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"Serial no. 108-54, Committee on Homeland Security." ; "Serial no. 108-285, Committee on Government Reform." ; Shipping list no.: 2005-0126-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This article examines the main social security programs, narrowly defined to include income maintenance for the aged & health care, in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, & Thailand, & reveals the large degree to which the statutory programs depend on private provision, particularly private financing. It further shows that efforts are underway to reduce, or at least to arrest the expansion of role of the state by a corresponding expansion in the role of private provision & financing. The expansion of social security for the aged in Thailand is an exception in this regard. I conclude that both inefficiency & inequity have been promoted. 2 Tables, 1 Figure, 34 References. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractThis Policy Arena examines the consensus, controversies and some conceptual gaps associated with how policy approaches environmentally induced migration and human security concerns associated with individuals displaced as a result of climatic variability. This introductory paper discusses the theme from a historical approach to policy analysis of the subject by looking at three main areas of policy concern. The trilogy of discord are related to first, the absence of recognised definition of this phenomenon; second, the disagreement over the number of environmental migrants; and third, the diverse legal perspectives. It is not a coincidence that these traditional three thematic issues should remain controversial as they each relate to one another; with no recognised definitions, no precise criterions can be set out to calculate the number of environmental migrants, and consequently, no rigorous legal framework can be implemented to deal with environmentally induced migration. Although recent research projects led by governments and international organisations have chosen to move beyond the question of terminology by providing crucial data on the topic, there is the need to arrive at some internationally recognised consensus on the three core issues linked to the topic of environmental migration in order to legitimise the field. Such a step will also facilitate policy efforts at addressing environmental migration at the national and international levels. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This article explains changes in Turkey's security perceptions after the current ruling party, the AKP, came to power. It focuses on how Turkey tried to change the structure of conflictual relations with countries it has long viewed as sources of threat. Focusing on Syria, especially, the article delineates economic tools for conflict reduction and regional integration employed by Turkey and analyzes the challenges and main obstacles that the Turkish government has faced, especially after the Arab spring upheavals. The article then devotes attention to Turkey's military modernization efforts launched to cope with the new threat environment and from there moves on to elaborate on the effect of security policy preferences and design on Turkish security-related resource allocation since the early 2000s. The intermingled nature of internal and external security policies calls for broadening the context of the economic aspects of security to include police, gendarmerie, and coast guard services along with the military. Descriptive analysis of on-budget components and off-budget facilities shed light on Turkey's recent position in the international arena as an important military spender and arms importer.

Abstract
Developing powers are able to influence the evolution of the liberal order. In their multilateral engagements, they can employ a variety of foreign policy and negotiation strategies, voice their preferences and strengthen their bargaining power. This study examines how developing powers interact with the principles and norms of multilateral regimes. It analyzes Brazil's behavior and negotiation power in the climate change and peace and security regimes. More specifically, it focuses on two concepts recently asserted by Brazil: 'concentric circles' and 'responsibility while protecting.' While the former addresses the division of responsibilities in the climate change realm, the latter approaches the norm of responsibility to protect. A comparative analysis is conducted with respect to three explanatory indicators, two domestic and one structural. One of the conclusions is that Brazil has behaved in such a way as to uphold a legalistic stance towards the global order.

Part I -- small-state theory: reviewing the state of the art, Communis Opinio, and beyond -- The power (politics) of the weak revisited: realism and the study of small-state foreign policy / Revecca Pedi and Anders Wivel -- A theory of shelter: small-state behaviour in international relations / Baldur Thorhallsson and Sverrir Steinsson -- The graded agency of small states / Iver B. Neumann -- Part II -- agency: the art of being governed by one's own interests -- Forever small? a Longue Durée perspective on Luxembourg's extantism, governance, and security / Thomas Kolnberger -- Security in the Spanish Philippines (1565-1821): shelter-seeking and secularization in an early modern colony / Eberhard Crailsheim -- Negotiating smallness in three regional contexts: Belize within Central America, the Caribbean, and neighbouring Mexico / Edith Kauffer -- What is a small-state security policy? 'Transpolitical propagation' in the case of Luxembourg, Singapore, and Lithuania / Antony Dabila and Thibault Fouillet -- Part III -- security: defining and engaging threats -- Small states in the Pacific: sovereignty, vulnerability, and regionalism / Charles Hawksley and Nichole Georgeou -- Security and secularization in the Pacific Islands: from great-power competition to climate change and back again / George Carter and Jack Corbett -- Cape Verde and the defence and security challenges in the Atlantic corridor: the case of the approach to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) / Odair Barros-Varela -- Let's forget that Slovakia is small: GLOBSEC, status-seeking, and agency in informal elite networks / Alexander Graef -- Part IV -- governance: interactions between domestic and international norms, rules, and action -- The rise of 'democracy' in Luxembourg's second world war government in exile: agency and leadership at a critical juncture of Luxembourg's small-state foreign policy / André Linden -- Between formal and informal democracy: how the domestic politics of small states influences their security policies / Wouter Veenendaal -- African small island developing states (ASIDS) and good international citizenship / Suzanne E. Graham and Marcel F. Nagar -- Conclusion: insecurity of their own making? a comparative policy coherence for sustainable development analysis of small-state governance / Harlan Koff.

The U.S. national military hires private security companies (PSCs) to operate in zones of conflict. This article introduces the concept of a legitimacy transfer mechanism to answer the question of how nonnational providers of military support can be considered legitimate actors in areas of conflict. PSCs borrow legitimacy from the state that contracts the firm. Private firms do not operate alone; they are hired and, at least marginally, directed by a state. By using the established legitimacy of industrialized states these firms are able to find legitimacy in Western security culture. To maintain future business, private security is forced to obey the security culture of the hiring state. More so, the firm will mimic the goals and policy of the hiring state in an attempt to build its own, independent, sense of legitimacy.