Suchergebnisse

Youth are the backbone of any nation, and they are decisive in its development or destruction. A considerable portion of the population in both Afghanistan and Pakistan consists of youth. This paper discusses the impacts of unemployment, poverty, drug abuse, corruption, conflicts, and extremism on the experiences of young people in these countries. Vulnerabilities can become risk factors that, in turn, can increase the likelihood of youth being involved with the police. Although vulnerability and insecurity are common to both young women and men, girls and young women face additional challenges that increase their vulnerability to insecurities, such as gender-based violence. This article details how livelihood and personal insecurities are closely intertwined and further considers how these insecurities involve the police in one way or another. It argues that local community-oriented police initiatives and civil society organisation contributions can increase cooperation between youth and law enforcement agencies in addressing these challenges in a collaborative and trustful manner.

<p class="Default"><span class="A1">Stress is a condition of mental pressure for particular individual facing problems from envi­ronmental and social well-being which leads to so many diseases.</span> Young age is the critical period because at this time youth faces lots of changes in his/her life. They are expected to be the elites in the society. Thus, they should enhance their stress management abilities so as to live a healthy life after entering the society. When a child enters into the youth age, they need to not only adapt themselves to the new life and new environment but also be familiar with many new people, events, and things. The life stress on them is considerable. Therefore, understanding the sources of stress among them and how they can cope with the stress is very important. The researcher found that the stress mainly comes from academic tests, interpersonal relations, relationship problems, life changes, and career exploration. Such stress may usually cause psychological, physical, and behavioral problems. This study finds the causes of stress among youth. So after identifying causes the researcher suggests that more emphasis can be given to development stage of child into adolescence. They should be brought up in the positive environment. More emphasis should be given to the outdoor activities and create hostile learning environment by minimizing the negative impact of stressors. The findings will help the individual students, scholars, lecturers, career and counseling centers.</p>

Background: Indigenous young people have significantly higher suicide rates than their non-indigenous counterparts. There is a need for culturally appropriate and effective suicide prevention programs for this demographic. Aims: This review assesses suicide prevention programs that have been evaluated for indigenous youth in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. Method: The databases MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched for publications on suicide prevention programs targeting indigenous youth that include reports on evaluations and outcomes. Program content, indigenous involvement, evaluation design, program implementation, and outcomes were assessed for each article. Results: The search yielded 229 articles; 90 abstracts were assessed, and 11 articles describing nine programs were reviewed. Two Australian programs and seven American programs were included. Programs were culturally tailored, flexible, and incorporated multiple-levels of prevention. No randomized controlled trials were found, and many programs employed ad hoc evaluations, poor program description, and no process evaluation. Conclusion: Despite culturally appropriate content, the results of the review indicate that more controlled study designs using planned evaluations and valid outcome measures are needed in research on indigenous youth suicide prevention. Such changes may positively influence the future of research on indigenous youth suicide prevention as the outcomes and efficacy will be more reliable.

ABSTRACTIn 2011, Myanmar started its political transition after decades of military rule. In Kachin State this coincided with the breaking of a 17‐year ceasefire between the Kachin Independence Organization/Army (KIO/A) and the state army, the Tatmadaw. For youth living in Kachin State, this meant that opportunities for civic and political participation opened up while at the same time their context remained volatile and uncertain. Using citizenship theory and the concept of the 'everyday', this article analyses how youth in Kachin State connect the challenges they experience to their sense of citizenship, and how this informs everyday forms of youth action as well as youth participation in policy processes. The article argues that young people act out of moral and political reasons to 'build Kachin', in response to deeply historically rooted experiences of discrimination and state repression. While the agency of young people living in conflict settings is often believed to be limited to tactical agency for individual and immediate survival, an analysis of youth's experiences of citizenship shows that they also act strategically to advance the interests of their society.

ABSTRACTFor some youth in foster care, the closest family or family‐like relationships are with the foster parents with whom they have lived for extended periods of time. Nonetheless, child welfare agencies often do not explore these relationships and the potential they may hold for youth for legal permanence through adoption or guardianship. Recognizing that social workers often lack resources to help them initiate permanency conversations, Casey Family Services, a direct service child welfare agency in the USA, developed a tool that social workers can use to explore youth's sense of emotional security with their foster parents and foster parents' sense of claiming and attachment with youth in their care. The research literature that suggests that emotional security is a critical component of successful permanence provided the foundation for the development of the Belonging and Emotional Security Tool (BEST). When used with youth and foster parents, the BEST was found to advance meaningful permanency conversations. The authors provide case examples of its use and discuss future directions for using the BEST and broadening its application.

AbstractWhile research has consistently demonstrated a positive relationship between migration from rural areas and educational attainment, it is unclear whether migration is the driver of educational attainment or merely a mediator. The "rural brain drain" perspective suggests that young people leave rural areas if they have greater academic potential than their peers. A "migration gain" perspective implies that people, regardless of prior achievements, may move to invest in human capital, thereby gaining more education than those who do not move. This article uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 97 to test these competing predictions with multilevel/mixed‐effects models. Consistent with previous research, the study found that youth attained the least education if they stayed in non‐metro areas. By contrast, they gained more education if they moved not just from but also to non‐metro areas, consistent with the "migration gain" hypothesis. Academic performance alone did not explain the association between education and migration, contradicting the "rural brain drain" theory. However, academic performance and college enrollment, which are also influenced by available educational opportunities, together explain the association between migration and education significantly, suggesting that the educational outcomes of migrants are influenced by a combination of individual and institutional characteristics.

Die Lebenslage der Jugend in ländlichen Gemeinden. Die Ausbildungs-
und Arbeitssituation, die Berufsvorstellungen sowie politische
Einstellungen und persönliche Wertorientierungen von Jugendlichen.

Themen: Regionale und soziale Herkunft, Präferenz für Stadtnähe;
Bekleiden eines öffentlichen Amtes; Betreiben von
Nebenerwerbslandwirtschaft durch die Eltern; Geschwisterzahl;
Familienstand der Geschwister; falls verheiratet: Tätigkeit des
Ehegatten und Ehedauer; Neigung, einen Landwirt zu heiraten;
Wohnverhältnisse sowie Art und Anzahl der Haushaltsmitglieder;
Haushaltsausstattung; Führerscheinbesitz; Konsumgüter- sowie Haus- und
Grundbesitz; Gartenbesitz; Größe des landwirtschaftlichen Betriebes;
Regelung der Hofübergabe und Einstellung zu der getroffenen Regelung;
Hoferbe; Interesse an Einheirat; Hof verkaufen oder verpachten;
"richtige" Kinderzahl; Einstellung zu unehelichen Kindern; lokales
Wohlbefinden; Angaben zum Zeitbudget während der verschiedenen
Jahreszeiten, in Form von durchschnittlichen Aufstehzeiten, Schlafzeiten
und Feierabendbeginn; Angaben über Tätigkeiten und Aufenthalte sowie
Interaktionspartner während der letzten drei Abende; liebster
Freizeitpartner; Anzahl der Urlaubstage 1979 und Aufenthalte außerhalb
des Wohnorts; Reisetage; Reiseentfernungen; Auslandsaufenthalte;
Fremdsprachenkenntnisse; Interessensschwerpunkte und Freizeitbudget;
Nutzungshäufigkeit von Zeitungen und Zeitschriften sowie
Lesegewohnheiten; betriebene Sportarten; Freundeskreis und Treffen mit
Freunden; Vereinszugehörigkeit; Anzahl der Mitgliedschaften;
Zufriedenheit mit dem Freizeitangebot; Religiosität; Einstellung zu
verschiedenen Glaubenssätzen und zum Beten; Einstellung zur kirchlichen
Trauung; vermutete Einstellung der Leute zu einer Lebensgemeinschaft
ohne Trauschein; politisches Interesse; Parteipräferenz (Sonntagsfrage);
Bereitschaft zum Engagement in der Gemeinde; Demokratieverständnis und
politisches Engagement; perzipierte Gefahren für den Staat durch
ausgewählte gesellschaftliche Gruppierungen; Beurteilung der
Regierungsmaßnahmen für die Landjugend und die Landwirtschaft;
Einstellungen zu Subventionen für die Landwirtschaft; Stellung der
Landwirtschaft im Staat; Einstellung zur Nebenerwerbslandwirtschaft, zu
Umweltschutz, zur Überbebauung, zur Masttierhaltung, zum Pflanzenschutz,
zur Hühnerhaltung und zum Leistungsprinzip; eigene Kenntnisse über
Umweltverschmutzungen; Innovationsbereitschaft; Entscheidungsverhalten;
elterliche Bevormundung; detaillierte Angaben zum schulischen und
beruflichen Bildungsweg; Bildungsaspiration; Einstellung zu
Erwachsenenweiterbildung (Skala); eigener Berufswunsch erfüllt; Verlauf
der Berufsentscheidung und Berufsberatung; Zufriedenheit mit der
Berufswahl; Berufswechsel und Gründe für Berufswechsel; (bei
erwerbstätigen Frauen: Gründe für die Nebenerwerbstätigkeit;)
Beschreibung des Betriebs im Hauptberuf; Arbeitszufriedenheit und Kritik
an der Berufstätigkeit; wöchentliche Arbeitszeit; Schichtarbeit;
Sicherheit des Arbeitsplatzes und Arbeitslosigkeit; Dauer der
Arbeitsversuche und Hilfe durch das Arbeitsamt; Verkehrsmittelnutzung
auf dem Weg zur Arbeit und Wegezeit; Einstellung zur Berufstätigkeit von
Frauen und Müttern (Skala); Berufserwartungen und Erfüllung dieser
Erwartungen; allgemeine Beurteilung der persönlichen Lebenslage;
wichtigste Kriterien für berufliches Fortkommen; Beurteilung der
Zukunftsaussichten; psychologische Selbstcharakterisierung; wichtigste
Quellen des Lebensunterhalts; Erhalt von Taschengeld; Beurteilung der
Bezahlung; verfügbares Einkommen und Angaben über die Art der
anfallenden Ausgaben; Haustyp und Ortstyp.

Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Familienstand; Konfession; Bundesland.

Interviewerrating: Anwesenheit anderer Personen; Eingreifen Dritter
ins Interview; Interesse am Interview.

Zusätzlich verkodet wurden: Gemeindegröße 1953, Ortsgröße 1979,
Bevölkerungsentwicklung 1950-1970; Gemeindetyp 1970; Erwerbsstruktur und
Unterhaltsstruktur.

Indizes: Gläubigkeit; Demokratieverständnis; Agrarideologie;
Umwelteinstellung; Ökologieverständnis; Rationalität; Einstellung zur
Weiterbildung; Lebensprobleme; Ausbildungsstand; Einstellung zur
Berufstätigkeit der Frau.

This paper investigated the role of youths in effective implementation of security and social development intervention in Nigeria. The Evolutionary Theory of Social Development and Human Development Theory were used to explain the role of youths in effective implementation of security and social development intervention in Nigeria, but the latter was adopted in the study due to its adequacy in addressing the problem and linking the variables under study (youths, security development and social development intervention). The study found that the role of youths in effective implementation of security and social development intervention in Nigeria cannot be over-emphasized. This is because youths have been deeply involved in various self-help projects in various Local and State Governments in Nigeria. Their areas of interventions cover projects involving trade, commerce, security, Home Economics, small and medium term enterprises and agriculture, anti-corruption, counterterrorism, community policing and drug-free clubs among others. The paper concluded that youths have many means of contributing to the development of their societies. Many local and international NGOs are either initiated by the Nigerian youths or co-opt our youths to intervene in the above mentioned areas. Some of them are backed by the government to execute their activities or pressurise the government to be responsive to the citizens in the area of security and social development. This is conditioned by the youths' social and psychological disposition and level of productivity. However, the productivity of the youths and their role in the security and social development of Nigeria depends on the government's willingness to empower the youths in social, economic and political terms.Keywords: Development, Security, Role of Youths in Nigeria, Social Development Intervention, Youths

As in many developing countries, young people in Kenya and Senegal (aged 10–20) account for about 25 percent of the population. To ensure their future contribution to their countries, it is of vital strategic importance to safeguard their welfare. Rapid social change in both countries exposes youth to sexual and reproductive health (RH) risks, including unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections including HIV, and sexual violence. Beginning in 1999, the Population Council's FRONTIERS program conducted operations research studies that tested the feasibility, acceptability, and cost of a public-sector, multisectoral intervention to enhance young people's RH knowledge and behavior. Study findings showed improvement in young people's RH behavior and knowledge, successful engagement of government ministries, and increased understanding of RH needs among communities. Communities and the participating ministries in Kenya and Senegal expressed interest in incorporating elements from these interventions into their routine operations. FRONTIERS and its local partners launched follow-up projects in both countries to adapt, expand, institutionalize, and scale up the activities. This brief describes the processes involved in institutionalizing and scaling up the multisectoral interventions.

Mindfulness is an actively engaged state of mind when an individual is attuned to their surrounding multi-sensory elements. Mindful learning experiences during youth programs may enhance learning and the overall quality of experiences. We developed, executed, and evaluated an end-of-day structured mindfulness experience during a 4-H travel camp. In this paper we summarize the program and its outcomes and share details we believe will assist other youth professionals who may want to build structured mindfulness experiences into their own programs. Through the 4-H Global Travelers program, 20 youth participated in a 7-day travel camp in Argentina. At the end of each day campers gathered to engage in a 20-minute guided reflection of that day's activities. We projected photographs taken throughout the day to facilitate recall of and reflection on their experiences that day. Campers' responses to questions about the quality of their experience immediately following each of the mindful reflection sessions showed that sessions were highly absorbing, mindful learning experiences.

This volume draws on the ecojustice, citizen science and youth activism literature base in science education and applies the ideas to situated tensions as they are either analyzed theoretically or praxiologically within science education pedagogy. It uses ecojustice to evaluate the holistic connections between cultural and natural systems, environmentalism, sustainability and Earth-friendly marketing trends, and introduces citizen science and youth activism as two of the pedagogical ways ecojustice philosophy can be enacted. It also comprises evidence-based practice with international service, community embedded curriculum, teacher preparation, citizen monitoring and community activism, student-scientist partnerships, socioscientific issues, and new avenues for educational research.

It is well known that the pathways to homelessness for young people are embedded in often ongoing negative childhood experiences. Many of these experiences are rooted in multiple and intersecting problems including, but not limited to: family conflict, abuse, addictions, and mental health issues. The authors draw upon qualitative interviews conducted with 15 homeless male and female youth between the ages of 16 and 24 in a suburban area of Southern Ontario, Canada. We describe these young people's perceptions of family experiences and find support for Elliott Currie's (2004) proposition that a broader ethos of individualism and intolerant parenting underpins many youth experiences in contemporary society.

Studying white racial learning processes responsibly, accurately, and effectively requires scholars to build on existing empirical and theoretical work on race, racism, and whiteness across disciplines; embrace creative youth‐centered qualitative methods; and remain focused on the larger purpose of this work—dismantling systems of racism and oppression. This comment explores these themes in relation to the special issue on whiteness and adolescence.

Digitalization in the modern era has provided opportunities for the youths to participate in this information and social spheres. The concentrated use of social media has contributed to the astonishing factor among the voters where social media has changed the preferences of youths toward the right to vote. The research aims to investigate the contributions and preferences of youths toward political participation in the contemporary discussion in Indonesia. This research was quantitative research using a purposive random sampling technique to give equal opportunity to each respondent. The mode of data collection was an online survey. The majority of the respondents in this research were the student of the universities. Data were collected in April 2019 to examine the interest of youths in general elections in Indonesia. This research found that social media and Social Networking Sites (SNSs) have provided a unique platform to discuss political matters and 'take apart' in political discussions. Existing in-depth researches on this phenomenon show that political awareness among youths in Indonesia is an essential part and social media is the leading indicator. This research suggested some recommendations for to usage of social media for the socialization of youths.