Suchergebnisse

For the first time in a generation Britain will vote on its membership of the European Union, probably in the autumn of 2016. How to vote in that referendum is a difficult choice for anyone on the left. Since the 1990s the anti-EU camp has been dominated by the chauvinist and racist right, initially on […]
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THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE OVERALL QUESTION OF HOW MORE THAN A QUARTER-CENTURY OF EUROPEAN UNION MEMBERSHIP HAS AFFECTED NATIONAL DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES. THE SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ADDRESSED CONCERN MEMBERSHIP EFFECTS ON DELEGATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VOTERS, MP'S, THE CABINET, AND THE CIVIL SERVICE. THE ARTICLE IS PRINCIPALLY FOCUSED ON THE "EX ANTE" AND "EX POST" INSTRUMENTS OF CONTROL AVAILABLE TO DANISH PRINCIPALS, AND IN HOW THESE INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USE HAVE CHANGED WITH EU MEMBERSHIP. THUS, WHILE THE MAIN FOCUS IS ON ACCOUNTABILITY AS A PROCESS OF REPRESENTATION, THE ARTICLE ALSO REFERS TO ACCOUNTABILITY AS A POLICY OUTCOME OF REPRESENTATION.

World War II (1939 – 1945) was a catastrophe for the whole world and for Europe in particular. It is one of the great miracles of the 20th century that the West European war parties did draw a line and founded an economic alliance for coal and steel production. This economical alliance is based on common values and on the rule of law. A main problem of the European Union is to give a democratic legitimation to the European institutions. It is good that e.g. the European Parliament is elected directly, it is bad that e.g. the President of the European Commission is not elected directly. In some Member States of the European Union common values and common interests are only partim shared. The people of Great Britain did decide in 2016 to leave the European Union; according to the legal constitution of the European Union a leave is allowed. The main achievement of the European Union is the abolition of inter-European taxes and thus the promotion of economical relationships between the Member States of the European Union. The Euro that is the currency of (only) some Member States has become a global player.

There has been a shift in the intelligence and security strategies of the states since 9/11. The attacks created a new security environment in which intelligence has become increasingly significant. Not only have the responsibilities and tasks of intelligence agencies become more important, but the necessity for intelligence and security service cooperation among nations has also increased. Accordingly, intelligence agencies had to update their strategies to put more emphasis on collaboration. This article analyzes the current EU intelligence network and tries to answer whether full intelligence cooperation in the EU could develop into a discrete organization in the aftermath of 2004 Madrid, 2005 London and the 7 January 2015 Charlie Hebdo attacks, or whether it is an impossible dream to have concerted action whereby states acknowledge their mutual alliances, interests, and strategies.