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"This handbook builds a shared understanding of the troubling politics of philanthropy and the disturbing history and practices of humanitarianism. While historical work on philanthropy has long suggested a link between imperial rule and humanitarian aid, these insights have only recently been brought to bear on contemporary forms of giving. In this book, contributors link the long history of colonial philanthropy to current foundations and their programs in education, health, migrant care and other social initiatives. They argue that humanitarianism not only alleviates the inequalities wrought by global capitalism to allow for the secure and efficient functioning of the market, but humanitarianism also performs and consolidates liberal market rationalities around efficiency, expansion and increasingly neoliberal entrepreneurialism. Philanthropy and humanitarianism share a history, growing together out of modernist socio-economic relations and modes of imperial rule. However, the histories and contemporary politics of the two have not been brought together with such breadth or under such a critical lens before. Discussing philanthropy and humanitarianism together, combining both historical scope and contemporary iterations, highlights continuities and convergences-making the volume a unique introduction and critical overview of critical work in these sister-fields"--

"This handbook builds a shared understanding of the troubling politics of philanthropy and the disturbing history and practices of humanitarianism. While historical work on philanthropy has long suggested a link between imperial rule and humanitarian aid, these insights have only recently been brought to bear on contemporary forms of giving. In this book, contributors link the long history of colonial philanthropy to current foundations and their programs in education, health, migrant care and other social initiatives. They argue that humanitarianism not only alleviates the inequalities wrought by global capitalism to allow for the secure and efficient functioning of the market, but humanitarianism also performs and consolidates liberal market rationalities around efficiency, expansion and increasingly neoliberal entrepreneurialism. Philanthropy and humanitarianism share a history, growing together out of modernist socio-economic relations and modes of imperial rule. However, the histories and contemporary politics of the two have not been brought together with such breadth or under such a critical lens before. Discussing philanthropy and humanitarianism together, combining both historical scope and contemporary iterations, highlights continuities and convergences-making the volume a unique introduction and critical overview of critical work in these sister-fields"--

Notes on contributors -- Introduction : the veil across the globe in politics, everyday life, and fashion / Anna-Mari Almila -- Politics -- Neoliberalization and homo islameconomicus : the politics of women's veiling in Turkey / Yildiz Atasoy -- Discourses of veiling and the precarity of choice : representations in post-9/11 US / Tabassum F. Ruby -- Wearing a veil in the french context of Laïcité / Anne Fornerod -- 2007/8 : the winter of the veiled women in Israel / Tamar Elor -- Veiling narratives : discourses of multiculturalism, acceptability and citizenship in Canada / Shelina Kassam and Naheed Mustafa -- Veiling and unveiling in Central Asia : beliefs and practices, tradition and modernity / Marianne Kamp and Noor Borbieva -- From politics to fashion -- Iran's compulsory hijab : from politics and religious authority to fashion shows / Faegheh Shirazi -- The fashions and politics of facial hair in Turkey : the case of Islamic men / Nazli Alimen -- Representing the veil in contemporary Australian media : from "ban the burqa" to "hijabi" bloggers / Branka Prodanovic and Susie Khamis -- Fashion and anti-fashion -- Modest fashion and anti-fashion / Reina Lewis -- Veiling, fashion and the (per)formative role of dress in Niger / Adeline Masquelier -- The "discipline of the veil" among converts to Islam in France and Quebec : framing gender and expressing femininity / Géraldine Mossière -- Muslim youth practicing veiling in Berlin : modernity, morality and aesthetics / Synnøve Bendixsen -- Fashioning selves : biographic pathways of hijabi women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Gisele Fonseca Chagas and Solange Riva Mezabarba -- Industries, images, materialities -- Culture industries and marketplace dynamics / Özlem Sandikci -- Images of desire : creating virtue and value in an Indonesian Islamic lifestyle magazine / Carla Jones -- Smart-ening up the hijab : the materiality of contemporary British muslim veiling in the physical and the digital / Shehnaz Suterwalla -- Gender, space, community -- Veiling, gender and space : on the fluidity of "public" and "private" / Anna-Mari Almila -- Spacialised veiling and a critique of the public/private dichotomy : a view from a town in north India / Janaki Abraham -- Hui women and the headscarf in China / Xiaoyan Wang -- Constructions and reconstructions of "appropriate dress" in the diaspora : young somali women and social control in finland / Anu Isotalo -- Cover their face : masks, masking, and masquerades in historical-anthropological context / David Inglis -- The Amish prayer cap as a symbol that bounds the community / Jana M. Hawley -- Veiling studies and globalization studies / David Inglis and Anna-Mari Almila

This contribution aims to develop a case study about the relationship between law and politics concerned to the Law of the Sea. The research posses the following objectives: from (i) a theoretical framework of the international relations, envisoning the relations between law and international politics; (ii) to analyse the historical development of the international regime for the Law of the Sea as a case study.

Using archival collections and published primary sources, this dissertation offers a bottom-up, social historical perspective on how several international human rights non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the United States during the Cold War--the International League for the Rights of Man, Amnesty International USA (AIUSA), Americas Watch and Helsinki Watch--formed a transnational advocacy network that exposed abuses and shamed governments into ending them. It finds that a small circle of rooted cosmopolitans--a term used by Sidney Tarrow to describe "outsiders inside/insiders outside"--was responsible for the emergence of a movement during the mid-1970s that was centered in New York, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C. The activists profiled here were not the powerful, but neither were they the powerless. They tended to be highly-educated professionals who were drawn into activism after their moral sensibilities had been greatly offended. The emotional connections that formed between activists and victims thus arose within the historical context of intensifying market relations in this contemporary era of globalization. But why the spectacle of distant suffering drove some people to devote themselves to advancing the cause of human rights can be answered only in deeply personal terms. Biography is crucial to understanding how this transformation occurred for them: religious beliefs, a long-held cultural interest, a friend who experienced political repression and symbolized the plight of an entire country, previous work on domestic civil liberties, or their own victimization. Their worldview was based on a far-reaching conception of one's ethical responsibilities. As Kwame Anthony Appiah has argued, lives are given value by the identities that shape them--the philosophical basis of a cosmopolitanism that is premised upon "kindness to strangers." Activists proceeded in a similar path from an abstract notion of the rights-bearing individual to immersing themselves in the lived experiences of prisoners, dissidents, and other persecuted individuals they may have never actually met in person. Lacking the authority of state actors, activists had to act as moral entrepreneurs. Their social value was providing elites with information. The researchers who gathered the material for the reports published by Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch became experts who were called to testify before Congress. Journalists quoted their findings to counter or corroborate the official version of events. NGOs also developed legal expertise that they used to expand the reach of international human rights law. As this subfield became more widely taught at law schools, some of which established programs dedicated to it, a generation of lawyer-activists took the international human rights movement in a new, more litigious direction. Publicity was just as important. It was easier to mobilize public opinion against repressive governments if the victims were well known; even better if activists became part of the story. By reaffirming their accuracy and objectivity, activists could gain the trust of reliable donors, philanthropic foundations, wealthy benefactors, and celebrities, all of whom became important sources of income that enabled their NGOs to expand during the last three decades of the twentieth century.

English As informed by critical theory's attention to voice and power relations, this article explores international social work as an emerging discourse body. In particular, the legacy of colonialism and professional imperialism to current paradigms for international social work exchanges is explored. French Informé par l'attention de la théorie critique aux relations de pouvoir et l'importance accordée à la voix, cet article explore le travail social international comme discours naissant. En particulier, l'article explore l'impact du colonialisme et de l'impérialisme professionnel sur des paradigmes contemporains des échanges en travail social international. Spanish Siguiendo la atención prestada por la teoría crítica a la voz y las relaciones de poder, este artículo explora el trabajo social internacional como un corpus de discurso naciente. En concreto, se explora la herencia del colonialismo y el imperialismo profesional que puede observarse en los paradigmas actuales de trabajo social internacional.