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Legal policy is a transformation of political goals into state programs and projects and achievement of such goals based on law. Nowadays the problem of effectiveness of legal policy is extremely discussable.

We should underline that for the role of law in Russian society increases as well as a flow of legal information. Various legal acts have been adopted and the new system of legal regulation in different spheres (in particular, in politic sphere) is emerging. As the result our society, individuals and legal entities have more actively began using «Law» to solve their problems, to protect their rights, to resolve conflicts.

But narrow-minded and weak legal policy with the inappropriate legislation is continuously being reflected in the unsatisfactory implementation of social, economy and etc. policies. So, the effectiveness of legal policy determines, inter alia, how effective are the legal policy entities. Some of them take part in all forms of legal policy realization, some of them are active only in particular form. This research helps to understand the peculiarities of the role of legal policy entities.

The Member States of the European Union have diverse legal traditions explained in part by the dichotomy of common law and civil law systems. Yet notwithstanding this diversity all Member States have adjusted to the new legal order created by the European Community in accepting the primacy of EC law and the legal principles establishing by the European Court of Justice. This paper examines briefly the Irish experience in making that adjustment.

This book offers its readers an overview of recent developments in the theory of legal argumentation written by representatives from various disciplines, including argumentation theory, philosophy of law, logic and artificial intelligence. It presents an overview of contributions representative of different academic and legal cultures, and different continents and countries. The book contains contributions on strategic maneuvering, argumentum ad absurdum, argumentum ad hominem, consequentialist argumentation, weighing and balancing, the relation between legal argumentation and truth, the distinction between the context of discovery and context of justification, and the role of constitutive and regulative rules in legal argumentation. It is based on a selection of papers that were presented in the special workshop on Legal Argumentation organized at the 25th IVR World Congress for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy held 15-20 August 2011 in Frankfurt, Germany.

"This book provides an overview of the law and policy of controlled substances. Chapter 1 focuses on drugs and drug use by briefly examining the question of what is a drug and offering perspectives on substance use, abuse and addiction. Chapter 2 introduces some of the key policy questions related to drug prohibition in the United States. Chapter 3 moves from policy to legal doctrine with an overview of drug crimes, including: possession, possession with intent to distribute, manufacture, and additional offenses like drug paraphernalia laws. Chapter 4 addresses drug sentencing and civil sanctions. Chapter 5 deals with the legal and policy issues raised by drug investigations, from the use of informants to racial profiling. Chapter 6 moves from criminal law to administrative law with an examination of the Controlled Substances Act, the federal law under which drugs of abuse are classified and controlled. Chapter 7 focuses on criminal and regulatory provisions related to the recreational use of medicines. Chapter 8 examines state marijuana legalization laws and the conflict between federal and state marijuana laws. Finally, Chapter 9 concludes with a look at international drug control law"--

The International Criminal Court (ICC or Court) is an institution born of necessity after a long and arduous process of many false starts. The struggle to establish a permanent international criminal tribunal stretches back to Nuremberg. The dream, which was especially poignant for the international criminal law community, for a permanent international criminal tribunal was realized with the adoption in 1998 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The treaty entered into force in 2002. Those were heady days for advocates and scholars concerned with curtailing impunity. No one was more ecstatic about the realization of the ICC than civil society actors across the globe, and particularly in Africa, where impunity has been an endemic problem. Victims who had never received justice at home saw an opportunity for vindication abroad. This optimism in the ICC was partially driven by the successes, however mixed, of two prior ad hoc international criminal tribunals—the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia.

The outcome of the litigation before the International Court of Justice can be seriously affected by the Court's treatment of the parties' submissions, not just because the Court's disregard of the submission of the party can affect the legal rights of that party. The final decision can end up being substantially different from what most people would expect. This happened, for instance, in some cases in which much was at stake, such asArrest Warrant, Oil PlatformsorLegality of the Use of Force. The reasoning and outcome of these cases, involving the issues of the use of force and the account-ability for serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law, was important not merely for the parties' rights and interests, but also had a wider dimension of clarifying the applicable law on the important questions that very frequently arises within the international legal system and affects its operation and efficiency. It is therefore crucial to ascertain what the Court's powers are in dealing with the parties' submissions and if such powers are subject to certain limits.

In 2009, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) challenged the European Union (EU)'s interpretation of Article XXIV GATT in bilateral trade talks. Based on a legal analysis that West African activists initially provided, ECOWAS established that the clause allowed for more flexibility on market opening than the EU expected. Since then, market access constitutes one unresolved issue slowing down negotiations between the trade power Europe and trade- and aid-dependent ECOWAS. The example challenges the political economy literature dealing with trade policy-making on at least two accounts, namely the role of typically sidelines actors such as poor countries and transnational activists; and the role of the law in mediating strategic and discursive aspects of trade political processes. To assess the evidence and its theoretical implications, I combine the analytical concept of political opportunity structure developed in the transnational studies literature with pluralist approaches to law. I argue that trade political actors can become aware of the pathways to influence that legal uncertainty opens, in particular under conditions of multilevel governance where national, regional and international legal orders are intertwined. Overall, the way in which the law mediates ideas and interests thus deserves scrutiny in political economy approaches to trade.