Suchergebnisse

Skotland etablerer i 2022 en international repræsentation i København, men spørgsmålet er, hvad der kan forventes af den. Gennem interviews med skotske repræsentanter har vi undersøgt, hvordan Skotland er repræsenteret som en subnational aktør qua deres internationale repræsentationer. Vi benytter denne viden til at fremsætte kvalificerede forventninger til den kommende repræsentation i København. På baggrund af vores data har vi udarbejdet en model kaldet "The Scottish model of efficient paradiplomacy", der skitserer de elementer, vi finder karakteristisk for skotsk paradiplomati. I fremtiden vil der være både en britisk- og skotsk repræsentation i København. Hertil anbefaler vi, at Danmark engagerer sig diplomatisk med begge disse repræsentationer og dermed undlader at tage stilling til deres komplekse indbyrdes forhold.

Surviving in the Field of International Arbitration', published as a convenient English-Spanish bilingual edition, is a comprehensive description of what happens behind the scenes in the international arbitration world. For young lawyers and students contemplating a career in international arbitration, understanding what it takes to be successful in the field can seem hidden and mysterious. Here is a book that, in a thoroughly engaging way, unlocks the black box and democratizes access to advice and information via short personal chapters by leading practitioners. This book analyses the reality of counsels and arbitrators from a refreshing and pragmatic perspective

We introduce the topic of this Special Issue on the "Role of Financial and Legal Institutions in International Governance", with a particular emphasis on a notion of "international mobility of corporate governance". Our discussion places the Special Issue at the intersection of law, finance, and international business, with a focus on the contexts of foreign investors and directors. Country-level legal and regulatory institutions facilitate foreign ownership, foreign directors, raising external financial capital, and international M&A activity. The interplay between the impact of foreign ownership and foreign directors on firm governance and performance depends on international differences in formal/regulatory institutions. In addition to legal conditions, informal institutions such as political connections also shape the economic value of foreign ownership and foreign directors. We highlight key papers in the literature, provide an overview of the new papers in this Special Issue, and offer suggestions for future research.

Companies that successfully incorporate international sourcing into
their international marketing strategies enhance their abilities to
provide their customers with quality products at acceptable prices. To a
large extent, an effective international marketing strategy depends on a
firm′s ability to segment its international markets. Previous studies
addressed country segmentation on the basis of clustering a group of
countries by an array of macroeconomic factors. These studies focussed
their attention on segmenting countries on the factors important to
making marketing decisions. Focusses on the making of sourcing
decisions. More specifically, analyzes the extent to which countries
belong to the same grouping on the basis of purchasing patterns of
materials, components, finished products or technology.
One‐hundred‐and‐thirty‐five firms representing 42 different countries
were surveyed. The countries were clustered on the basis of these firms′
sourcing strategies. The market segment approach enables industrial
marketers who are inexperienced in marketing internationally to borrow
from the experience of firms which are already present in such markets.
Furthermore, the availability and reliability of data and the proposed
methodology can serve as useful tools in conducting such research.

Research suggests that a donor country's decision to provide post-disaster assistance is not only driven by the severity of a disaster and the resulting humanitarian needs in the recipient country but also by strategic considerations. We argue that the identification of the determinants of the size of disaster assistance is a first step in the analysis of the donor's behavior. Since all aid is not motivated by the same reasons, the evaluation of the donor country's behavior requires a second step accounting for the type and the channel of aid provided. Using data on international disaster assistance between 2000 and 2007 one can examine both the donor countries' decision on the channel (bilateral vs. multilateral) and the type of disaster relief (cash vs. in-kind). The empirical results suggest that international disaster relief is not as much driven by the needs of the recipient country but also by strategic interests (e.g. oil, trade relationships) of the donor country. Bilateral and cash transfers are used as a vehicle to signal strategic interests, while multilateral and in-kind transfers are chosen to control for misuse in badly governed recipient countries.

[Extract] This chapter is concerned with industrial relations. It is included here because there is a prima facie case that an understanding of international and comparative industrial relations is relevant to understanding the conduct of international business. The focus is on the Asia-Pacific region, where the transformation of industrial relations and the democratisation of industrialising societies are contemporary and related issues. Within the region, where industrialisation was and is based on export-oriented enterprises, the forces of globalisation are often generalised as the context of industrial relations. The fields of industrial relations and human resource management - the criteria for delineation are contentious - together encompass the varied arrangements, methods and processes of the management of people at work. They include rules, attitudes and behaviour in and around the employment relationship. The main parties or 'actors' in these fields are: employees (workers, if you prefer) and their organisations (especially unions); employers (including managers) and their associations; the state, especially its government institutions that regulate employment matters; values, attitudes and behaviours arising from the employment relationship.

We revisit and empirically evaluate crucial yet under-examined arguments articulated in "God Gave Physics the Easy Problems" (2000), the authors of which emphasized that, in International Relations (IR) predictions, predominant nomothetic approaches should be supplemented with concrete scenario thinking. We test whether the IR predictive toolkit is in fact dominated by nomothetic generalizations and, more broadly, map the methodological profile of this subfield. We build on the TRIP database, supplementing it with extensive original coding to operationalize the nuances of predictive research. In particular, we differentiate between nomoscopic predictions (predictive generalizations) and idioscopic predictions (predictions for concrete situations), showing that this distinction is not reducible to other methodological cleavages. We find that even though in contemporary IR an increasing number of articles seek to provide predictions, they consistently avoid predictions about concrete situations. The proportion of idioscopic predictions is stably small, with an even smaller proportion of predictions that develop concrete narratives or specify any determinate time period. Furthermore, those idioscopic studies are mostly limited to a niche with specialized themes and aims. Thus, our research shows that the critical claims from 20 years ago are still relevant for contemporary IR, as the "difficult problem" of developing predictive scenarios is still consistently overlooked in favor of other objectives. Ultimately, the types of predictions that IR scholars develop depend on their specific aims and constraints, but the discipline-wide result is a situation in which international studies' ambition to provide predictions grows, but they tend to reproduce the same limitations as they did in 2000.

This report provides a rapid mapping analysis of the existing documentation concerning civil and military approaches in international operations. Its main purpose is to extract and review key lessons learned and dilemmas from recent experiences in Afghanistan, Iraq and other international operations where foreign military forces are, or have been, participating in a process of political and security stabilization.

Frontmatter -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Abkürzungen und Literatur -- Einleitung -- I. Eingangsbestimmungen -- II. Allgemeine Bestimmungen -- III. Beförderung von Personen -- IV. Beförderung von Reisegepäck -- V. Beförderung von Expreßgnt -- VI. Beförderung von Leichen -- VII. Beförderung von lebenden Tieren -- VIII. Beförderung von Gütern -- Nähere Bestimmungen über die Verladung und Beförderung von lebenden Tieren -- Allgemeine Bedingungen für Privatanschlüsse (PUB) -- Österreichische Eisenbahn-Verkehrsordnung vom 28. 5. 1928 -- Handelsgesetzbuch -- Internationales Übereinkommen über den Eisenbahnfrachtverkehr -- Internationales Übereinkommen über den Eisenbahn- Personen- und Gepäckverkehr -- Sachregister -- Backmatter