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This article reveals the relevance of the study of the issue of the social organization security and its essence. In addition, the difficulties that occur in defining the concept, structure, and classification and ensuring various types of security are analyzed. The reliability of the organizational (corporate) security system is associated with overcoming these difficulties. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the most important task is the creation of a general theory of security. At the same time, the theory of various types of security is an integral part of the general theory and practice of its provision. They complement each other. Without this, it is impossible to speak about effective practice of ensuring the security of a social organization.

In this illuminating book Colin Crouch examines the diverse approaches presented by advanced societies in their attempts to resolve a central dilemma of a capitalist economy: the need to combine buoyant mass consumption with insecure workers, subject to, and responsive to, the fluctuations of an unregulated global economy. He demonstrates that the approaches of different national economies have varying degrees of success, and diverse implications for social inequality. Through the study of European societies, and comparisons with experience from the rest of the world, Crouch scrutinizes this d

Timely and original, this book examines gender equality in schooling as an aspiration of global social justice. With nearly one billion people having little or no schooling and women and girls comprising nearly two-thirds of this total, this book analyses the historical, sociological, political and philosophical issues involved as well as exploring actions taken by governments, Inter-Government Organisations, NGOs and women's groups since 1990 to combat this injustice.Written by a recognised expert in this field, the book is organised clearly into three parts:the first provides a background to

Fritz W. Scharpf (2000 and 2002) defines the term Europeanization as the progressive shift of governmental tasks to the European level. According to this understanding he identifies four modes of Europeanization. Further, he recognizes the establishment of minimum standards and the open method of co-ordination as specific modes of Europeanization. This paper first relates the welfare political goals and problems of both named methods of Europeanization in social welfare politics, then describes the political processes which accompany them, and subsequently tests whether Scharpf's analysis can be affirmed.

The study provides insights into how rural municipalities approach social innovation as a way of addressing current societal challenges. A survey and interviews among public servants in 14 municipalities in Sweden's northernmost and largest region – Norrbotten – show that they perceive social innovation as pivotal in improving the supply and quality of public services. However, the presence of terminologies, cultures, structures and cooperation for promoting social innovation varies among the municipalities. The increased promotion of social innovation among public authorities at regional and national levels in Sweden, and at international level in Europe and beyond, is thus only reflected to some extent in these municipalities. The findings indicate that this variation might be related to their rural challenges and conditions, which restrict their economic and human resources for promotion of social innovation in relation to declining and ageing populations, limited and decreasing tax bases, and persistent labour shortages.

Youth policy is an important area of the EU social policy. The national specificity of the EU member states allows different models for the implementation of youth policy, corresponding to their history and political culture. The study aims to explore a transition from the universalist model of implementing the Romanian youth policy of the socialist period to a centralised (or Mediterranean) one in which traditional social institutions play a pivotal role, such as family and the Church. The study applies the content analysis and the systemic method. Romania's accession to the EU made the government pay more attention to the youth. The funds for the youth policy were allocated from European integration funds. The government's strategy was to develop education and additional educational services and help children and the youth without parental care and large families. However, the quality of education deteriorated, aid did not reach its recipients, and tactically strategic goals were not achieved. The state youth policy turned out to be ineffective. The Romanian Orthodox Church (RuOC) became involved in solving issues of supporting children and the youth. Together with municipalities, sponsors, foreign philanthropists, the RuOC opens a network of social centers for children of permanent residence, day care, socio-cultural (educational, leisure, sports). The RuOC conducts actions in support of the development of secondary education to prevent dropouts from school, provide clothing and school supplies, study native history, etc. In general, the participation of the RuOC in solving youth problems convincingly indicates that a centralised model for the implementation of youth policy has been formed in Romania.

Abstract
We study an economy where a school can target grades according to students'social groups, and privileged students are more likely to obtain a high academic achievement. In this context, we analyse the welfare effects of introducing alternative policies. Banning targeted grading generally maximises welfare, through an increase in the wage of privileged students. This result does not hold though when the proportion of high achievers is large, and labour demand is high. In this case, banning wage discrimination among social groups maximises welfare, through an increase in the wages of underprivileged students.

Joseph Stiglitz recibe el Premio Nobel de Economía en 2001, y un año después publica en la Revista un artículo titulado «Empleo, justicia social y bienestar de la sociedad» (vol. 121, núm. 1–2). En él mantiene que el fin de la actividad económica es mejorar el bienestar de los individuos y que el empleo es esencial para dicho bienestar; a este respecto, su descripción de los estragos del desempleo se hace eco de las ideas que Sen desarrolla en su artículo sobre el desempleo en Europa […] Seguir leyendo

Despite their limited accomplishments in promoting economic development, the authoritarian regimes brought to power through social-revolutionary transformations—from the French Revolution of the 18th century to the Iranian Revolution of the present—have excelled at conducting humanly costly wars with a special fusion of popular zeal, meritocratic professionalism, and central coordination. Revolutionary elites, whether communist or not, have been able to build the strongest states in those countries whose geopolitical circumstances allowed the emerging new regimes to become engaged in protracted and labor-intensive international warfare.