Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- List of Abbreviations -- Notes on the Contributors -- Introduction -- 1 French Policy towards China: a Redefinition -- 2 UK Policy towards China -- 3 Germany's Policy towards China and the SARs of Hong Kong and Macau -- 4 Italian Policy towards China: the Trading State Approach -- 5 Dutch-Chinese Bilateral Relations: Constant Elements of a Bilateral Relationship in a Changing World System -- 6 Portugal, China and Macau: Building a New Triangular Relationship at a Moment of Change -- 7 Hispano-Chinese Relations: a Limited Past, but a Promising Future -- 8 Setting the Agenda for the Twenty-First Century: China, Hong Kong, Macau and the European Union -- 9 Development and Reconciliation under Peace: an Explanation of China's Policy towards the European Union -- 10 Europe, China and the Future of Hong Kong -- 11 Macau's Role in the China-EU Context -- 12 From Bilateralism to a Common Approach?: the EU, China, Hong Kong and Macau -- Index.

PREFACE -- FIGURES -- TABLES -- SUMMARY -- THE CHANGING FACE OF URBAN OPERATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- INTRODUCTION -- CASE STUDIES -- SURGICAL MOUT: Somali Peace Operations (1992Ò1993) -- Setting the Stage -- Firefight of October 3Ò4 -- Dominant Factors -- PRECISION MOUT: Operation Just Cause, Panama (1989) -- Setting the Stage -- The Assaults on Panama and the Aftermath -- Dominant Factors -- HIGH-INTENSITY MOUT: The War in Chechnya (1994Ò1996) -- Setting the Stage -- The First Battle for Grozny (December 1994ÒJanuary 1995) -- Russian Strategy and Tactics -- Chechen Strategy and Tactics -- The Rest of the Chechen War, Including the Second Battle for Grozny in August 1996 -- Dominant Factors -- CROSS-CASE ANALYSIS -- SUMMARY OF LESSONS BASED ON EARLIER MOUT -- THE CHANGING FACE OF URBAN OPERATIONS -- FACTORS UNDERGOING SIGNIFICANT CHANGE -- Presence of Noncombatants -- Rules of Engagement -- Presence of the Media -- PSYOP and Civil Affairs -- Political-Military Strategy -- IMPORTANT FACTORS THAT REMAIN FUNDAMENTALLY UNCHANGED -- Situational Awareness and Intelligence -- Airpower -- Technology -- Surprise -- Combined Arms (Infantry with Armor and Artillery) -- Joint Operations -- CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Books, Articles, Manuscripts, RAND Reports -- Field Manuals, Official Government Documents.

This paper examines the foundations of Israeli security policy and analyses the impact of changes in the external threat environment and in domestic politics and society. It argues that the traditional policy of deterrence based on "offensive defence," elaborated under David Ben-Gurion and his successors, is no longer adequate in the face of the new challenges posed by low-intensity warfare and weapons of mass destruction. Israel's ability to meet these challenges depends to a large extent on the fate of the peace process. This in turn hinges, at least in part, on the outcome of the domestic contest over the future character of Israeli politics and society. This contest is essentially between two positions: one inward-looking or "backlash," the other outward-looking or "internationalist." Its outcome will have long-term implications for Israel's security policy, both in terms of the kinds of threats that the country will face, and how well it will be able to deal with them

Satloff, R.: America, Europe, and the Middle East in the 1990s. - S.7-39. Rhein, E.: Europe and the Greater Middle East. - S.41-59. Haass, R. N.: The United States, Europe, and the Middle East peace process. - S.61-77. Perthes, V.: Europe, the United States, and the Middle East process. - S.79-100. Kemp, G.: The United States, Europe, and the Persian Gulf. - S.101-122. Reissner, J.: Europe, the United States, and the Persian Gulf. - S.123-142. Larrabee, F. S.: U.S. and European policy toward Turkey and the Caspian Basin. - S.143-173. Kramer, H. ; Müller, F.: Relations with Turkey and the Caspian Basin countries. - S.175-202. Falkenrath, R. A.: The United States, Europe, and weapons of mass destruction. - S.203-230. Spear, J.: Weapons of mass destruction. - S.231-252. Kugler, R. L.: Military force projection. - S.253-275. Heisbourg, F.: The United States, Europe, and military force projection. - S.277-297

Fully indexed, the 1989 edition of the Yearbook is the most comprehensive and authoritative reference publication about the work of the United Nations, other international organizations and related bodies. The book is designed not just for use by diplomats, officials and scholars but also by other researchers, writers, journalists, teachers and students. This volume of the Yearbook details the activities of the United Nations, its many organs, agencies and programmes, working together to rekindle a new form of multilateral cooperation for a better world. It records the diverse and globe-encompassing activities of the United Nations and its enduring efforts to deal with the world's pressing concerns, particularly matters of international peace and security, disarmament, human rights, the settlement of regional conflicts, economic and social development, the preservation of the environment, control of drugs and narcotic substance abuse, crime prevention, adequate shelter, youth and the ageing and humanitarian assistance for refugees as well as disaster relief

This volume takes a systematic look at the position of women in the post-Soviet states of the former USSR. The first focuses on the economy, society and polity of the Russian Federation; the second gives specialists' insights into social, political, economic and military developments in the other republics of the former Soviet Union. The book pays special attention to women's own perceptions of their lives. How do factory workers, street vendors and rural workers view their jobs? How do the women who served in Afghanistan, migrants, politicians, political activists, soldiers' mothers and feminists portray their worlds. What strategies of coping have women devised to deal with no electricity in Armenia, with unwelcome sexual advances from fathers-in-law and with violence from partners in Russia? Why did women in Georgia travel on a peace train? How has war affected lives in the Caucasus and in Central Asia? This book explores strategies of coping and forms of adaptation, noting that women are agents, as well as victims

This engaging, wide-ranging study in comparative social and political philosophy gives a well-argued account of how ideological and even utopian views, such as normative communication, development and justice, are sociologically rooted. It also shows how this fact has been reflected in the social history of Asian countries like India and China, as well as some Western countries during the last two centuries. To illustrate the underlying concepts, reference is made to influential thinkers, both from the East and West, from Hegel and James Mill to Marx and Maozedong, and from Gandhi to Rawls. The author, himself one of the major contemporary Indian philosophers, offers arguments to show that the right version of cultural relativism is objective and judgeable. Concrete case studies are cited indicating why even fundamental values like indivisible peace and "our own green planet" cannot be practically universalized. Yet this work is a sustained plea for improvable understanding between the East and the West and the transcultural value orientation of different cultures

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- Maps -- Introduction -- 1 New Thinking - Security in Developing Countries -- Conceptual challenges -- Studies of security in developing countries -- 2 The Origins of South Africa's Security Challenges -- From the Act of Union to the Lisbon coup -- Total strategy -- Regional conflict -- State of Emergency and counter-revolution -- 3 Security in Transition -- The ANC's approach to security -- Establishing political control over defence -- 4 The Domestic Security Environment -- Political and criminal violence -- Ethno-nationalism -- Economic and social challenges -- 5 The Maintenance of Internal Security -- The role of the SANDF in internal security -- Public order policing -- A more consensual mode of policing -- 6 Security through Nation-building and Development -- The security forces and socio-economic development -- National reconciliation and nation-building -- 7 External Security -- South Africa and the international community -- The South African security environment -- Common security -- Peace operations -- Arms acquisition, sales and controls -- 8 The Transformation of Security Institutions -- Integration -- SANDF force design and posture -- Reforming policing -- Intelligence -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

Commemoration and silence: fifty years of remembering the bomb in America and Japan / Laura Hein and Mark Selden -- Triumphal and tragic narratives of the war in Asia / John W. Dower -- Between Pearl Harbor and Hiroshima/Nagasaki: nationalism and memory in Japan and the United States / YUI Daizaburo -- Making things visible: learning from the censors / George H. Roeder, Jr. -- Commemoration controversies: the war, the peace, and democracy in Japan / Ellen H. Hammond -- Mass death in miniature: how Americans became victims of the bomb / Lane Fenrich -- Patriotic orthodoxy and American decline / Michael S. Sherry -- Hiroshima and Nagasaki: the voluntary silence / Monica Braw -- The mushroom cloud and national psyches: Japanese and American perceptions of the atomic bomb decision, 1945-1995 / Sadao ASADA -- Memory matters: Hiroshima's Korean atom bomb memorial and the politics of ethnicity / Lisa Yoneyama -- Were we the enemy?: American hibakusha / SODEI Rinjiro -- Remembering Hiroshima at a nuclear weapons laboratory / Hugh Gusterson -- Learning about patriotism, decency, and the bomb / Laura Hein

In 1985, faced with conflicts involving Iran and Iraq, the United Nations Security Council's permanent members joined forces for the first time to mobilize the U.N. against threats to international peace and security. Cameron R. Hume's authoritative account follows the transformation of the Security Council from a stage for acrimonious public diplomacy into a forum where governments collaborate to settle regional disputes. Hume underscores three interconnected themes: changes in Security Council diplomacy during forty-five years of successive conflicts involving Iran and Iraq (including Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait); the Council's progression from invoking gentler means within its authority (under the U.N. Charter) to a more muscular assertion of its will; and the growing congruence between diplomacy as practiced in the Security Council and the bilateral policies of the major powers. Based on U.N. documents and the author's firsthand experience, The United Nations, Iran, and Iraq is important for students and practitioners in international organizations, multilateral diplomacy, and conflict resolution

The aim of this book is to explain the genesis and objectives of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) as well as the ways and means of achieving those objectives. It includes the following: (1) the first proclamation of the SPLM/SPLA defining the Movement's national character and objectives; (2) the series of speeches given by the Chairman of the Movement, John Garang de Mabior, before Nimeiri's downfall; (3) declarations by the Movement immediately after the fall of Nimeiri outlining the Movement's interpretation of that event and its vision of the way ahead; (4) exchanges between the SPLM leadership and the Khartoum political forces and politicians after Nimeiri's downfall; (5) peace proposals put forward by the SPLM subsequent to the nation's return to civilian rule; and (6) policy statements and agreements with opposition groups following the military take-over by the National Islamic Front (NIF) in June 1989. (DÜI-Hff)

Lakoff, G.: Metaphor and war: the metaphor system used to justify war in the Gulf. S. 1-20. Tyson, L.: The U.S. economy and the war. S. 21-34. Gitlin, T.: The peace movement, the war movement, the media, and democracy. S. 35-48. Weber, S.: American foreign policy and the new world order. S. 49-58. Waltz, K. N.: A necessary war? S. 59-66. Breslauer, G. W.: U.S.-Soviet relations in the Middle East. S. 67-78. Haas, E. B.: What kind of new world order? S. 79-88. Bajpai, K. S.: The Gulf war: what kind of conflict? S. 89-100. Lapidus, I. M.: An historian looks at the current crisis. S. 101-112. Lipschutz, R. D.: Strategic insecurity: putting the pieces back together in the Middle East. S. 113-126. Karabel, J.: Class, race, and the military. S. 127-142. Caron, D. D.: Responses to aggression in the new world order. S. 143-155. Sanders, J.: History and world order: framing the past to shape the future. S. 155-170

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Preface The International Courts Project -- Essayists -- PART I. THE CLASSICAL UNIVERSAL INSTITUTIONS -- 1. Peaceful Settlement of Disputes -- 2. The Hague Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907 -- 3. The International Court -- 4. The Hague Permanent Court of Arbitration -- 5. Inter-State Arbitration since 1945: Overview and Evaluation -- PART II. THE REGIONAL INTERNATIONAL COURTS -- 6. The Court of Justice of the European Communities and the Prospects for International Adjudication -- 7. The European Court of Human Rights -- 8. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights -- PART III. SPECIALIZED INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS AND PROCEDURES -- 9. The Glorious Past and Uncertain Future of International Claims Tribunals -- 10. The Mandatory Component in the CSCE Dispute Settlement System -- 11. The Case for an International Court of Criminal Justice and the Formulation of International Criminal Law -- 12. International Legal Aid: The Secretary General's Trust Fund to Assist States in the Settlement of Disputes through the International Court of Justice -- 13. The Law of the Sea Tribunal -- Index.

"Since 1989, the Cold War has ended, new nations have emerged in Eastern Europe, and revolutionary struggles to establish liberal ideals have been waged against repressive governments throughout the world. Will the promise of liberalism be realized? What can liberals do to make the most of their opportunities and construct enduring forms of political order? In this important and timely book, a leading political theorist discusses the possibility of liberal democracy in Western and Eastern Europe and offers practical suggestions for its realization. Bruce Ackerman begins by sketching the challenges faced a Western Europe free for the first time in half a century to determine its own fate without the constant intervention of the United States and the Soviet Union. Unless decisive steps are taken, this moment of promise can degenerate into a new cycle of nationalist power struggle. Revolutionary action is now required to build the foundations of a democratic federal Europe - a union strong enough to keep the peace and to combat the threat of local tyrannies."--Publisher description

Intro -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Introduction -- I: Crime, Temperance, and Justice: St. Andrews of the 1830s -- II: The Reformatory and the Whip: Dealing With Disorderly Youth in Charlottetown -- III: The Wickedness of Moncton -- IV: The Quest for Purity: Charlottetown and the Scott Act -- V: The Routine of Human Discord: Crime and Policing in Halifax of the Late 1800s -- VI: The Slow Poisoning Case in Charlottetown -- VII: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition in Halifax -- VIII: Saint John's "Men in Khaki -- IX: Patrolling the Streets of Charlottetown -- X: Guarding the Guardians: Discipline in the Moncton Police Force -- XI: Policing the City: Halifax Detectives in the 1920s -- XII: Moncton "Guardians of the Peace'': Under the Critical Eye of the Citizenry -- XIII: Hoboes and the Burden of Relief in Halifax -- XIV: Halifax and Moncton at War -- XV: Police Work, Prosaic Guardianship: Halifax Detectives in the 1940s -- XVI: Social Problems, Female Criminality: Saint John -- XVII: Mapping Drunkenness Arrests in Saint John -- XVIII: The Police Beats of Saint John: Recollections of the Guardians.