Suchergebnisse

During this time, the government emphasized the importance of scientific culture as an academic tradition among teachers in Indonesia through various efforts including requiring a scientific publication. But the main problems faced are the lack of knowledge of the importance of scientific culture, the lack of understanding of research methodology, and the lack of knowledge and skills on how to analyze research data to produce a scientific publication. With this, the purpose of the training is to increase the knowledge and skills of the teacher about the methodology and analysis of research data. This service activity was held on April 16, 2016 and took place at Bandar Lampung Adiguna High School which was attended by 25 participants. The target of the service activities was the teacher at Bandar Lampung Adiguna High School. From the results of the evaluation of activities, the results and benefits of service activities were obtained including increasing the knowledge and skills of the Adiguna High School teachers regarding various research methods and data analysis.

Розглядається методика обґрунтування рішення на асиметричне реагування ЗС України на загрози у воєнній сфері. Методика передбачає отримання необхідної інформації про загрози воєнного або гібридного характеру, їх характеристики, ресурси, що виділяються, потрібний рівень деескалації загрози і забезпечує формування потенціалу асиметричної протидії загрозам, вибір групи суб'єктів з потрібними спроможно-стями, обґрунтування завдань кожному суб'єкту та оцінювання очікуваної ефективності їх виконання. ; Анализ тенденций развития геополитической и военно-стратегической обстановки в мире показывает, что в первой половине XXI века человечеству не удастся избавиться от военных столкновений различного масштаба. Это обусловлено сохранением существующих и появлением новых центров силы и стремлением политической элиты от-дельных государств решать возникающие экономические, политические, территориальные, религиозные, этнические и другие антагонистические противоречия с помощью различных форм насилия. Одной из тенденций, которая изначально влияет на состояние и развитие среды безопасности вокруг Украины, является перенос акцентов в военных конфликтах на асимметричное применение военной силы не предусмотренными законом вооруженными формированиями, а также на комплексное использование военных и невоенных инструментов (кибернетических, экономических, политических, информационно-психологических и т.д.), что кардинально меняет характер вооруженной борьбы и выдвигает принципиально новые требования к системе обеспечения военной безопас-ности. Одним из таких требований является разработка системы мер и действий, которые бы позволяли за счет не-значительных затрат на реализацию и использование их против уязвимых и слабых мест противника, воздействие на которые даст максимальный эффект при минимальных затратах собственных сил и ресурсов, что в последнее время является актуальной задачей для обеспечения военной безопасности Украины. Исходя из этого, возникает необходи-мость рассмотрения такого рода мероприятий, как асимметричные. Асимметричные действия присущи конфликтной ситуации, в которой мерами экономического, дипломатическо-го, информационного и непосредственно военного характера более слабый противник проводит асимметричную стра-тегию (тактику) ведения вооруженной борьбы, в соответствии с имеющимися у него ограниченными ресурсами, для нивелирования военно-технологических преимуществ сильной стороны. Эффективность реализации асимметричных действий зависит от полноты и своевременного их выполнения, что достигается скоординированными по целям, месту и времени действиями разноведомственных сил всей организации государства. ; The analysis of tendencies in the development of geopolitical and military-strategic situation in the world shows that in the first half of the XXI century mankind will not be able to get rid of military conflicts of different proportions. This is due to the preservation of the existing and the emergence of new centers of power and the aspirations of the political elite of individual states to resolve emerging economic, political, territorial, religious, ethnic and other antagonistic contradictions through various forms of violence. One of the tendencies that decisively influences the condition and the development of a security environment around Ukraine is the shifting of emphasis in military conflicts to the asymmetrical application of military force by illegal armed forma-tions, as well as on the comprehensive use of military and non-military means (cybernetic, economic, political, informational psychological, etc.), which drastically changes the nature of the armed conflicts and introduces fundamentally new requirements for a system of military security. One of these requirements is the requirement to develop a system of measures and actions that would allow at the reasonable costs on the implementation and application of those against the vulnerable and weak points of the enemy, the impact of which will have the maximum effect at a minimum cost of the forces and resources, which is the actual task of ensuring the military security of Ukraine lately. On this basis, it is necessary to consider such measures as asymmetric. Asymmetric actions are typical for a conflict situation when taking economic, diplomatic, informational and directly mili-tary measures a weaker adversary pursues an asymmetric strategy (tactics) of warfare, in accordance with his limited resources aimed at leveling the military technological advantages of a strong party. The effectiveness of the asymmetric actions implementation depends on their completeness and timely implementation, which is achieved by goal, place and time coordinated actions of multi-departmental forces of the entire state organization.

History and social science cannot be distinguished in terms of either epistemology or methodology but only be the kind of research questions asked. This argument is reinforced by examining the methodological and epistemological posture adopted by Waltz. It is an illusion to imagine that theoretical debates in international relations will be resolved by methodological or epistemological fiat. (Abstract amended)

From slave narratives to "groundings" : moving from the peripheries to the centre of knowledge overview and introduction / Saran Stewart -- Framing the Caribbean landscape : approaching grounded theory from a decolonizing perspective / Chayla Haynes and Saran Stewart -- "Removing the stranglehold" : reshaping encounters with poetry through participatory observation in action research / Aisha T. Spencer -- An inductive meta-synthesis of qualitative educational research in the English speaking Caribbean : 1990-2016 / Amanda K. Thomas -- Unpacking educational policy and practice in Jamaica through critical discourse analysis : a theoretical framework and methodology / Yewande Lewis-Fokum -- A missing part of the whole: poor performance in mathematics in the Caribbean: lessons from a qualitative, microgenetic, decolonizing study on fraction learning / Lois George -- Reflection, dialogue, and transformation through participatory action research : experiences of Jamaica's change from within programme / Therese Ferguson -- Thinking through fieldwork encounters in Brazil : critical reflections and future pathways / Doreen Gordon -- Decolonizing Caribbean heritage : lessons learned and best practices for future research / Anne Pajard -- Disrupting the colonial gaze : emancipatory imaginings of a Caribbean centered research praxis / Frank Tuitt

Questions of methodology and the use of sources are fundamental to all academic disciplines. In recent years, this topic has become far more challenging as scholars are increasingly adopting an interdisciplinary approach to achieve richer and deeper analyses, particularly in the humanities and social sciences. Building New Bridges / Bâtir de nouveaux ponts is a collection of scholarly papers that deals with the first principles of source identification and their effective utilization.The contributors to the volume come from a wide range of disciplines and represent both French and English Canada. Together, they explore and encourage the interdisciplinarity trend - around which considerable academic trepidation remains - and seek to explain, for example, how historians and those in English or Lettres françaises analyze texts, how scholars approach paintings, photography, and film, and how the study of music relates tempo and lyrics to wider societal trends. They utilize their respective research to elucidate means of effectively employing evidences and methods to achieve richer, deeper, and more nuanced results. As a whole, the collection provides an excellent primer for scholars of methodology.

In addition to general research contributions, volume 36C features a symposium edited by Andrés Álvarez on monetary economics in post-independence Latin America. The symposium features contributions from Matías Vernengo and Esteban Pérez Caldentey, Ricardo Solis Rosales, Florencia Sember, and Edna Carolina Sastoque Ramírez.

The added value of mixed methods research in poverty and vulnerability is now widely established. Nevertheless, gaps and challenges remain. This volume shares experiences from research in developed and developing country contexts on how mixed methods approaches can make research more credible, usable and responsive to complexity

"This book demonstrates a methodology for assessing public health needs in communities experiencing environmental sanitation inadequacies. Centring on a case study of the Republic of Cameroon, the findings represent the starting point of a campaign to implement a comprehensive water and sanitation infrastructure through advocacy, housing improvements, and new service chains. This book should appeal to environmental health professionals, academics and policymakers, be they domestic to the African region or multinational practitioners"--

`The authors make excellent use of illustrative examples' - Reference Reviews. The SAGE Dictionary of Statistics provides students and researchers with an accessible and definitive resource to use when studying statistics in the social sciences, reading research reports and undertaking data analysis. Written by leading academics in the field of methodology and statistics, the Dictionary will be an essential study guide for the first-time researcher as well as a primary resource for more advanced study

In this paper, we introduce a recently developed methodology for assessing the assumption of causal homogeneity in a time series cross-section Granger framework. Following a description of the procedure and the analytical contexts for which it is appropriate, we implement this new approach to examine the transformation of the post-World War II party system in the South. Specifically, we analyze the causal relationship between black mobilization and GOP growth in the region. We find that black mobilization Granger caused Republican growth throughout the South, whereas Republican growth Granger caused black mobilization only in the deep South. We discuss the substantive significance of our results and conclude with guidelines for the appropriate use of this procedure and suggestions for future extensions of the method.

Summary presents a methodology that integrates internal and external variables, at three stages, which determine the viability of an Elécrica energy generation project, based on biogas collected from the final disposal site (SDF) of the municipality of Pachuca, Hidalgo. First, the SDF is analysed at technical and financial level, with a projection of 20 years, with and without carbon certificates, making the project viable. The second (regional) stage determines that the most impactful variables are municipal management times, legal and social aspects and awareness raising among actors. The third level (macro atmosphere) considers that the price of carbon certificates, federal supports and environmental aspects allows the project to be projected for municipal management. The variables that have the greatest impact on the project are: municipal experts, awareness raising among political actors and affected population, as well as advice from experts on the subject associating the variables as a comprehensive project. ; Resumen Se presenta una metodología que integra variables internas y externas, en tres estadios, que determinan la viabilidad de un proyecto de generación de energía elécrica, a partir del biogás captado del sitio de disposición final (SDF) del municipio de Pachuca, Hidalgo. Primero, se analiza el SDF a nivel técnico-financiero, con una proyección de 20 años, con y sin certificados de carbono, resultando viable el proyecto. El segundo estadio (regional) determina que las variables que más impactan son los tiempos de gestión municipal, los aspectos legales y sociales y la sensibilización de actores. El tercer nivel (ambiente macro) considera que el precio de certificados de carbono, apoyos federales y aspectos ambientales permiten que el proyecto tenga proyección para la gestión municipal. Las variables que más impactan al proyecto son: periódos municipales, sensibilización de actores políticos y población afectada, así como la asesoría de expertos en la materia que asocien las variables como un ...

Book I : Its relationship to Adam Smith's full moral philosophical vision : an inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations / Jerry Evensky -- In whose image? Sergius Bulgakov's account of the history of economics / Yuri G. Tulupenko -- Interwar monetary and business cycle theory : macroeconomics before Keynes / Robert W. Dimand -- Rethinking methodology / Drucilla K. Barker -- Toward a future of social-economic thought and methodology without rules? / Milan Zafirovski -- The end of rule-based methodology? / Geoffrey M. Hodgson -- Hands's reflection without rules : economic methodology and contemporary science theory / Esther-Mirjam Sent -- Pluralism, optimism, and pragmatism in economic methodology / James R. Wible -- Palimpsest and the new methodology / Stephen T. Ziliak -- Economic methodology and the many facets of contemporary science theory / Andrea Salanti -- Economics and religion : a troubling interface / Melvin W. Reder -- Is economics a religion? / Ross Emmett -- The life and thought of Thorstein Veblen : a reinterpretation / Edythe S. Miller -- Edgell's revised view of Veblen / William Waller -- Sublunary clockmakers / Kevin D. Hoover -- Relocating Jean-Baptiste say, and in so doing reconstructing Smith? / Willie Henderson -- A religious challenge to both orthodox and heterodox economics / Daniel Rush Finn -- Mis-reading modern economics / Stanley Bober -- For a master of ecological economics / Michael Perelman -- Valuable accounts / Shaun P. Hargreaves Heap -- Ebenstein's Hayek / D.E. Moggridge -- Reclaiming institutional evolution / Geoffrey M. Hodgson -- Freedom to exchange and the rhetoric of economic correctness / Stephen T. Ziliak -- On mill and liberty / Steven Pressman -- The ubiquity of exchange : spiritualism or fact? / Geoffrey M. Hodgson -- Philosophy and economic theory / Paul R. Diesing -- Presidential rhetoric and the great depression / William J. Barber -- John Maurice Clark and Frank H. Knight on marginal productivity theory : a note with some unpublished correspondence / Luca Fiorito -- The correspondence / Frank H. Knight -- Waging war against mechanical man : the Knight-Copeland controversy over behaviorism in economics / Pier Francesco Asso, Luca Fiorito

We evaluate two diagnostic tools used to determine if counterfactual analysis requires extrapolation. Counterfactuals based on extrapolation are model dependent and might not support empirically valid inferences. The diagnostics help researchers identify those counterfactual "what if" questions that are empirically plausible. We show, through simple Monte Carlo experiments, that these diagnostics will often detect extrapolation, suggesting that there is a risk of biased counterfactual inference when there is no such risk of extrapolation bias in the data. This is because the diagnostics are affected by what we call the n/k problem: as the number of data points relative to the number of explanatory variables decreases, the diagnostics are more likely to detect the risk of extrapolation bias even when such risk does not exist. We conclude that the diagnostics provide too severe a test for many data sets used in political science.

Standard estimation procedures assume that empirical observations are accurate reflections of the true values of the dependent variable, but this assumption is dubious when modeling self-reported data on sensitive topics. List experiments (a.k.a. item count techniques) can nullify incentives for respondents to misrepresent themselves to interviewers, but current data analysis techniques are limited to difference-in-means tests. I present a revised procedure and statistical estimator called LISTIT that enable multivariate modeling of list experiment data. Monte Carlo simulations and a field test in Lebanon explore the behavior of this estimator.