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AI or Artificial Intelligence, beyond technical and scientific application, is one of the most common grounds of technological ideas explored in science fiction films as well as cyberpunk novels. Contemporary science fiction films and novels offer technological adventures where the boundary of human fantasies, adventures and romances interfuse with technological future which tends to blur the age-old conflict between science and religious belief. Blending with visions of science and technology, many of these science fiction films and novels portrait fantasies or quests (for salvation, immortality, overcoming physical illness, innovation, power etc.) as posthuman crises of a post human dystopia while this posthuman condition also offers determinations for transcending any earthly limitations of human existence. This paper intends to explore artificial intelligence within the area of popular science fiction novels and films, which incorporates the fantasy of techno-salvation in the near future of singularity through overcoming the carbon limitations of human, fusing essence of spirituality with technology as well as extending spiritual beliefs into technological faith. Investigating fictional depiction of "Artificial Intelligence" as a transhuman or posthuman idea in science fictions, the paper tries to trace out the potential patterns of technological salvation for humankind while it does also find humanizing or dehumanizing elements in these science fictions about the problematic and politicized power relations of binaries like human/machine or human/non-human. This paper is conducted through qualitative research, especially operating within textual analysis of William Gibson's cyberpunk novel Neuromancer and visual methodology incorporating some contemporary sci-fi films like Steven Spielberg's A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001), Alex Proyas' I,Robot (2004), Wachowski Brothers' The Matrix (1999), José Padilh's Robocop (2014) and Wally Pfister's Transcendence (2014). Therefore, the paper contends that artificial intelligence, as a posthuman entity in popular science fiction and films, integrates the fantasy of techno-salvation where technology is fused with spirituality extending spiritual beliefs into technological faith. Thus, it tries to destabilize traditional concepts of spiritual beliefs; and at the same time, re-appreciates and re-appropriates the spiritual ideas of omnipotence, heaven, immortality etc. through better comprehending of science and technology.

Children enrolled in school-age educare centres spend their time in different locations outdoors close to their school-age educare centres. Some of these places can be described as unedited places. A green area, a wild meadow of a place outside of the edited schoolyard, the forest, an old football field that nature has taken over, natural places who nobody takes care of, are some examples of unedited places where school-age educare children can stay. The focus of this study is directed towards school-age educare children's constructions of meaning in unedited locations close to school-age educare centers. The study gives a contribution of knowledge to teachers in general but especially to teachers in school-age educare centres, decisions-making politicians and other people who are interesting and who are in a position where they can represent school-age educare children. The research questions from the study point towards what school-age educare children describe about what they do in unedited locations outdoors close to school-age educare centres and in what ways they believe that unedited locations outdoors have significance in their making of meaning. Qualitative method was used to search understanding for school-age educare children's actions and their making of meaning. The method Grounded Theory was used because it is about making a theory in a practice which is built by people together in a specific context (Glaser, 1998). I have used "walk-and-talk"-observations (Haudrup Christensen, 2004), Klerfelt & Haglund, 2011) and used two non-participation observations (Alvehus, 2013). The study showed that some of the school-age educare children mostly prefer to do, was to play in the unedited places. They played traditional games, team games and their own fantasy games. The result of the subcore categories showed that school-age educare children gives fantasy to the games taking place outdoors. Unedited places became both an activity- and a playing environment. Unedited places encourage the school-age educare children's to execute bodily motor skills, feel emotions and associate with nature things.

The health effects of regular physical activity play an integral part in the promotion of outdoor participation. Well-maintained and marketed outdoor facilities encourage in this regard people to be more active outside of their homes. The aim of this study is to analyse popular German outdoor facilities in order to identify good working practices in Germany that can potentially be applied in Finland with the purpose of encouraging Finnish people to go outdoors more often. The study was conducted in cooperation between the University of Jyväskylä and Suomen Latu. The main research questions was: What knowledge can Suomen Latu gain from the administration of popular German hiking facilities in order to encourage Finnish people to go outdoors more often? Six semi-structured interviews with German and Finnish outdoor experts were conducted to explore the environmental differences in which nature participation takes place in both countries. Furthermore, authorities of German outdoor facilities, such as national parks and distinct travel regions/trails were interviewed to discover successful practices that attract German people to go outdoors. The Atlas.ti programme was utilised to organise and partly analyse the collected interview data. Finally, content analysis of webpages of the respective examined German outdoor facilities provided additional information to complete the case studies. The results suggest that there is no coherent way-marking system in Finland. Nevertheless, outdoor participation remains to be heavily supported by local municipalities and other governmental institutions in Finland, such as Metsähällitus. Finnish people are increasingly interested in day trips. Appropriate outdoor facilities that are easily accessible and do not demand long travels would respond well to the contemporary trend to be active on a regular base outdoors. Popular examples of well-administrated and marketed German outdoor facilities may build an appropriate base to develop similar facilities in Finland, such as tree-top trails, E-paths and roller skating tracks. When drawing a comparison to Finland, it should not be forgotten that the outdoor culture in Germany bases on different historical and cultural circumstances. In other words, facilities that work well in Germany, do not necessarily find a successful application in Finland.

Permintaan daging sapi di Indonesia yang terus meningkat menyebabkan kesenjangan antara produksi dan konsumsi semakin melebar. Kelebihan permintaan tersebut dipenuhi oleh daging sapi impor yang menyebabkan harga daging sapi domestik mengikuti pergerakan harga daging sapi impor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis integrasi pasar daging sapi Indonesia dan dunia (respon harga daging sapi domestik terhadap perubahan harga internasional/dunia). Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa data bulanan harga retail daging sapi di Indonesia dan harga daging sapi internasional (periode 2009-2013). Analisis data menggunakan model Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi integrasi antara harga daging sapi di pasar domestik dan dunia dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek. Hal ini berimplikasi terhadap stabilitas harga daging sapi Indonesia tergantung pada harga daging sapi di pasar dunia. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah melalui Kementerian Perdagangan perlu menerapkan kebijakan stabilitas harga daging sapi agar konsumen dapat menjangkau harga daging sapi yang terus meningkat serta produsen juga tidak dirugikan. The increasing demand of beef in Indonesia has broadened the gaps between production and consumption. This excess demand is solved by importing beef which consequently makes the price of domestic beef follows the imported ones. This research aims to analyze the integration of beef market in Indonesia compared to the world market (as a response of domestic beef prices against the international/world price changes). The study used secondary data including the monthly retail price of beef in Indonesia and international beef prices during 2009-2013. Data analysis used was Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The result shows that there is price integration between domestic beef market and the world market in the long and short run. It gives an implication to the stability of Indonesian beef price which depends heavily on the world market's price. It is necessary that the government through the Ministry of Trade implement a policy of beef price stability so that the consumers will be able to purchase beef even the price keeps increasing and the producers will not lose the market.

It is determined in the article the specifis of lustration in Poland with the help of political analysis of the basic regulations (laws of 1997 and 2006) and Public Opinion. Research of the Polish society to this issue. Proved that lustration in Poland corresponds to the «model of historical investigation» based on the discovery and disclosure of the truth about the victims and the perpetrators, not on punishing the criminal past. Conducting the lustration in this way was not only due to the nature of the negotiation character of the democratic transit, but also the social demands on the part of Polish society, which sought to restore the justice, but was not radical regarding the culprits of abuse and human rights violations in times of the previous undemocratic regime. ; Определена специфика люстрации в Польше с помощью политологического анализа основных нормативных актов (законы 1997 и 2006 гг.), а также изучения общественного мнения польского общества по этому вопросу. Доказано, что люстрация в Польше соответствует «модели исторического расследования», которая базируется на открытии и обнародовании правды о жертвах и виновников, а не на уголовном наказании последних. Проведение люстрации таким образом было обусловлено не только переговорным характером демократического транзита, но и социальным запросом со стороны польского общества, которое стремилось восстановить справедливость, но при этом не было радикально настроено относительно виновников злоупотреблений и нарушений прав человека во времена предыдущего недемократического режима ; Визначено специфіку люстрації в Польщі за допомогою політологічного аналізу основних нормативних актів (закони 1997 р. і 2006 р.) та вивчення громадської думки польського суспільства щодо цього питання. Доведено, що люстрація у Польщі відповідає «моделі історичного розслідування», яка базується на відкритті та оприлюдненні правди про жертви і винуватців, а не на кримінальному покаранні останніх. Проведення люстрації у такий спосіб було обумовлено не тільки переговорним характером демократичного транзиту, але й соціальним запитом із боку польського суспільства, яке прагнуло відновити справедливість, але при цьому не було радикально налаштовано відносно винуватців у зловживаннях та порушеннях прав людини за часів попереднього недемократичного режиму.

No doubt, literary discourse— particularly poetry— is a beautiful thing, pleasant for eyes and ears. We shouldn´t doubt either that it is a powerful means used to convey social, cultural and political ideas. This work is focused on Alice Walker's poetry. It is aimed to find aspects of the ideology of the African-American women as a group in the poetry of this author. As members of the Group of Semantic, Ideographic and Discourse Studies of the School of Foreign Languages of the University of Havana (FLEX), the authors of this paper decided to make use of the dimensional discourse analysis to carry out their research. Thus, the work has followed the theory on the meaning dimensions and the modal semantic macrocategories introduced by Leandro Caballero Díaz, later on redefined by Ana María Galbán Pozo. Ours was the first approach to poetic discourse in our group, centering our analyses on the implicit valuating utterances with ideological content. ; Indudablemente, el discurso literario, particularmente la poesía, es algo bello y placentero para los ojos y los oídos; es también una herramienta poderosa para expresar ideas de carácter social, cultural y político. Este trabajo en particular se centra en la obra poética de Alice Walker y está dirigido a identificar aspectos de la ideología de la mujer afro-estadounidense como grupo en la poesía de esta autora. Como miembros del Grupo de Estudios Semánticos, Ideográficos y del Discurso de la Facultad de Lenguas Extranjeras de la Universidad de La Habana (FLEX), las autoras del trabajo decidieron acudir al análisis de discurso dimensional para llevar a cabo su investigación, y para ello se basaron en la teoría del doctor Leandro Caballero Díaz sobre las dimensiones del significado y las macrocategorías semánticas modales redefinidas por la doctora Ana María Galbán Pozo en su tesis doctoral. Este fue el primer acercamiento del grupo al discurso poético, centrando el análisis en los enunciados valorativos implícitos con contenido ideológico.

Diplomacy played a key role during the troubled period of the Thirty Years' War. Diplomats were chosen for their vital missions from among the social and intellectual elites because of their training and their capability to manage with ease in a hostile environment such as a Prince's Court. This research focuses on the figure of Peter Paul Rubens, who developed a crucial role in the European political scene even though he was not the archetypal ambassador. This aspect of his career has not been entirely overlooked by historiography, but due its political importance it deserves a deeper review. This essay does not intend to analyze the figure of the painter and diplomat in depth, but to outline –from an updated scholarly approach, based on archival and printed contemporary sources, as well as supplementary bibliography– not only the course of events but also the circumstances in which he conducted his work, the reasons that led him to it and the role his personality played in it. ; En el turbulento periodo de la Guerra de los Treinta Años la diplomacia fue un elemento clave. El estudio de las Relaciones Internacionales siempre ha estado vinculado a grandes nombres pertenecientes a la élite social e intelectual. Algunos motivos por los cuales eran designados para tan importantes misiones eran su formación y su desenvoltura en un ambiente hostil como era la Corte de un Príncipe. El presente estudio está centrado en un personaje, Pedro Pablo Rubens, que si bien no es el prototipo de embajador, desarrolló un papel crucial en el escenario político europeo. La historiografía no ha pasado por alto esta faceta de Pedro Pablo Rubens aunque ciertamente lo ha hecho de una forma somera. No pretendemos aquí analizar profundamente la figura del pintor diplomático sino realizar un esbozo desde un punto de vista más actual, empleando fuentes de archivo, impresas y bibliografía complementaria que nos ayuden no sólo a exponer el desarrollo de los acontecimientos sino a investigar las circunstancias en las que realizó su labor, los ...

The purpose of this study were to determine: 1) Democratic values that the students developed in junior high school Muhammadiyah 1 of Kartasura students; 2) Learning strategy of democratic attitude in junior high school Muhammadiyah 1 of Kartasura; 3) Factors to be an obstacle in the learning of democratic attitudes in junior high school Muhammadiyah 1 of Kartasura.The study was conducted in junior high school Muhammadiyah 1 of Kartasura, with the kind of qualitative research. Data obtained by the method of interviewing, observation methods, and documentation. Data analysis methods used in this study is an interactive data analysis by using three main components, namely data reduction, presentation of data and drawing conclusions and also verification. While the data used to test the validity of the triangulation method.From interviews combined with observation and documentation of results, obtained results that: 1) The attitude of the developed democracies are attitudes based on values of openness, equality and the value of cooperation based on mutual respect; 2) Learning strategy of democratic attitude implemented by creating a democratic learning situation, get creative and open thinking and courage found. Implementation of learning strategies in developing the values of openness, equality and the value of cooperation through contextual learning strategies, inquiry and cooperative learning strategies. Evaluations democratic attitude of learning carried out after the learning process by looking at changes in behavior illustrates the extent to which the values that have been developed can be accepted and applied by the students. Evaluation conducted by the guidance counselor and teacher of all subjects, with an intensive observation and through direct inquiries to the responses of students on a case. Assessment results in the form of presentation in the form of quantitative assessment (score or number) and a qualitative assessment of verbal statements that are descriptive; 3) constraint in democratic attitude of learning is the unpreparedness of principals and teachers in implementing the changes to learning in developing democratic values, there is limited infrastructure and also lack of family support and people to introduce democratic values.

Chance is one of the best allied of researching. Most part of relevant knowledge to which we are able to get through the research has a high component of chance, of unpredictability. However, chance is maintained out of any scientific methodology. This article defends that this exclusion, beyond being a mere practical matter, responds to an epistemology that conceives of the reality occurring independent from our capacity for knowledge and thinks creativity as a quality of projecting brilliant ideas above things, instead of emphasizing its empathetic basis. Anthropology, thanks to the nature of its method, makes possible scenarios of comprehension and creativity action in which we should persist and that we should defend as fundamental tools of knowledge and political struggle. ; El azar es uno de los mejores aliados de la investigación. Gran parte de los conocimientos relevantes a los que se accede en la investigación tienen un componente altísimo de azar, de imprevisibilidad. Sin embargo, el azar queda fuera de toda metodología científica. Este artículo defiende que esta exclusión, más allá de ser una mera cuestión práctica, responde a una epistemología que concibe la realidad aconteciendo independiente de nuestra capacidad de conocimiento y que piensa la creatividad como la cualidad de proyectar ideas geniales sobre las cosas, en vez de destacar su fundamento empático. La antropología, creemos, posibilita escenarios de comprensión y acción creativa en los que merece la pena perseverar, y conviene defenderlos como herramientas fundamentales de conocimiento y transformación política. ; Zoria ikerketarako aliatu on bat da. Ikerketan lortu ahal dugun ezaguerarik gehienek zorizko parte oso garrantzitsu bat daukate. Hala ere, ausa metodologia zientifikotik kanpo geratzen da. Artikulu honek defendatzen du bazterketa hau ez dela bakarrik arazo praktiko bat, baizik eta epistemologia konkretu baten ondorioa. Epistemologia horrek errealitatea pentsatzen du gure adimen ahalmenatik independente, eta kreatibitatea gauzen gainean aparteko ideiak proiektatzeko balioa, bere oinarri enpatikoa aipatu beharrean. Antropologiak, eremu zientifikoan legitimatzeko saiakerak gorabehera, eta bere metodoari esker, ulertzeko eta sormenezko ekintzaren egoerak posible egiten ditu. Izan ere, egoera hauek ezagurako eta eraldaketa politikorako tresnak bezala defendatzea merezi du.

ABSTRACT: In accordance with the mandate of Law Number 32 Year 2004 on Regional Governmentand Government Regulation No. 41 of 2007 concerning the regional Organization, that the ParliamentSecretariat is area that has the task to provide services administrative to Parliament, so the ParliamentSecretariat has an important role in supporting implementation of the functions of Parliament. In thisregard, this study to answer the question "What is the role of the Parliament Secretariat in supportingthe implementation of the function of Parliament has been executed effectively and efficiently inTomohon?"Research using qualitative methods. In this case the role of the secretariat of Parliament in favor ofParliament diihat function of two aspects: effectiveness and efficiency. Informants in this study weretaken from the officials and employees of the Parliament Secretariat Tomohon (5) and the Chairmanof Parliament Tomohon (5). Data collection by interview; while the analysis of data using analysistechniques interactive model of Miles and Hubernann.The results showed: (1) The role of the Parliament Secretariat Tomohon in supporting theimplementation of the functions of Parliament are carried out effectively seen from the successfulimplementation of programs and activities that have been set, and the level of realization orachievement of targets planned results. (2) The role of the Parliament Secretariat Tomohon insupporting the implementation of the functions of Parliament are carried out efficiently be seen fromthe use of the budget and the utilization of human potential employees, as well as the degree oftimeliness of implementation and completion of assigned tasks.Based on the results of these studies conclude that the role of the Parliament Secretariat Tomohon insupporting the implementation of the function of Parliament has been done effectively and efficiently.In other words, Parliament Secretariat Tomohon already can act effectively and efficiently insupporting implementation of the functions of Parliament.Based on these results it is suggested some things Tomohon City Council secretariat role in the future:(1) Improving the competence or ability of employee skills through education and technical trainingand functional. (2) Improve the more effective coordination between the Secretariat of the Council andwith the Parliament; (3) Enhance the spirit and enthusiasm of employees working at improving thewelfare of employees.Key Word : Secretariat Role, Parliament

The paper presents the results of faunistic research on noctuid moths (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea: Nolidae, Erebidae, Noctuidae) occurring in the ecosystems of the Nowa Dęba Military Training Area in the Sandomierz Primeval Forest in the years 1999–2013. The study yielded 273 species, i.e. 55 % of the Polish Noctuoidea. Its results clearly indicate that the study area is of crucial importance to the conservation of noctuid biodiversity, not only in Poland, but also in Europe. This area is inhabited by a number of stenotopic species, considered to be rare and threatened with extinction in Poland as well as in central Europe as a whole, e.g.: Idia calvaria, Meganola togatulalis, Diachrysia zosimi, Syngrapha microgamma, Abrostola asclepiadis, Acronicta menyanthidis, Heliothis ononis, Hoplodrina respersa, Lithophane lamda, Xylomoia graminea, Hydraecia ultima, Diarsia florida, Lycophotia molothina, Paradiarsia punicea, Xestia castanea, Coenophila subrosea and Euxoa vitta. ; P. 21-36 : ill. ; 25 cm ; Bibliogr. p. 35-36 ; W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki badań nad fauną sówek (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea: Nolidae, Erebidae, Noctuidae) ekosystemów występujących na obszarze poligonu wojskowego "Nowa Dęba" na terenie Puszczy Sandomierskiej, przeprowadzonych w latach 1999–2013. Na badanym terenie stwierdzono występowanie 273 gatunków sówek. Stanowi to około 55% wszystkich dotychczas wykazanych z Polski gatunków z badanych rodzin motyli. Uzyskane wyniki badań pozwalają na stwierdzenie, że poligon wojskowy "Nowa Dęba" na obszarze Puszczy Sandomierskiej stanowi ważne refugium dla psammofilnej i kserotermofilnej oraz higrofilnej fauny sówek i ma pierwszorzędne znaczenie dla ochrony różnorodności biologicznej Polski i Europy. Wśród Noctuidae wykazanych z Puszczy Sandomierskiej znajdują się gatunki rzadko spotykane lub występujące w kraju bardzo lokalnie. Łącznie z obszaru Puszczy Sandomierskiej wykazano 18 takich gatunków. Stanowią one 6,3% liczby gatunków sówek wykazanych z obszaru badań. Do gatunków takich należą: I. calvaria, M. togatulalis, D. zosimi, S. microgamma, A. asclepiadis, A. menyanthidis, H. ononis, H. respersa, L. lamda, A. caecimacula, X. graminea, H. ultima, D. florida, L. molothina, P. punicea, X. castanea, C. subrosea oraz E. vitta. Gatunki te są w większości stenotopami występującymi w ściśle określonych ekosystemach, najczęściej o charakterze naturalnym. Stanowią one cenny element faunistyczny wzbogacający różnorodność biologiczną regionu i Polski. ; S. 21-36 : il. ; 25 cm ; Bibliogr. s. 35-36

Hay una corrección en la afiliación y los reconocimientos en: The PLOS Genetics Staff (2015) Correction: Deciphering the Genetic Programme Triggering Timely and Spatially-Regulated Chitin Deposition. PLoS Genet 11(3): e1005054. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005054 ; © 2015 Moussian et al. Organ and tissue formation requires a finely tuned temporal and spatial regulation of differentiation programmes. This is necessary to balance sufficient plasticity to undergo morphogenesis with the acquisition of the mature traits needed for physiological activity. Here we addressed this issue by analysing the deposition of the chitinous extracellular matrix of Drosophila, an essential element of the cuticle (skin) and respiratory system (tracheae) in this insect. Chitin deposition requires the activity of the chitin synthase Krotzkopf verkehrt (Kkv). Our data demonstrate that this process equally requires the activity of two other genes, namely expansion (exp) and rebuf (reb). We found that Exp and Reb have interchangeable functions, and in their absence no chitin is produced, in spite of the presence of Kkv. Conversely, when Kkv and Exp/Reb are co-expressed in the ectoderm, they promote chitin deposition, even in tissues normally devoid of this polysaccharide. Therefore, our results indicate that both functions are not only required but also sufficient to trigger chitin accumulation. We show that this mechanism is highly regulated in time and space, ensuring chitin accumulation in the correct tissues and developmental stages. Accordingly, we observed that unregulated chitin deposition disturbs morphogenesis, thus highlighting the need for tight regulation of this process. In summary, here we identify the genetic programme that triggers the timely and spatially regulated deposition of chitin and thus provide new insights into the extracellular matrix maturation required for physiological activity. ; This work was supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of the Spanish Government (BFU2009-09041/BMC, BFU2012-39509-C02 and Programme Consolider CSD2007-00008), and from AGAUR of the Generalitat de Catalunya (2009 SGR1333) to ML and from German Research Foundation (MO1714/2-2 and 3-2) to BM ; Peer Reviewed

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.-- et al. ; [Objective]: SIRT1 has been proposed to be a key signaling node linking changes in energy metabolism to transcriptional adaptations. Although SIRT1 overexpression is protective against diverse metabolic complications, especially in response to high-fat diets, studies aiming to understand the etiology of such benefits are scarce. Here, we aimed to identify the key tissues and mechanisms implicated in the beneficial effects of SIRT1 on glucose homeostasis. [Methods]: We have used a mouse model of moderate SIRT1 overexpression, under the control of its natural promoter, to evaluate glucose homeostasis and thoroughly characterize how different tissues could influence insulin sensitivity. [Results]: Mice with moderate overexpression of SIRT1 exhibit better glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity even on a low fat diet. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps and in-depth tissue analyses revealed that enhanced insulin sensitivity was achieved through a higher brown adipose tissue activity and was fully reversed by housing the mice at thermoneutrality. SIRT1 did not influence brown adipocyte differentiation, but dramatically enhanced the metabolic transcriptional responses to β3-adrenergic stimuli in differentiated adipocytes. [Conclusions]: Our work demonstrates that SIRT1 improves glucose homeostasis by enhancing BAT function. This is not consequent to an alteration in the brown adipocyte differentiation process, but as a result of potentiating the response to β3-adrenergic stimuli. ; M.S. is funded by the CNIO and by grants from the MICINN (SAF), the Regional Government of Madrid, the European Research Council (CANCER&AGING; LS1, ERC-2008-AdG), the Botín Foundation, the Ramón Areces Foundation, and the AXA Foundation. P.J.F.M. is funded by the AECC. A.M.V. is funded by the following grant support: SAF2012-33283 (MINECO, Spain), Comunidad de Madrid S2010/BMD-2423, EFSD and Amylin Paul Langerhans Grant and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain). P.M.G.R. is funded by the following grant support: BFU2011-24679 (MINECO, Spain) and he is a recipient of a Ramon y Cajal contract: RYC-2009-05158(MINECO, Spain). ; Peer Reviewed

pp 50-60 ; Traditional mountain olive groves —on slopes greater than 15%, non-irrigated and low-yielding— constitute 40% of the Jaén olive cultivation land. We estimate the profitability of the Jaén's olive oil value chain and its spatial differentiation, segmenting the analysis by: types of cultivation systems; its location in mountain or lowland areas; phases of the supply chains; and bulk and bottled oil chains. A first objective is to examine the competitive disadvantages of local mountain olive oil systems, verifying that a great majority of the mountain oils have a negative private profitability. Another objective is to prove if mountain oils present characteristics of typicity, compared to lowland oils, which may generate marketing-mix attributes that enhance obtaining differentiation-related income. Special attention is paid to designation of origin and organic farming labels. ; Les exploitations traditionnelles d'olivier de montagne –en pentes supérieures au 15%, non irriguées et de bas rendements- constituent le 40% de la surface cultivée d'olivier à Jaén. On estime la rentabilité de la chaîne de valeur de la filière d'huile d'olive de Jaén et sa différentiation spatiale, en segmentant l'analyse par: types de systèmes de culture; sa localisation en montagne ou en plaine; étapes productives de la chaine oléicole; et filières d'huile en vrac et embouteillé. Un premier objectif est l'analyse des désavantages compétitifs des systèmes oléicoles locaux de montagne, vérifiant qu'une grande majorité a une rentabilité privée négative. Un deuxième objectif est de prouver si les huiles de montagne ont des caractéristiques de typicité, en comparaison avec ceux de plaine, qui peuvent mettre en valeur des attributs de «marketing-mix» dirigés à l'obtention des revenus de différentiation. Une attention particulière est dédiée aux labels d'appellation d'origine et d'oléiculture biologique. ; Tender IPTS-2012-J04-17-NC: Mountain Olive Oils in Jaén (Spain): a Case Study for Mountain Products Supply Chains, European Union ; Spanish Government's National R&D&i Plan research project, Territorial externalities in local agro-food systems: rural development, landscapes and public goods in olive oil designations of origin (EXTERSIAL) ; Peer reviewed

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. ; First-principles calculations within the framework of real-space time-dependent density functional theory have been performed for the complete chlorophyll (Chl) network of the light-harvesting complex from green plants, LHC-II. A local-dipole analysis method developed for this work has made possible the studies of the optical response of individual Chl molecules subjected to the influence of the remainder of the chromophore network. The spectra calculated using our real-space TDDFT method agree with previous suggestions that weak interaction with the protein microenvironment should produce only minor changes in the absorption spectrum of Chl chromophores in LHC-II. In addition, relative shifting of Chl absorption energies leads the stromal and lumenal sides of LHC-II to absorb in slightly different parts of the visible spectrum providing greater coverage of the available light frequencies. The site-specific alterations in Chl excitation energies support the existence of intrinsic energy transfer pathways within the LHC-II complex. ; The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council Advanced Grant DYNamo (ERC-2010-AdG-267374), European Commission Project CRONOS (grant number 280879-2, CRONOS CP-7P7), Spanish Grant (FIS2013-46159-C3-1-P), Grupos Consolidados UPV/EHU del Gobierno Vasco (IT578-13 and IT395-10), UPV/EHU (grant UFI11/45), COST Actions CM1204 (XLIC) and MP1306 (EUSpec). JJS gratefully acknowledges the Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca del Departament dInnovacio, Universitats i Empresa, de la Generalitat de Catalunya for financial support, and the Marie Curie Cofund Action (FP7) of the European Union for the Beatriu de Pinos (2010 BP-A2-00024) postdoctoral fellowship. JAR acknowledges the fellowship of the UPV/EHU. JJPS acknowledges financial support from the National Institute Of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (Award Number 1R44GM108085-01A1). BFM acknowledges financial support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (CONT_DOUT/11/UC/ 405/10150/18/2008), the Donostia International Physics centre and the Centro de Fisica de Materiales, UPV/EHU, for financial support. ; Peer Reviewed