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Constitution-Reading is a stony road to travel.This is doubly true of early nineteenth-century German constitutions. Workingin camera, their authors provided little public justification of their efforts, and consequently historians lack even the great recorded debates of a constituent assembly on which to base their interpretations. And because these constitutions wereoktroyierte Verfassungen, handed down, as it were, by gracious princes, interpretations of their provisions rest on the observer's views concerning the fortunes of German constitutional development as a whole.

As in most of Africa, agricultural mechanization in Ghana has been slow to develop, either in the form of animal or tractor power. But this has changed markedly since the early 2000s, and today about one third of all Ghana's farmers report using some form of mechanization, mostly tractors for land preparation, as do over half the farmers with five or more hectares of cropped land. However, policymakers often are skeptical of the role played by the private sector in providing mechanization services and worry that supplyside issues may be constraining its uptake, especially amongst smaller-sized farms. With this in mind, the government recently started to directly engage in the importation and subsidization of tractors, and has established a network of subsidized agricultural mechanization service centers around the country (Diao et al. 2014). The government program operates in direct competition with an already established private sector supply system, and this raises a number of important questions. In particular, is the government program overcoming some inherent market failure problems or is it introducing market distortions in machinery prices, encouraging rent-seeking behavior and possibly crowding out more efficient private suppliers? If the latter, then as suggested in Chapter 6, the program may be an unnecessary and costly addition to the financial burden of the public sector. ; PR ; IFPRI1; GSSP; CRP2; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies ; DSGD; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Administrative procedure acts : history, features and reception / Paul Craig, Giacinto della Cananea, Diana-Urania Galetta, Oriol Mir, Jens-Peter Schneider, Ulrich Stelkens, Marek Wierzbowski, Jacques Ziller -- Book I : General provisions / Drafting team, Paul Craig, Deirdre Curtin, Giacinto della Cananea, Herwig C. H. Hofmann, Oriol Mir, Jens-Peter Schneider, Marek Wierzbowski, Jacques Ziller -- Book II : Administrative rulemaking / Drafting team, Deirdre Curtin, Herwig C. H. Hofmann, Joana Mendes -- Book III : Single-case decision-making / Drafting team, Paul Craig, Giacinto della Cananea, Oriol Mir, Jens-Peter Schneider, Vanessa M. Tünsmeyer, Marek Wierzbowski -- Book IV : Contracts / Drafting team, Jean-Bernard Auby, Michael Mirschberger, Hanna Schröder, Ulrich Stelkens, Jacques Ziller -- Book V : Mutual assistance / Drafting team, Diana-Urania Galetta, Herwig C. H. Hofmann, Jens-Peter Schneider, Vanessa M. Tünsmeyer -- Book VI : Administrative information management / Drafting team, Diana-Urania Galetta, Herwig C. H. Hofmann, Micaela Lottini, Nikolaus Marsch, Jens-Peter Schneider, Morgane Tidghi

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This study evaluated the organizational identity perceptions of teachers in teacher departments. Based on a literaturereview, this research regards organizational identity as being composed of mind identity, behavior identity, and visualidentity. Fieldwork was conducted, and 180 students in teacher departments were asked to participate in the study.After valid questionnaires were received, SPSS 22.0 was used for analysis. Importance and performance analysis(IPA) is a strategic tool that was used in this study to capture staff requirements for achieving high satisfaction andallocating resources in teacher departments. There were eight, eight, two, and two attributes in Quadrants I, II, III,and IV, respectively. The results of this study could be useful for policymakers and scholars. Policymakers couldlearn from the IPA results and the prioritized variables, and researchers could gain a better understanding of theorganizational identity of universities.

In the article the specifics of typical cases in administrative proceedings are analyzed. The legalnature of this type of cases is investigated, their essence and aspects of administrative and legalregulation are characterized. The list of typical cases in administrative proceedings is formulated and thecontent of each of them is clarified. ; У статті проаналізовано специфіку типових справ в адміністративному судочинстві.Досліджено правову природу даного виду справ, охарактеризовано їх сутність та аспектиадміністративно-правового регулювання. Сформульовано перелік особливостей типових справ вадміністративному судочинстві і з'ясовано зміст кожної з них.

Real places and events are constructed and used to symbolize abstract formulations of power and authority in politics, corporate practice, the arts, religion, and community. By analyzing the aesthetics of public space in contexts both mundane and remarkable, the contributors examine the social relationship between public and private activities that impart meaning to groups of people beyond their individual or local circumstances. From a range of perspectives—anthropological, sociological, and socio-cultural—the contributors discuss road-making in Peru, mass housing in Britain, an unsettling traveling exhibition, and an art fair in London; we explore the meaning of walls in Jerusalem, a Zen garden in Japan, and religious themes in Europe and India. Literally and figuratively, these situations influence the ways in which ordinary people interpret their everyday worlds. By deconstructing the taken for- granted definitions of social value (democracy, equality, individualism, fortune), the authors reveal the ideological role of imagery and imagination in a globalized political context

In South Africa, the new Children's Act 38 of 2005 was promulgated, inter alia, to reduce statutory intervention in the lives of South African families and make family members and communities mainly responsible for the protection of their children. However, despite impressive legislation, action plans, and school-based prevention programmes, a significant increase of 36.1 percent in reported sexual offences against children between 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 was announced by the South African Police Service. This literature review, firstly, explores the scope and impact of sexual child abuse and, thereafter, highlights international and national response to the plight of prevention. Following this, an ecological framework is applied, where prevention requires an understanding of the factors that increase the risk of childhood sexual abuse. Lastly, intervention research is proposed for the way forward

In South Africa, the new Children's Act 38 of 2005 was promulgated, inter alia, to reduce statutory intervention in the lives of South African families and make family members and communities mainly responsible for the protection of their children. However, despite impressive legislation, action plans, and school-based prevention programmes, a significant increase of 36.1 percent in reported sexual offences against children between 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 was announced by the South African Police Service. This literature review, firstly, explores the scope and impact of sexual child abuse and, thereafter, highlights international and national response to the plight of prevention. Following this, an ecological framework is applied, where prevention requires an understanding of the factors that increase the risk of childhood sexual abuse. Lastly, intervention research is proposed for the way forward

In the politics of the Russian Federation, we encounter a new party political phenomenon: the so-called "party of power." The "party of power" concept is frequently used by analysts of the Russian political system. However, it is in need of clarification. In this article, an attempt is made to both clarify the phenomenon of the "party of power" & to (re-)define the concept. 28 References. Adapted from the source document.