Suchergebnisse

The position of small and medium size countries in international context has been studied. The main criteria of power in international relation is still the military and economic force, despite the fact that the size and resources of a country is not equivalent to its actual international influence. With the imposition of Vilsonian principles and with the creation of UN, the position of small and medium size countries has been somehow improved. It becomes even more favorable in the context of a well defined State coalition, which provides with some additional instruments of power. The European Union is the best example of a coalition providing a good framework for small and medium countries. In this article, six specifics mechanisms providing additional influence to small and medium size countries of the EU have been identified. They include the specificity of the EU legal system, decision making, the functioning of the EU bodies, the process of 'europeisation' etc.

AbstractActs of international organizations often reflect developments in international law. Therefore, they could contribute to the evolutive interpretation of treaty texts if it were not for Article 31 VCLT, which embraces extraneous material for interpretative purposes but strongly focuses on the parties' acceptance of the material's interpretive value. The analysis of national and international case law shows that acts of international organizations are very rarely mentioned in the context of treaty interpretation and very little use is made of the opportunity to establish the ordinary meanings of technical treaty terms through such acts. The organizations' most important interpretive role lies in the self-application of their constituent instruments, and even then, only with respect to so-called 'household matters' concerning each organization's own procedures and competences. In contrast, the functional authority of organizations concerning the interpretation of the 'constitutional' rights and obligations of their Member States requires the latter's broad acceptance. With regard to treaties other than constituent instruments, the analysed case law illustrates that domestic and international courts continue to demonstrate great reluctance in using the acts of international organizations in their interpretive processes and, when they do, they do so in a faltering manner.

La XXIIIe Conference internationale de la Croix-Rouge,reconnaissant la haute signification que revêtent pour la Croix-Rouge les Conventions de Genève de 1949 et leurs Protocoles additionnels,soulignant l'attachement de la Croix-Rouge aux Principes fondamentaux adoptés par la XXe Conférence internationale de la Croix-Rouge (Vienne, 1965),

Nowadays, warfare is characterized by a huge intensity of fight, large investment in military technology that led to new ways of combat and increased its visibility. While the changing strategic, social and cultural features of this environment have forced governments and armies to add new fight strategies including public diplomacy, the public diplomacy itself transformed. Therefore, this article reviews current research in this field and presents a theoretical approach of the actual war. In this regard, the topic discussed is the battle between the Ukrainian and Russian military for image and legitimacy in the international public opinion. In the information age in which we live, the activities and capabilities of public diplomacy can have a significant impact on how people, organizations, and governments perceive this war. The purpose of the article is to examine the management of public diplomacy in the case of both actors involved in this war.

The history of the International North–South Transportation Corridor (INSTC) as well as its current formation has been analyzed through the prism of identifying Russian strategic interests and goals both in the Caspian region and in Eurasia as a whole. A hypothetical possibility of turning the INSTC into an alternative to the Suez Canal has been considered; the potential of other transport logistic projects (TRACECA, "Belt and Road Initiative", etc.) has been correlated with the INSTC. Main directions of the INSTC routes have been examined taking Russia's interests into account. In this context attention is paid to development of Russia's southern regions and its Caspian seaports in the framework of the INSTC. Russia's interaction with Iran and India, which are key participants of the INSTC, is taken into account. The prospects for the implementation of this project are identified also in terms of promoting the Eurasian integration process.