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The desirability of applying uniform standards to international documentation is well recognized. The need to "identify and consider adoption of established, relevant standards aimed at improving retrieval" was expressed by Helen Seymour at the 1972 International Symposium on the Documentation of the United Nations and Other Intergovernmental Organizations. Among the final recommendations emanating from that meeting were Number 31, which calls for application of the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) system, and Number 33, which calls for adoption of the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD). In line with this thinking, I would like to suggest the development and adoption of a standard for the bibliographic citation of international documents.

Presents results of a study conducted to quantify the productivity of Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium planted in alternate raws 4 m apart and the effects of using foliage from the trees as green manure on soil fertility, and crop production and as feed for sheep and goat production. Also investigates labour requirements so that cost benefit analysis of alley farming could be undertaken. Trials were designed by the researchers and implemented on farmers' fields, in some cases being managed by the farmers. The purpose of the grant award to ILCA by the Federal Livestock Department was to continue village studies in the area of Oyo State where a pilot study was established in 1984.

The development of cyberspace in the world and its impact on human life is more and more visible. Proper protection of all processes that can negatively affect people's lives is therefore an indispensable element that should accompany this development. Safe cyberspace is also closely related to the internal and external security of each country. The preparation of appropriate, international security guarantees in cyberspace is not only a challenge for individual countries, but above all for global institutions that provide peace. In Europe, the European Union and the Council of Europe should be the leaders in this respect. Lack of legal regulations regarding safe cyberspace is the possibility of exposing people to taking control over their privacy, data theft or other crimes. The implementation of European standards should therefore apply in every country. Governments should additionally emphasize social education and disseminate knowledge about threats in cyberspace. Coordinating these two activities gives hope that the expanding cyberspace in the future will not destroy people's lives. ; Cyberprzestrzeń z roku na rok jest coraz większa, a jej wpływ na życie ludzkie coraz bardziej widoczny. Właściwa ochrona wszystkich procesów, które mogą negatywnie wpływać na życie ludzi, jest zatem niezbędnym elementem, który powinien towarzyszyć szybkiemu rozwojowi informacyjno-komunikacyjnemu. Bezpieczna cyberprzestrzeń jest również ściśle związana z wewnętrznym i zewnętrznym bezpieczeństwem każdego kraju. Przygotowanie odpowiednich międzynarodowych gwarancji bezpieczeństwa w cyberprzestrzeni jest nie tylko wyzwaniem dla poszczególnych krajów, ale przede wszystkim dla globalnych instytucji zapewniających pokój. Unia Europejska i Rada Europy powinny być liderami w tym zakresie. Brak przepisów prawnych dotyczących bezpiecznej cyberprzestrzeni to możliwość narażenia ludzi na przejęcie kontroli nad ich prywatnością, kradzieżą danych lub innymi przestępstwami. Dlatego wdrażanie norm europejskich powinno mieć zastosowanie w każdym kraju. Rządy powinny dodatkowo podkreślać edukację społeczną i rozpowszechniać wiedzę o zagrożeniach w cyberprzestrzeni. Koordynacja tych dwóch działań daje nadzieję, że rozwijająca się cyberprzestrzeń w przyszłości nie zniszczy życia ludzi.

The thesis is made of three independent chapters interested in the impact of globalization on workers in industrialized countries. The dissertation is especially focused on identifying the causal impact of international trade on workers' mobility, wages, and employment with both a short- and medium-term perspective. The first paper explores the relation between intra-industry trade (IIT) expansion and associated worker flows, taking the latter as an indicator of labor-market adjustment costs. Being the first study to combine theoretical simulations and a novel identification strategy, we find that both theoretical and empirical analyses are consistent with the "smooth adjustment hypothesis", according to which IIT expansion is less disruptive than inter-industry trade expansion. The study therefore lends support to the use of IIT indices as first-pass proxies for the adjustment effects of trade expansion. The second chapter contrasts the impact of increased import competition coming from China and the European Union (EU) on workers in the United Kingdom over a 15-year period. The most salient findings show that increased imports from China had significantly negative effects on workers' earnings, wages and employment. In contrast, larger imports from the EU are associated with positive worker-level outcomes, which is largely explained by the fact that increased imports from the EU were mostly offset by increased same-industry exports to the EU. Besides, we find that increased imports from China exert additional pressure on workers through spillovers to employment and wages in downstream industries. Finally, the last chapter is focused on the impact of exposure to trade and real exchange rate shocks on wages for Swiss manufacturing workers. A particular attention is made to consistently estimate the causal effect in using a two-step gravity-type identification strategy. The study shows that the impact of trade and exchange rate movements is concentrated among high-skilled workers almost exclusively.

An important question in development is how far can the contemporary global context create industrial development opportunities for the South, particularly for Low Income Countries? In an important sense, this can only be answered in non-abstract terms, since the institutional conditions facing particular industries at particular times are highly specific. In this research, a configuration of four regimes- the structural regime on production and trade in apparel, the labour regime, the neo-statist European Union regime on production and trade in apparel and the neo-statist United States regime on production and trade in apparel- creates a window of opportunity for a Kenyan export oriented apparel industry. However, we must ask whether this industry is autonomous from these regimes to the extent that its gains can be sustainably embedded within Kenya, notably in terms of product and labour upgrading, or is it, rather, subservient to them? My theoretical discussion shows that the Global Value Chain (GVC) approach presents lead firms as the primary governors in GVCs, while International Relations theory presents regimes as the primary governors in issue areas. The discussion gives a Dependency interpretation of regimes, subsuming the GVC approach in that interpretation, and arguing that, as far as issue areas are concerned, 'external' control-emergent regime governance of the GVC overrides 'internal' control lead firm governance. My empirical discussion shows that the upgrading of the Kenyan apparel industry has been insignificant, and that the governance of regimes on production and trade in apparel, while not a necessary condition, was a sufficient condition to undermine it. Nonetheless, the Kenyan Government and social movements can exploit systemic weaknesses, the former by negotiating for a single transformation of fabric and promoting export of folklore/ hand loomed/handmade products, the latter by demanding for the full implementation of minimum labour conditions.

This article is primarily based on the analysis of the image projected by other actors,using the image of Armenia in the so-called "quality" American press as an example,since the influence of these media on making important political decisions is wellknown. These are The Washington Post, The New York Times and The Wall StreetJournal (all materials published in 1991-2009) [1]. Unfortunately, so far it is difficultto discuss the opposite process (i.e. the image that we make). On the other hand, webelieve this analysis and the provided examples might be more useful in making ownimage than a mere restatement of the known PR methods. Finally, although the examplesprovided are from printed media, our analysis is based on a much vaster materialconcerning images of other countries, global, regional and domestic developments,including official reports, academic and expert studies, comparison of publications,as well as interviews with diplomats, experts and journalists in Washington,DC (June 1998) and Yerevan.The image building as the art of targeted perception management, or as it isnow commonly referred to as public diplomacy, has accompanied humankind fromthe very first steps of its evolution [2].However, the notion of "image" has become a subject for studies only in thefirst half of the 20th century, when the aftermaths of both World Wars uncoveredthe horrendous cost to be paid for creating, promoting and spreading an "image ofenemy." Diplomacy is no longer a "sport of kings", as it used to be in the 19th century[3, p. 59]. Since 1945, the development of the mass media, especially television, andlater on also of the other new technologies, has changed the picture internationalrelations and the way they are presented by mass media.In Global Communications, International Affairs and the Media Since 1945,Philip Taylor has emphasized the role of communication in the modern world in the