Suchergebnisse

The healthcare system is affected by massive migration of personnel, hence one third of the Albanian population leave abroad. The migration of healthcare personnel in Albania is becoming a phenomenon that might risk the stability of the healthcare system with it's upgrading intensity. It also contributes to lowering the quality of services rendered and at the same time reduces the necessary transfer of knowledge to the younger generations. According to the Order of Physicians of Albania, 170 Medical doctors from 2009 until 2014 have asked for certificate of "Good standing" in order to apply for a job abroad. Qualitative research performed during last year, outlines and frames the problems and causes for the migration in five basic categories: economic, professional, political, personal and social factors for migration, including questions concerning the index of satisfaction for the profession. In order to respond to the objective of the study, a qualitative approach through focus groups with experienced and young professional was considered. The aim of this paper is to understand the "push" factors which affect the mobility of Albanian healthcare personnel. The need for higher income and professional development are the main causes of migration of healthcare workers in Albania in the past several years. Doctors are exposed to threats, verbal and physical attacks and generally do not feel safe at their workplace as consequence job satisfaction is reduced. DOI:10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n2s2p160

The insistence on the fact that human rights and the rights of man (codified in The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, respectively) are not one and the same, which could be deduced from the notion of man common to both terms, is the key thesis of this text. By developing this motive, I try to determine the following: that the notion of man, by definition inclusive and abstractly non-discriminative term, is in fact established on tacit exclusions in the time of its inception (Enlightenment revolutinary era), and it was only upon these exclusions that the term man could have signified "the free and equal". Although the parallel or simultaneous evolution and implementation of the rights of man and national rights might seem contradictory, I seek to demonstrate that this paradox is only ostensible, arguing that the notion of man is itself limited and exclusionary, and is therefore compatible with the exclusivity which is the conditio sine qua non of nation. The consequences of nationalism - World Wars, primarily - proved that the conception of liberty and equality, based on the conception of fraternity of men (white European males), and of partial democracy pretending to be universal, cannot be maintained any further. Codification of universal human rights represents a reaction to this internal discrepancy inasmuch as it is a reaction to the destructiveness of all kinds of nationalisms. The notion of life, developed in this text, corresponds to the fundamental requirement for the right to life (as the first and the most basic of all human rights), which no longer belongs to "man", but to everyone.

Introduction to Renaturation Ecology - Which habitat should be restored? Reference ecosystems for renaturation -- Measures for ecosystem renaturation -- Reintroduction of plant and animal species -- For dealing with non-native species in ecosystem renaturation -- Monitoring and success control -- Forests -- Moors -- Subalpine and alpine grasslands -- Running waters -- Natural and anthropogenic still waters - Ecosystems and types of use influenced by salt - Marine habitats in the North Sea and Baltic Sea - Heath in the lowlands and mountains - Meadows and pastures in mesophilic, moist and calcareous locations - Lean or dry sand grasslands of the coasts and des Inland areas - Fields - Traditional agroforestry systems - Urban ecosystems - Mining or open pit sites and landfills.

The acquisition, through the Treaty of Lisbon, of the exclusive competence in the negotiation of trade and investment agreements , binding all European Union member states, represents a significant change in the role of the European Union as a global actor. The relationship between human rights and foreign direct investment is a search for the densification of the cosmopolitan ideal of human dignity in the reality of twentyfirst century. Being regarded as an iconic figure for the defense and promotion of human rights around the world, the EU project has the objective to be a key reference in a field where critics arise between the evidences of the existence of an international model that active and passively contributes to the perpetration of human rights violations and the violation of the national sovereignty of the states involved. It is the main purpose of this thesis to assess the evolution of the legal mechanism of international investment treaties in the European Union. A particular focus will be given on newly acquired tools taking into account the concatenation to human rights, international obligations of the European Union and its Member States and the academic and political debate of the fragmentation of international law. We propose a comparison of the international commitments of the European Union with the respect of human rights in the latter´s foreign policy, and the thesis of the "Normative Power Europe" in all its settings by analyzing the pattern of human rights promoted within and outside the Union European. To accomplish this goal we will analyze the new International Investment Agreement model of the European Union and its impact assessment and accountability tools on human rights through the lens of international premises and European respect for human rights, highlighting possible future steps for the EU´s common commercial policy. ; A aquisição, por meio do Tratado de Lisboa, da competência exclusiva na negociação de tratados de comércio e investimento, comprometendo todos os Estados membros da União Europeia, representa uma mudança relevante no papel da União Europeia enquanto ator global. A relação entre os direitos humanos e o investimento directo estrangeiro representa uma busca para a densificação do ideal cosmopolita da dignidade humana na realidade do século XXI. Sendo considerado como uma referência para a defesa e promoção dos direitos humanos em todo o mundo, o projecto da União Europeia apresenta o objectivo de ser uma referência chave num campo onde as críticas surgem entre as evidências da existência de um modelo internacional que, ativa e passivamente, contribui para a perpetração de violações dos direitos humanos e em violação da soberania nacional dos Estados envolvidos. Constitui intuito principal da presente dissertação a avaliação da evolução do mecanismo jurídico dos tratados internacionais de investimento na União Europeia, atribuindo um foco particular sobre as ferramentas recém-adquiridas, tomando em consideração a sua concatenação com os direitos humanos, as obrigações internacionais da União Europeia e seus Estados Membros neste domínio e o debate académico e político sobre a fragmentação do direito Internacional. Propomos confrontar os compromissos internacionais da União Europeia com o respeito e efectividade dos direitos humanos na sua política externa à luz da tese do "Poder Normativo Europeu" em todas as suas configurações, analisando o padrão de respeito dos Direitos Humanos promovido dentro e fora da União Europeia. Para cumprir tal objetivo iremos analisar o novo modelo de Acordo de Investimento Internacional da União Europeia e respectivas ferramentas de avaliação de impacto e responsabilização sobre os direitos humanos através da lente das obrigações internacionais e Europeias de respeito dos direitos humanos, evidenciando as possíveis etapas futuras da política comercial comum.