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This book contains abstracts of the various research ideas of the academic community and practitioners of management presented at the International Conference on Innovations in Business Management (ICIBM 2020). The researchers have contributed toward various themes of the conference such as sustainable economy, supply chain, women-empowerment, export-import, microfinance, government policies, etc. We strongly believe that it will open up further scope for in-depth research in various disciplines of business management. Best wishes to the participants to have detailed discussions on the above-said wide range of areas. Conference Title: International Conference on Innovations in Business ManagementConference Acronym: ICIBM 2020Conference Date: 16-17 January 2020Conference Location: ICFAI University, Dehradun, IndiaConference Organizers: ICFAI Business School, ICFAI University, Dehradun, India & University of Derby, United Kingdom

U.S. INTERNATIONAL FOOD AID PROGRAMS BACKGROUND, ISSUES AND SELECT ASSESSMENTS -- U.S. INTERNATIONAL FOOD AID PROGRAMS BACKGROUND, ISSUES AND SELECT ASSESSMENTS -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 U. S. INTERNATIONAL FOOD AID PROGRAMS: BACKGROUND AND ISSUES* -- SUMMARY -- TABLE OF ACRONYMS -- BACKGROUND -- FOOD AID PROGRAMS -- Section 416(b)4 -- Food for Peace Act (FFPA) -- Since Mid-1980s, Title II Outlays Have Dominated -- Food Aid Consultative Group (FACG) -- Title I-Concessional Sales of U.S. Agricultural Commodities

Containing essays by some of the leading scholars in the field, this volume looks at the scientific study of the causes of international conflict.

'The developments of drug use patterns, drug problems and drug policy are only loosely coupled in the history of this social problem, they don't follow the same logic and are influenced by different conditions. The contributions of this issue are illustrating this assumption in a comparative perspective of the developments in European countries from the beginning of modern drug problems in 19th century. One basic question concerns the logics of different forms of constructing the drug problem and its related form of intervention and control. The dominant form of construction still are drugs as crime and the control by criminal law, which for long time has been paralleled by the construction of drugs as illness or addiction favouring intervention by psychiatric or medical treatment. Since the 1980th a new construction of drug problems gained political and practical relevance with the development of harm reduction policies. Each of these three forms of interventions follows its own logic and underlies different condition in producing policy results, which are illustrated by the case studies from Belgium, England, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Portugal.' (author's abstract)

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, international migration was a global process with multilateral population movements between states. Migration provided countries with significant opportunities for development, providing an influx of intellectual capital, labor, and financial resources. For example, in some developing countries, remittances from migrant workers have been comparable to, and in recent years even exceeded, FDI and aid. According to the UN in 2020, every seventh inhabitant of the Earth was a migrant. In fact, migration has become a global factor in the development of societies and economies. The COVID-19 pandemic has made significant adjustments to international migration, and has also significantly transformed both international and national labor markets. In relation to the international labor market, the pandemic can be seen as a negative externality, and the result of its negative impact was the failure of the economy in general and the labor market in particular. The failure of the labor market was expressed in the instability of supply and demand, which led to a change in working conditions and employment, an increase in structural imbalances in terms of compensation for work and the distribution of labor resources across sectors of the economy, as well as a decrease in the importance of professional forms of organization of the workforce. With regard to the processes of international migration, one can state the formation of the phenomenon of the "post-COVID syndrome", which refers to the restoration of the scale of migration flows after a pandemic, accompanied by a transformation of the factors and structure of migration. Due to the high importance of migration flows for national economies and the world economy, these changes will be able to significantly transform the international and national labor markets, in which migrants occupied significant niches. In this regard, the issue of monitoring and improving the mechanisms for managing migration in crisis and post-COVID conditions at the international and national levels is being updated.