Suchergebnisse

Academic leaders in higher education must increasingly deal with demands from stakeholders such asstudents, parents, and government at the same time that they are held accountable for the curriculumand student learning environment (Newman, Couturier & Scurry, 2004; Smith, 2004). In addition, newtypes of higher education institutions, i.e. the for-profit schools, purport to be more agile in respondingto the needs of these various constituencies, putting more pressure on the traditional colleges anduniversities to react more quickly. Gone are the days of unhurried deliberations and incrementalchanges that could take years to institute. The loosely coupled organizational nature of traditionalcolleges and universities results in a lack of authority for the very individuals who are responsible for thecurriculum and learning environment at the school and department level, the deans and academicchairs (Glassman, 1973; Weick, 1978). Faculty, whose role is to develop curriculum and teach in theclassroom, tend to be reluctant change agents and typically prefer that the Chair keep the business ofthe department running as usual. This makes gaining faculty support for the necessary responses tochanging student needs both crucial and difficult.

This chapter provides a conceptual and empirical context for the case studies in Chapters 3 through 12. First, we briefly discuss the nature of market failures in agricultural research—both among firms within a country, and among nations—and the roles for government intervention in general. Next, we consider the distinguishing features of less-developed countries and what they might imply for R&D policy. We also discuss the important role of agricultural R&D and technology spillovers among nations, and the past dependence of the world's poorest countries on their richer neighbors. Next, we document the longer-term global story of institutions and investments in agricultural R&D, emphasizing the great importance of past achievements in agriculture and recent changes that leave grounds for concern about the prospects for the next 20 years and beyond. In the light of these facts, we contemplate the prospects for the future and the implied need to reinvent international collective action in agricultural R&D and reinvest in the associated global public goods institutions. ; PR ; IFPRI1; Pro-poor science and technology policies; Public Policy and Investment ; ISNAR

The University of Connecticut's Canadian Studies, the Roper Center, and the University of Toronto's Robarts Library were awarded a small grant to develop a set of finding aids to unlock the Canadian opinion archives for the purpose of strengthening Canadian Studies Programs in both Canada and the United States. The Canadian Embassy funded the pilot project, the result of which is Canadian iPOLL (CPOLL). This paper discusses the decision-making and collaboration in creating this resource. The design of CPOLL is built upon experiences garnered from two other Roper Center databases: iPOLL (U.S. opinion data) and JPOLL (Japanese opinion data). Collaboration with Canadian data experts assured understanding of cultural nuances, political processes, and the nature of data collection in Canada. The paper addresses efforts to assure consistency in the development of metadata, including coding of topics of coverage, and the decisions involving the selection process, from time period for inclusion to assuring a broad set of sources. Finally, this paper explores the lessons learned from this endeavor and implications for further facilitating cross-national opinion research and creating multiple country databases in the future.

Bosnia and Herzegovina is known as migratory dynamic state. Causes for this migration are mainly of political and economical nature. Intensity of migration through Bosnia and Herzegovina in second half of the 19th century and throughout 20th century was cicely intensifying at almost regular time intervals and was caused mainly with political, but also with economical factors. This paper is intended to examine migration streaming in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the last decade of 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. It examines the forced migration generated by war that was raging in the state in the period of 1992-1995, as well as the post-war migration caused by economical and political factors, but it also examines the return of displaced people to their homes after the war ending. By using all available domestic and foreign written sources in this field, authors will give consideration to entire series of questions that are intruding into these issues. Analysis of the consequences of former migration flows and probability of their reduction, that is, defining the vision of the state in these new conditions, certainly dominates this paper among all other things.

Most of the poetry written by Luis Felipe Vivanco is characterised by its intimate reflection on a deeply personal reality focused on daily, familiar, religious and nature related issues. The aesthetics and style of his work were defined by the poet himself as «transcendental innermost realism». Despite this, Prosas propicias, his last work —posthumously published— contemplates the social and political reality in the last years of Franco's dictatorship. This is a novelty in Vivanco´s poetry. The study of his new field is precisely the objective of this article. ; La mayor parte de la obra poética de Luis Felipe Vivanco se caracteriza por su reflexión intimista sobre una realidad hondamente personal centrada en lo cotidiano, lo familiar, lo religioso y la naturaleza, con una estética y estilo que el propio poeta denominó «realismo intimista trascendental». Sin embargo, en Prosas propicias, su última obra publicada póstumamente, reflexiona también sobre la realidad social y política de los últimos años de la dictadura franquista, lo que sin duda es algo novedoso en su poesía. El estudio de este nuevo ámbito temático es precisamente el objetivo de este artículo.

This article explains how a project being implemented in peri-urban central Africa is coordinated from an office in Brussels. After an overview that addresses the conceptual challenges of defining 'peri-urban' and the question of why these social spaces are important from a development perspective, the article outlines 'remote control research' step-by-step: (1) conceptualization, (2) identification and recruitment of local experts, (3) selection of research sites, (4) the process of formulating a locally appropriate and detailed research protocol, (5) implementation and (6) analysis of findings and presentation of results. The conclusion argues that research in central Africa will increasingly be influenced by donor priorities and will consequently need to respect the guidelines dictated by project cycle management strategies currently in vogue. The steps in the project cycle reflect the nature of the relationships between donors, researchers in the field and the intermediary project managers that link the two extremes. Accommodating the worldviews, expectations and constraints of these actors is something that, although not always easy, is possible when the right blend of conditions is respected. Adapted from the source document.

The concluding chapter of a special issue on, Varieties of Regulatory Capitalism, emphasizes the need to move beyond a focus on telecommunications & electricity to explore characteristics of the new order. Studies on regulation as a mode of governance are reviewed. John Braithwaite & Peter Drahos ambitious project, Global Business Regulation (2000), explores the globalization of regulation & the creation of international regimes in such sectors as property rights, labor standards, & nuclear safeguards. The Government of Risk (2001), by C. Hood, H. Rothstein, & R. Baldwin, explores nine risk-regulation regimes in Britain while Steven K. Vogels, Freer Markets, More Rules (996), focuses on the cross-national level. All three books attempt to balance in-depth study with general conclusions. Other issues discussed include the transformation of governance & the nature of regulatory capitalism; the question of whether regulatory capitalism represents social/democratic progress or retreat; globalization as a diffusion process; & recognition of the importance of both the diversity of regulatory arrangements & the notion of regulatory regime as a tool of analysis. Tables, References. J. Lindroth

AbstractThis is a critical overview of the anthropology of Chinese kinship focusing on the twentieth-century Euro-American literature. I first deal with the less well-known early literature of the period before the foundation and closure of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. I then show how the thematic and theoretical heterogeneity of this early literature was superseded during the 1960s and 1970s by a powerful but reductive paradigmatic lineage model of Chinese kinship and society, largely derived from documentary-based studies of lineage organisation in the late imperial period and consolidated through field research in Hong Kong and Taiwan. Inspired by earlier critics of this lineage-model, tuned in to new anthropological trends in the field of kinship studies and triggered by the post-Mao opening of the PRC, the 1990s marked the beginning of a very heterogeneous cycle of renovation generated by new field research. Seen as a whole, this current cycle of renovation has been undertaking a revision of the older descent-centred comparative view of Chinese kinship and is giving important insights to current anthropological debates about the nature of human kinship.

Recent data on the UK balance of payments suggest that the deficit is deteriorating, and this may lead to downward pressure on the exchange rate. Of course some of the recent deterioration is due to temporary factors, such as the need for expensive gas imports and the inclusion of the estimated payment of insurance claims by Lloyd's of London due to Hurricane Katrina. However, there are some structural factors to look at. In this note we explore the effects of globalisation on UK trade and draw some conclusions for the UK economy. We first discuss European integration and its possible effects on trade, after which we look at changes in the world trading environment, both in terms of regulations and also in relation to technology. We then turn to estimating relationships for exports and imports. The level of exports and the degree of import penetration in the economy depend upon the level of world activity, the nature of the goods produced in the UK as compared to those demanded by consumers, the price competitiveness of UK products and the general trading environment facing the economy.

PurposeThe purpose of the current study is to examine the relationship between emotional display rules/job focused labor, work‐family interference (WFI) and burnout among a sample of workers in a Dutch governmental organization.Design/methodology/approachThe research is a cross‐sectional study of 174 workers from a Dutch governmental organization.FindingsEmotional display rules and job‐focused labor were related to burnout and psychosomatic complaints. More specifically, the need to hide negative emotions and engage in surface acting was related to negative outcomes. In addition, WFI partially mediated the relationship between the hiding of negative emotion/surface acting and burnout/psychosomatic complaints.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study is cross‐sectional and thus the postulated relationships cannot be interpreted causally.Practical implicationsIn terms of training and/or interventions, there is a need for the worksite to provide structured opportunities for employees to decompress from the emotional demanding aspects of their jobs.Originality/valueEmotional labor has been rarely examined as an antecedent of WFI. In addition, while emotional labor has been studied with individuals in the service sector, it has been rarely examined among individuals whose jobs are highly ceremonial in nature.

AbstractAnimal liberationists generally pay little attention to the suffering of animals in the wild, and it is arguable that this is a significant proportion of the total amount of animal suffering. We examine a range of different responses of animal liberationists to the issue of non-anthropogenic suffering, but find none of them entirely satisfactory. Responses that lead logically to the conclusion that anthropogenic suffering should be eliminated can apply equally logically to the suffering of animals in the wild. On the other hand, the solution of micro-managing habitats to prevent suffering is counter-intuitive, and on closer examination eliminates the intrinsic value of animals' lives. On balance, the approach that we favour is acceptance of the intrinsic value of individual animal lives, extending this from either individual human lives (as accepted predominantly by theists), or from biodiversity, species and ecosystems (as currently accepted by ecocentric philosophies). We also suggest that the combination of animal liberation and environmentalism only really makes sense in the context of a belief in the redeemable qualities of nature, as expressed in quasi-Hindu terms or in terms of some Biblical animal liberationist worldviews.

AbstractVan der Ploeg's 'styles of farming' approach attempts to explain the social nature of diversity in agriculture. For over 10 years we have attempted to apply this concept to a range of farming situations in Australia. This article reviews the issues posed by Vanclay et al. in 1998 and provides insight into what have been the developments in the concept of farming styles. We utilise the results of three studies in Australia: a study of farming styles in broadacre cropping and grazing farmers in the Riverina region of New South Wales; a study of grape growers in the Sunraysia district of Victoria and a separate study of grape growers across south‐eastern Australia. While this research was intended to validate the existence of styles and to provide evidence of the usefulness of the concept and its application in rural industries, we were unable to replicate or validate van der Ploeg's original conceptualisation and methodology. We conclude that farming styles are more of an intellectual construction than a social construction. Nevertheless, we believe that the concept of farming styles is a useful heuristic and a new framework for understanding farming styles is presented.

'Im Rückblick stellt die Entwicklung der Bevölkerungsforschung in Großbritannien eine spezifische Ambivalenz dar. Trotz der wegweisenden Beiträge zu Bevölkerungstheorie und demographischer Forschung durch Graunt, Petty, King, Malthus und Farr und trotz des bereits im frühen 19. Jahrhundert erkennbaren beträchtlichen Interesses, die Muster langfristigen Bevölkerungswandels zu erklären, begannen englische Historiker-Demographen erst Mitte der 1960er Jahre, neue Methoden anzuwenden, denen zwei Jahrzehnte zuvor in Frankreich der Weg gebahnt worden war. Erst mit der Schaffung der Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure wurde ein geeigneter institutioneller Rahmen bereit gestellt, um neue Forschungen in diesem Feld voran zu bringen. Der Artikel versucht diese offensichtliche Ambivalenz aufzulösen, indem er für den Zeitraum vom späten 19. Jahrhundert bis zu den frühen 1960er Jahren Umfang, Richtung und fachlichen Schwerpunkt der Forschung in einem Bereich analysiert, der heute als Historische Demographie (Historical Demography) betrachtet wird. Er konzentriert sich auf die Zunahme ausgewählter Forschungsaktivitäten zur historischen Entwicklung der Bevölkerung in Großbritannien (in erster Linie in England und Wales), betreffend ihre Bedeutung für gegenwärtige Bevölkerungstheorien und ihren Beitrag zur Analyse von Fertilität, Mortalität, Nuptialität und Migration. Besonderer Schwerpunkt wird auf das Ausmaß gelegt, zu welchem Qualität und Reichweite statistischer Quellen methodische Entwicklungen erzwangen, ferner auf die verspätete Wahrnehmung der Demographie als gesonderter akademischer Fachgegenstand, und auf die beherrschenden Interessen anderer Schlüsselfächer, speziell der Soziologie, Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, soweit diese ihre eigenen Forschungsagendas einzurichten suchten. Insofern spiegelten die Stärken und Schwächen der Arbeit über die Bevölkerungsgeschichte Großbritanniens vor der Mitte der 1960er Jahre den sich wandelnden Einfluss verschiedener Fachrichtungen, ihre jeweiligen Forschungsagendas und die spezifische Natur ihrer jeweiligen Möglichkeiten der finanziellen Ausstattung.' (Autorenreferat)