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Over the past decade, philanthropic giving in China has entered a new era. A series of natural disasters triggered an upsurge in public giving; the changing social environment transformed individuals' pattern of giving behavior. By discussing the influence of three major traditional Chinese philosophies (i.e. Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism) on philanthropy, this paper argues that China's philanthropy is not a reflex behavior after acute calamity, but an intrinsic intention within humanity. This paper also highlights that being aware of this intention of giving allows donors to not only simply share their resources, but also mindfully facilitate civic engagement. This mindful sharing process, therefore, builds a social culture that collectively empowers vulnerable populations, which is the purpose of philanthropic giving. The paper concludes that mindful sharing emphasizes the intention of giving, fosters a sustainable culture of giving, and achieves an ideal state of collective empowerment.

In June 2015, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees announced a landmark event in the history of his organization. UNHCR estimated that there were more refugees and displaced persons than it had counted since its establishment in 1950--almost 60 million who fled conflict and persecution. While certainly large in its own right, the number actually underestimates displacement in today's world. Many millions more are displaced each year and cumulatively from a much broader range of life-threatening humanitarian crises than captured by UNHCR's figures. An average of 26.4 million were displaced annually by acute natural hazards since 2008 and an unknown but sizeable number from gang and cartel violence, electoral and communal violence, nuclear and industrial accidents, and a range of other human made disasters. This paper argues for new legal, institutional and operational frameworks to more effectively address the situation of the totality of displaced persons.

This article examines the Cuban response to Ebola in West Africa, specifically in the three countries where the Cuban medical personnel focused their efforts – Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. It analyses the situation in West Africa as the disease rapidly spread, the international response and the Cuban reaction. In particular, it assesses the impact of Cuba's contribution and concludes with some thoughts about what can be learned from this short (6-month) campaign of the Henry Reeve Contingent, which specialises in responding to natural disasters and medical emergencies. The article finds that there are important lessons for the international community regarding responses to future outbreaks. Diseases such as Ebola do not respect international borders and cannot be overcome with promises of resources or money. In this case, Cuba's response – of a highly trained healthcare workforce of doctors, nurses, technicians and others – remains unique.

While voluntary organizations have played a critical role in preparing for and responding to disasters, few have intentionally examined the preparedness of voluntary organizations, which are fundamentally required to enhance local emergency management. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the preparedness of voluntary organizations and their effectiveness on local emergency management. By using a survey data collected among county governments in the United States, this research tests the effect of voluntary organizations' preparedness on local emergency management. The results show that the voluntary organizations' preparedness behaviors such as their participation in local emergency planning as well as training, education, and resources for local emergency management positively affect their effectiveness on local emergency management. The findings imply that systemic volunteer management can build more effective emergency management systems through cohesive and comprehensive collaboration between public and voluntary organizations.

Treball Final de Màster Universitari Internacional en Estudis de Pau, Conflictes i Desenvolupament. Codi: SAA074. Curs: 2015/2016 ; In 2015, the global military expenditures represent 1.676 millions of American dollars while the world is facing numerous crises – global warning, mass poverty, humanitarian disasters, and economy. The reallocation of this huge amount of money could improve human security. To do so, a serious mobilization is needed in order to create a global movement calling for the transfer of military money to human needs and directly influence political decisions. This work develops a mobilization campaign in Spain, implemented by the Centre Delàs de Estudios por la Paz. In the frame of the 6 th edition of the Global Day of Action on Military Spending (GDAMS), the campaign has been adapted to the Spanish political agenda with the attempt to influence the 2016 general elections.

Years of rapid and indiscriminate logging of Philippine forests, coupled with little reforestation, have led to more frequent, widespread, and damaging natural disasters, such as floods, landslides, and other environmental damages. With strong political will and noble intentions, President Benigno S. Aquino III issued Executive Order 23 (EO 23) in 2011. This order sought to protect the country's natural forests by imposing a total ban over logging activities and imposing stronger measures against illegal cutting. Unfortunately, EO 23 intensified the rent-seeking behavior among the regulating agencies and has led to damaging unintended economic and social consequences without accomplishing much of its avowed objectives. Moreover, there are other potentially more effective ways of protecting Philippine forests. On this score, would it possible to achieve a win-win strategy where natural forests are effectively protected without paralyzing the wood industry that provides incomes and jobs?

The health and vitality of society and its political and economic processes is partly a function of its capacity to withstand and rebound from internal and external risks. In recent years, governments have sought to understand and improve this capacity via the voguish concept of 'resilience'. Communities and critical infrastructure operators alike have been enjoined to increase their ability to withstand and rebound from natural and manmade hazards. The threats to the state and society are very real. It is apparent that 'Many contemporary disasters follow the lead of complex technology, common-mode design and multifunctional use of infrastructures' (Rosenthal, 1998, p. 152). Ulrich Beck's seminal work on 'risk society' (1992) points out that the process of modernisation itself induces increased vulnerability to society. Society is, thus, increasingly beholden to what Anthony Giddens labels 'manufactured risks' (2003).

lt was agreed that the notion of emigration is the basic factor which effects people's life as social, cultural and politics throughout history. ln the events as disasters,wars and emigration women, but especially children are effected in terms of exploited labour and sexual much more than the other parts of society. Because of the Syrian civil war which has known as the last circle of arabian spring caos caused that the millions of people became as immigrant in the year of 2010. According to data of Turkey the numbers of immigrant have reached 1.552.839 in official records. But in unofficial records say its nearly 30,000 Also the data of united nations high commissioner for child refugees who only Iive in shelters 2013 has reported that immigrant has been reached 13,500 there is no data of the latest situation, we talked with the data of 2015.

Climate change and the myriad of challenges that come with it are a reality the entire world must face. However, for Canadian province, Alberta, the stakes are especially high. Oil and gas mining made up 18.3% of Alberta's GDP in 2015 and therefore plays a significant role in its economy. Alberta has also been subject to degrading air quality and natural disasters like the recent Fort McMurray Fire. Provincial and municipal governments have, however, taken many steps to addressing the array of environmental challenges Alberta faces including releasing its Climate Leadership Report to Environment Minister Shannon Phillips, which outlines concrete goals and objectives. This paper discusses some of targets as well as legislation that have come out of the Climate Leadership Report. Furthermore, this paper explores how individuals have influenced the climate change discussion and how they can continue to spread environmental messages.

Vietnam has made huge economic improvements since the mid-1980s, opening up to international relationships and undergoing important economic and political reforms. It is also listed among the countries most vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate variability, forecasted rising temperatures and more frequent and intense severe climate-related natural disasters (floods, droughts, storms, typhoons, etc.). Rice plays an important role in Vietnam's national food security, rural development and political stability. The aim of this study is to analyze the pattern of domestic rice prices using potential variables from the supply and the demand side. It will focus on the role played by climate variability and severe weather events while also taking into account the strong public support for the sector. With this aim, the researchers have developed a regression model for mapping the domestic rice price through the generalized least squares model.

Years of rapid and indiscriminate logging of Philippine forests coupled with little reforestation has led to more frequent, widespread, and damaging natural disasters such as floods, landslides, and other environmental damages. With strong political will and noble intentions, President Benigno S. Aquino III issued Executive Order 23 (EO 23) in 2011. This order sought to protect the country's natural forests by imposing a total ban over logging activities and imposing stronger measures against illegal cutting. Unfortunately, EO 23 intensified the rent-seeking behavior among the regulating agencies and has led to damaging unintended economic and social consequences without accomplishing much of its avowed objectives. Moreover, there are other potentially more effective ways of protecting Philippine forests. On this score, would it possible to achieve a win-win strategy where natural forests are effectively protected without paralyzing the wood industry that provides incomes and jobs?

I conduct an event study of an exogenous pollution shock-smog in the winter of 2013 to examine how the market values of firms in polluting industries and environmental protecting industries, respectively, responded in "the world's worst polluter": China. I first show that politically connected polluters, defined by having at least one board member who was a former local bureaucrat, are more likely to be state owned and in debt. During the 21 days of the smog, polluters experienced a cumulative abnormal return of −5.38%, while protectors had a cumulative abnormal return of 3.50%. However, politically connected polluters were less susceptible to the shock: they experienced a 1% greater positive abnormal return than unconnected polluters. Connected protectors also benefited from a greater 1% abnormal return than unconnected protectors. The findings imply that environmental disasters have distributional effects, and support a theory that links rent-seeking behavior to pollution.

This contribution summarizes the literature on the psychology of charitable donations to victims of disasters and other unfortunate circumstances. Four distinct research areas are reviewed. We begin with the literature on donations in general, and then move to the literature on donations to disaster victims specifically, which is what most of our own research has focused on. We then review the literature on intergroup prosociality, because many donations occur in some kind of intergroup context. We then cover some of the main insights from the literature on generic prosocial processes, which has generated insights that are generalizable to donations and have applied implications. Finally, we summarize some of the main recommendations for eliciting donations which can be generated from these literatures. An emphasis is placed on the translation of academic knowledge into practical steps which practitioners might find useful.

This paper studies child health in India focusing on differences in anthropometric outcomes between the three main religions – Hindus, Muslims and Christians. The results indicate that Christian infants have higher height-for-age z-scores as compared to infants of other religious identities, and that this is especially true for infant girls in states with a relatively large Christian presence. We instrument for Christian identity today using data on the location of Protestant and Christian missions, the incidence of epidemic diseases and natural disasters, and political crises (wars) that mission establishing countries were engaged in during India's colonial history. The results are robust to a series of checks for instrument validity and omitted variables, and indicate that by inculcating awareness and spreading knowledge on sanitation and the scientific underpinnings of disease, the advent of Christianity has long-term health implications for India's children today.

Numerous international studies have corroborated the value of public–private sector partnerships in reducing vulnerability and building resilience to emergencies and disasters. This paper proposes a simple conceptual framework for public–private partnerships in emergency and disaster management that could be applied to research and policy analysis in Australia. The framework proposes three dimensions: sector types (public, business and community), partnership arrangements (legislated and formal to informal agreements), and partnership roles (strategic and resilience-building and response and recovery). This paper describes how the three sectors can work together under various partnership arrangements for preventive or responsive measures in emergency and disaster management. Public–private partnerships during and after the Queensland floods of 2010–11 are used to illustrate the relationships presented in the framework and to give a snapshot of these partnerships in Queensland. - See more at: https://ajem.infoservices.com.au/items/AJEM-30-04-09#sthash.vkQDUXUw.dpuf