Suchergebnisse

The increasing dominance of neoliberalism as the key steering mechanism of the European Union (EU) since the early 1990s has implied the competitiveness-oriented reshaping of cohesion policy. The aim of this paper is to initiate a debate from a critical political economic perspective on the implications of this shift for Central Eastern European (CEE) member states. To this end, the paper discusses the formation of EU centre-periphery relations from a CEE point of view and formulates some preliminary suggestions as to how cohesion policy would need to be rethought in order to ensure the better integration of lagging CEE regions.

Most Americans and Europeans in opinion polls say that governments are doing a poor job of selecting wanted newcomers, preventing the entry and stay of unwanted foreigners, and integrating settled immigrants and their children. This seminar reviewed the evidence, asking about the economic and socio-political integration of low-skilled immigrants and their children. The context for links between immigration and integration is that most European nations have shrinking populations and extensive welfare states that provide support to the elderly and poor from the contributions of currently employed workers. If immigrants and their children add to employment, they can achieve the higher wages and more opportunities most sought inEuropeand help to preserve generous welfare states. However, if immigrants and their children are mostly jobless or out of the labor force, they may add burdens to welfare states.

"While most historians of the Vietnam War focus on the origins of U.S. involvement and the Americanization of the conflict, Lien-Hang T. Nguyen examines the international context in which North Vietnamese leaders pursued the war and American intervention ended. This riveting narrative takes the reader from the marshy swamps of the Mekong Delta to the bomb-saturated Red River Delta, from the corridors of power in Hanoi and Saigon to the Nixon White House, and from the peace negotiations in Paris to high-level meetings in Beijing and Moscow, all to reveal that peace never had a chance in Vietnam."--Publisher's description.

In Europe, love has been given a prominent place in European self-representations from the Enlightenment onwards. The category of love, stemming from private and personal spheres, was given a public function and used to distinguish European civilisation from others. Contributors to this volume trace historical links and analyse specific connections between the two discourses on love and Europe over the course of the twentieth century, exploring the distinctions made between the public and private, the political and personal. In doing so, this volume develops an innovative historiography that i

The authors in this collection of essays, first published in 2000, address the largely neglected but significant economic aspects of the national question in its historical context during the course of the twentieth century. There exists a large gap in our understanding of the historical relationship between the 'national question' and economic change. Above all, there is insufficient knowledge about the economic dimension of the historical experience with regard to the former multi-national states, such as the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia; and equally too little is known about the economic component of national tensions and conflicts in bilingual Belgium or Finland, or the multilingual Spain or Switzerland. At the same time as emphasis is placed on the complex relationships between the economy and society in individual European countries, questions of state, identity, language, religion and racism as instruments of economic furtherance are at the centre of the contributors' attention

THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO TAKE SOME OF THE FIRST STEPS IN A THEORY-CONSTRUCTION PROCESS. THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED MAINLY BY SYNTHESIZING SOME OF THE EXISTING BUILDING BLOCKS, WHICH ARE PRESENT ON THE THEORY MARKET. THE ARTICLE CONCLUDES WITH A PRELIMINARY THEORETICAL MACRO-MODEL WHICH PROVIDES SOME GUIDELINES FOR ANALYZING STATE'S INTEGRATION POLICIES.

Chhau, a traditional masked dance form of West Bengal has been enlisted as 'UNESCO- Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, 2010'. In 2015, UNESCO along with the MSME of Government of West Bengal developed a 'Rural Craft Hub' in Chorida village of Purulia district centring Chhau. Consequently, tourism in the area got international and national patronage. This entire phenomenon encouraged the commercialization of the traditional dance and craft form associated with Chhau as a result of heritagization. Unfortunately, the implication of the heritagization happened in a flawed fashion which eventually led to folklorization and institutionalization while compromising their contextual significance. The paper explores how heritagization ensures the sustainability of intangible tradition like Chhau while leading to folklorization and institutionalization of performance and craft. The paper also documents the history and ritualistic significance of Chhau to draw a lucid comparison between the traditional form and the form which is the result of folklorization. The paper establishes that the Heritagization- Folklorization- Institutionalisation are intertwined with each other in the context of Chhau. From the interviews of the tourists and locals associated with Chhau, it is evident that the organization concerned with policy making should keep it in mind that an enormous distortion of craft and performance comes along when the target buyers in the market are alien to the traditional context. In such a scenario, the contextual significance of a craft form can be kept intact if the targeted buyers can be made aware of the contextual and functional relevance of the folkloric element that they are consuming in its modernized version.

Financial distress and market exit play a key role in ensuring an efficient allocation and may also have negative social and economic consequences like loss of employment and output in particular areas, loss of technical knowhow and expertise or disruption to important services. In this context, State aid for the rescue and restructuring aid of firms in difficulty is a policy tool that may, in certain circumstances, be appropriate to address the negative consequences of financial distress. However, there are a number of costs associated with rescue and restructuring aid which imply that its use is only appropriate under strictly limited circumstances. Therefore, the Commission allows state aid to firms in difficulty only under strict conditions. The purpose is to evaluate whether, in its ex-ante assessment of the restructuring plans submitted by the Member States, the Commission is effective in achieving the objective of ensuring that restructuring aid (rescue aid is excluded from the scope of the project) is granted only if a restructuring plan is likely to return the firm to long-term viability within a reasonable period of time. Within an international project team ZEW will conduct the econometric analysis. ; Zahlungsschwierigkeiten und Marktaustritte spielen für die Sicherstellung einer effizienten Allokation eine wesentliche Rolle. Sie können negative soziale und ökonomische Folgen nach sich ziehen und den Verlust von Arbeitsplätzen und Produktion in bestimmten Gebieten, einen Verlust von aufgebautem technischem Know-How oder Unterbrechungen wichtiger Dienstleistungen verursachen. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt die staatliche Beihilfe zur Rettung und Umstrukturierung in Not geratener Firmen ein Politikinstrument dar, das unter bestimmten Umständen die negativen Folgen von in finanzielle Schwierigkeiten geratenen Unternehmen auffangen kann. Die Gewährung staatlicher Beihilfen zur Umstrukturierung und Rettung ist jedoch auch mit einigen Kosten verbunden, was dazu führt, dass ein solcher Markteingriff nur unter besonderen Bedingungen sinnvoll ist. Aus diesem Grund genehmigt die Europäische Kommission staatliche Beihilfen nur wenn strenge Anforderungen erfüllt sind. Ziel der Studie ist es zu evaluieren, ob die Kommission bei ihrer ex-ante Bewertung effektiv dabei ist, staatliche Beihilfen zur Umstrukturierung von Unternehmen (Rettungsbeihilfen sind nicht Gegenstand der Studie) nur dann zu gewähren, wenn die von den Mitgliedsstaaten eingereichten Restrukturierungspläne mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit eine wirtschaftliche Gesundung der angeschlagenen Unternehmen ermöglichen. Innerhalb des internationalen Projektteams ist das ZEW dabei für die ökonometrischen Analysen zuständig.

AbstractThis paper investigates the influence of corporate governance on the performance of modern Chinese firms. Prior studies were inconclusive about the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance. Little research investigates the performance implications of board structure in the post‐institutional‐transition era in China. Based on agency and resource dependence theories, this paper examines the impacts of board composition and leadership structure on the performance of Chinese manufacturing firms that went public on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges in 2010. The findings show that separating the posts of CEO and chair promotes better performance. However, appointing a larger proportion of outside independent directors to the board insignificantly affects performance. This research provides partial support for agency theory and extended insights into corporate governance in emerging economy firms. Copyright © 2017 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Even as it deals with the fallout from COVID-19 travel restrictions, commercial passenger air travel finds itself approaching an even bigger challenge: that of its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions through its everyday operations, which also contribute to its increasing vulnerability. As a complex transportation infrastructure, air travel is key to many other systems around the world in economic, social, logistical, political, and cultural spaces, and its entrenchment in these systems is driven in part by our own expectations of air travel as being an available option. However, the COVID-19 travel bans have brought a huge shock to air travel, and also a rare opportunity in this very busy industry to pause and deeply reimagine what the future could be. Through an exploratory process of using strategic and ethnographic foresight, and analyzing the differences between how air travel is conceived both in formal and informal online discourses, key insights are generated as to the possible areas of leverage for getting the air travel industry to change faster, and also to help its passengers care more about sustainability.