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List of tables of figures -- Notes on the contributors -- General editor's preface -- Introduction: transformations of retailing in Europe after 1945 / Ralph Jessen and Lydia Langer -- Consumer society revisited : affluence, choice and diversity / Frank Trentmann -- Americanization of retailing? : the introduction of self-service -- The coming of the supermarket : the processes and consequences of transplanting American know how into Britain / Gareth Shaw, Adrian Bailey, Andrew Alexander, Dawn Nell and Jane Hamlet -- The long way to the supermarket : entrepreneurial innovation and adaptation in 1950s-1960s Italy / Emanuela Scarpellini -- How West German retailers learned to sell to a mass consumer society : self-service and supermarkets between "Americanization" and "Europeanization", 1950s-1960s / Lydia Langer -- Beyond self-service : the limits of "Americanization" in post-war West German retailing in comparative perspective / Jan Logemann -- New and old places of consumption -- Automatic trade : self-service and the polycentric early history of slot machines / Angelika Epple -- Mail order retailing in Britain since 1945 : credit community and technology / Richard Coopey -- What sex are sex shops? : the retailing of erotica in West Germany before the legalization of pornography / Elizabeth Heineman -- "Everything that exists in capitalism can be found in the department store" : the development of department stores in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1949-2000 / Ralf Banken -- Scientific knowledge, technical innovations and the retail trade -- Managing the unmanageable : the professionalization of market and consumer research in post-war Europe / Stefan Schwarzkopf -- Irradiating fish : improving food chains : retailers as mediators in a German innovation network : 1968-1977 / Karin Zachmann -- Cool alliances : freezers, frozen fish, and the shaping of industry-retail relations in Norway, 1950-1960 / Terje Finstad -- The barcode revolution in German food retailing / Annika Menke -- Index

Aus russischer Sicht

This book examines the Islamist radicalisation process in Europe, and develops a new theoretical model, based on the evolution of Islamist radicals in their social environment.

Democratic development in Central and Eastern Europe is not a finished project, nor is its progress immune to internal and external threats. The current social, economic, ethnic and political situation within the region presents new dangers. This text identifies and analyses challenges to current East-Central European democracies in terms of potential deconsolidation of democracy reflected in the changes in the institutional and procedural framework (polity), and in the choice of instruments and strategies in the policy area. Specifically examining the regimes of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia, these challenges include political extremism and violence, corruption, ethnic and religious conflicts. Presenting original Central European data and utilising the concept of consolidation of democracy from von Beyme and Merkel's concept, the book demonstrates that these challenges are as much influenced by imported phenomena, such as immigration, organized crime, and other potential systemic undemocratic volatilities, as the domestic situation. This text will be of key interest to scholars and students East European politics, post-Soviet politics, EU Studies, security and strategic studies, international relations, area studies, modern history and sociology.--

A new kind of historic transformation is underway in twenty-first-century Europe. Twentieth-century Europeans were no strangers to social, economic and political change, but their major challenges focused mainly on the intra-European construction of stable, prosperous, capitalist democracies. Today, by contrast, one of the major challenges is flows across borders - and particularly in-flows of non-European people. Immigration and minority integration consistently occupy the headlines. The issues which rival immigration - unemployment, crime, terrorism - are often presented by politicians as its negative secondary effects. Immigration is also intimately connected to the profound challenges of demographic change, economic growth and welfare-state reform. Both academic observers and the European public are increasingly convinced that Europe's future will largely turn on how is admits and integrates non-Europeans. This book is a comprehensive stock-taking of the contemporary situation and its policy implications

The papers presented in this volume analyse the many ways in which the Vatican, national Churches and individual catholics dealt with the rise of the extreme right in Europe throughout the 1920s, 1930s and early 1940s, from the end of the First World War, arguably one of the main catalysts of European interwar fascism, to the conclusion and immediate aftermath of the Second World War. While a number of papers focus primarily on theoretical, methodological issues pertaining to the book's general theme, the majority of papers focus on either a country or region where a fascist movement or regime flourished between the wars and during the Second World War, and where there was a significant catholic presence in society. The various chapters cover almost the entire European continent – an endeavour that is unprecedented –, and they explore a wide range of relevant contexts and methodologies, thus further contributing to the general development of an interpretive 'cluster' model that incorporates a series of investigative matrixes, and that will hopefully inspire future research.