Suchergebnisse

Many Canadian manufacturers have high unit costs compared to their foreign competitors because of their small size, high levels of product diversity, and quality of management. The increasing competition over the 1970s would have caused such manufacturers to increase their scale and specialization in order to improve productivity and reduce costs. Such rationalization would lead to increased intra‐industry trade (iit) in which both imports and exports increase together for many firms and industries. This paper presents the results of research on the extent of domestic and international IIT for Canada. The analysis uses data on imports and exports collected at the level of the enterprise, disaggregated by sector of control and size of enterprise. The results of the analysis show thatiitis significant in many industries with greater foreign than Canadian involvement. One policy implication is that attempts to curtail imports in order to increase employment would only reduce the process of rationalization and in the long‐run reduce rather than increase employment in the manufacturing sector.RésuméPlusieurs fabricants canadiens accusent des coûts unitaires élevés par rapport à leurs concurrents étrangers en raison de la petite taille de leur entreprise, de la très grande diversité des produits et de la qualité de leur gestion. Une concurrence accrue au cours des années 1970 aurait dû, en principe, mener ces fabricants à produire davantage et de façon plus spécialisée pour augmenter la productivité et réduire les coûts. Ce type de rationalisation aurait dû, à son tour, produire une augmentation du commerce intra‐industriel (iit) et augmenter le volume des importations et des exportations de plusieurs entreprises. Ce mémoire présente les résultats d'une étude sur l'étendue du commerceiitdomestique et étranger au Canada. L'analyse a été effectuée à l'aide de données concernant les importations et les exportations qui ont été recueillies auprès d'entreprises et classées selon la nature de leur contrôle et la taille de l'entreprise. Les résultats de l'analyse démontrent que le commerceiitest considérable pour plusieurs entreprises mais qu'il prévaut dans le cas des entreprises dont le contrôle est étranger, par opposition aux entreprises dont le contrôle est canadien. Ces résultats impliquent donc que des politiques visant à réduire les importations pour augmenter l'emploi n'auraient pour effet que d'entraver le processus de rationalisation et réduire à long terme l'emploi dans le secteur manufacturier.

The article emphasizes that the Arctic Council (AC) is a high level forum of cooperation, based on taking decisions by consensus that are carried out by member states on a voluntary basis and in accordance with their national interests. The AC does not meet the criteria of a classical international intergovernmental organization – IGO and may not be referred to as an international non-governmental organization – INGO due to its members. The high performance of the AC activity in the absence of a complex organizational structure, any executive body and a court is rooted in respect for national sovereignty of its member states. This informal international organization of new type became the core, around which a significant group of states, IGOs and INGOs, that received observer status at the AC, is created. Within the framework of its activity innovative tools of financing of ongoing programs have been developed. Participation of other member states of the AC in the anti-Russian sanctions does not become an obstacle for continuation of the close cooperation of all Arctic states in addressing the major problems of common concern in the Arctic. During the sanctions they established the Arctic economic council, signed the agreements on cooperation between coastal guards of all Arctic states, on scientific cooperation in the Arctic and on preventing unregulated fishing in the central part of the Arctic ocean. Negotiations on possible new agreements are going on between them. The model of informal international cooperation, demonstrated by the Arctic Council, is being successfully implemented also in the activities of the Nordic Council of Ministers, the Council of Barents/Euro-arctic Region, BRICS and other international organizations. This gave the authors the reason to conclude that this type of international organizations will be further developed in contemporary international relations.

This volume brings together a number of international scholars to offer an original analysis of far-right movements and politics, challenging the existing literature through a very different methodological and theoretical perspective. The approach offered here is that of 'longue durée' analysis, whereby the far-right is understood as an evolving subject of capitalist modernity. The authors argue that an assessment of the contemporary characteristics of the far-right needs to consider the ways in which it is a product of deeper and longer-term structures of socio-economic and political developm

Abstract: This article maps the participation of women in Brazilian scientific production in the areas of Political Science and International Relations, from 2006 to 2016. To do so, six indicators were created, to measure women's participation in the production of master's dissertations, doctoral theses and scientific papers, as well as their participation as faculty members of graduate programs and their presence on editorial boards of important Brazilian Journals in these fields. The results revealed that, despite an increasing participation of women in recent years, the space they occupy is still underrepresented, especially when considering strategic positions related to education and research.

Presents the findings of an exploratory study into the motives and experiences of British firms participating in international joint ventures in Hungary. A great deal of foreign direct investment has been taking place in Central and Eastern Europe since the early 1990s. To date, little research has been conducted on the impact of this investment. A mail study of British firms operating in Hungary was conducted. The results reveal that its stable economic environment and the potential of its market were the primary reasons why firms invested in Hungary. However, political, economic and institutional problems are being experienced by investors.