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The author reviews the findings of a recent research project on foreign-returned intellectuals on university campuses in Shanghai. The study was carried out in November 1988 in co-operation with Fudan University. She focuses on the participation of women in programmes for study abroad and the knowledge emphases of scholars going abroad and returning, with special reference to the experience of those in the humanities and social sciences. The influence of these intellectuals and students on the democracy movement is briefly discussed. (DÜI-Sen)

Verstärkter internationaler Einfluß auf das Verhältnis von Libanon und Syrien. Isolierung Syriens durch wachsenden Einfluß des Irak. Kontrolle der Hisbollah durch Syrien immer schwieriger. Auseinandersetzungen innerhalb der christlichen und arabischen Volksgruppen. Syriens Beziehungen zur Amal-Miliz. (DÜI-Seu)

THE ARTICLE IS A CRITIQUE OF BOWLES' AND GINTIS' THEORY OF "CONTESTED EXCHANGE." THE AUTHOR POINTS OUT SEVERAL FLAWS IN THEIR THEORY WHICH, HE ARGUES, MAKE FOR AN "ASTRONOMICAL GAP" BETWEEN THE GRAND CONTESTED-EXCHANGE THEORY AND THE FRAGMENTS OF PARTS OF SUCH A THEORY WHICH ARE ACTUALLY AT HAND. FLAWS OF THE THEORY INCLUDE: AN OVEREMPHASIS ON THE ANALOGY AND INTERCONNECTEDNESS BETWEEN THE LABOR AND CREDIT MARKETS, AND AN OVERALL SKETCHY OUTLINE THAT DOES NOT ACTUALLY CONSTITUTE A THEORY.

IN A TRUE DEMOCRACY, THE TENSION BETWEEN UNITY AND DIFFERENCE OF CITIZENS IS UNRESOLVABLE -- AS THE AUTHOR SAYS IT SHOULD BE. SHE CONTENDS THAT THE MOST FERTILE TERRAIN FOR CONSTRUCTING PROGRESSIVE POLITICS IS THAT OF A RADICAL DEMOCRACY THAT RECOGNIZES THE CENTRALITY OF DIFFERENCE AND CONTESTATION TO POLITICAL LIFE. SHE EXPLORES SCHMITT'S DEMOCRATIC ANTI-LIBERALISM AS WELL AS KANT AND THE COMMON GOOD. THE CONCLUSION IS THAT THE VERY EXISTENCE OF MODERN DEMOCRACY FORBIDS THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS FULL REALIZATION.

THE AUTHOR SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND THE TYPES OF NATIONALISM THAT ARE FLOURISHING IN SOME OF THE POST-COMMUNIST STATES. HE SUGGESTS THAT THE OPPRESSIVE VARIETIES OF NATIONALISM TYPICALLY REVEAL A PHOBIA RELATED TO A FEARED "THEFT OF ENJOYMENT." WHILE THE WESTERN PUBLIC COULD VICARIOUSLY RELISH THE REVOLUTIONS OF 1989, SEEING VINDICATION AND REJUVENATION IN THEM, THE CITIZENS OF THE POST-COMMUNIST STATES REMAIN AT A TANTALIZING DISTANCE FROM CONSUMERIST COSMOPOLITANISM AND TOO OFTEN CONSOLE THEMSELVES WITH IDENTARIAN INTOXICATION AND INTOLERANCE.

THE ISSUE OF THE BASIC COGNITIVE FUNCTION MARKETS ARE EXPECTED TO PROVIDE IS DECISIVE FOR THE QUESTION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF VARIOUS VERSIONS OF MARKET SOCIALISM. IN THIS PAPER, THE AUTHOR DESCRIBES AND CONTRASTS THREE INTERPRETATIONS OF THE COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF MARKETS--COMPUTATION, INCENTIVES, AND DISCOVERY. HE EXAMINES TWO TYPES OF MARKET SOCIALISM IN TERMS OF THESE APPROACHES. DEPENDING ON HOW THE BASIC COGNITIVE ROLE OF MARKETS IS INTERPRETED, VERY DIFFERENT JUDGMENTS ARE POSSIBLE ON THE FEASIBILITY OF MARKET SOCIALISM.

In this article the author presents the aggregate study of Puerto Rican money income distributions for single persons in 1949 and 1959, and for families in 1959, 1969, and 1979. He evaluates the data produced in those years for the Gini coefficient, computed via both trapezoidal approximations and ordinary least squares, the coefficient of variation, the standard deviation of logs of income and the Williams index. Interpretations of the results in the light of findings from the multiple regression model are also assessed

Negotiations are currently underway on a new military bases agreement between the USA and the Philippines. The present agreement, which expires in 1991, was originally signed in 1947. The author believes that an examination of how the USA secured base rights some four decades ago provides many insights into the current U.S. effort to obtain a new agreement. He looks at the background of the U.S.-Philippine military bases agreement of 1947 - and briefly discusses current negotiations between them. (DÜI-Sen)