Suchergebnisse

International political economy is both a discipline and a set of global practices and conditions. This volume explores how the two are related, illustrating the changing character of the global political economy, as well as changing perspectives on that character. The authors first consider how social issues, policy concerns, and philosophical judgments help constitute IPE both as a worldview and as a discipline. A central theme here is the reciprocal creation of the discipline and the social practices said to comprise it. Subsequent chapters illustrate the incongruence between the nature of the social world as alleged in IPE's premises—which often distortedly frame issues—and the alternative characterizations available from other social groups, behaviors, and approaches. Finally, conclusions are drawn about the tensions between "conventional" and "alternative" framings of the international political economy, raising questions about the nature, consequences, and insights of diverse approaches to IPE

The paper deals with racism based on colour as a factor in international relations. White racism has created a vertical schism in the international system as well as in several national subsystems. The revolt of the non-white peoples against white racism, both at the systemic and at the subsystemic level has led to a global race conflict which threatens to undermine the stability of the international system. Neither the 'class theory' nor the 'caste theory' explains the social stratification represented by contemporary colour racism; it must be regarded as an independent sociological category. One solution to the problem of global racism lies in a structural reorganization of the economic relations between the white and the non-white peoples, along with the promotion of global communication with effective feedback across the colour line. It is also necessary to substitute the new paradigm of world order for the old paradigm of national sovereignty.

Is there an intersection between the application of Public International Law with the political conduction of international relations? Should International Law, International Order and International Rules be redefined? How can such an intersection be found? The investigation seeks to extrapolate new definitions and an International Law axiom by utilizing sundry approaches to the state of the question which is properly laid out as well as some terms defined previous to the discussion by utilizing "approaches." The investigation is carried out by using the Cartesian method or that of Descartes and followers and the formal and material logical structures. Eventually new definitions and an axiom by extrapolating analyses categories are laid out. Hence, approaches such as the "legalistic" one, the "natural law" one, the "religious," the "extra-legal" one, the "eclectic" one, the "effective" one and the "UN proposed" one are analyzed in-depth upon observing the experience and current factual situation even though noting that those approaches are neither mutually exclusive nor "pure," but representative as the examples supporting them show. The paper's bottom line is no other than zeroing in on one of the oldest of International Law's wounds: That of its effectiveness. But by pointing out various moot points and by reflecting on the different reality stages, one can conclude that the material mission of the law as well as the aims of international order are eventually attained. Nonetheless in concluding and setting out the axioms and new definitions, the existing political power within a democratic framework should not be overlooked as the praxis of International Law meets that of international power to form then a juxtaposition. So, regardless of some international instruments being deemed as substantial law, one has to ask whether what the international community calls "breaking of law," is rather a breaking of procedures or adjective mandates. ; ¿Existe un punto de equilibrio o balance entre lo que es la aplicación del derecho internacional público y el manejo político de las relaciones internacionales? ¿Deben los conceptos de Derecho Internacional, Orden Internacional y Reglas Internacionales ser redefinidos? ¿Cómo se puede encontrar un punto de equilibrio? Esta investigación busca la extrapolación de nuevas definiciones y de un axioma de Derecho Internacional utilizando para ello varias aproximaciones al estado de la cuestión que es presentada así como términos previamente definidos en forma anterior al inicio de la discusión que utiliza las denominadas "aproximaciones." La investigación se lleva a cabo usando el método cartesiano y las estructuras de la lógica formal y material. Al final, nuevas definiciones y un axioma son presentadas usando para ello distintas categorías de análisis. Así, "aproximaciones" como la "religiosa o teocrática," o la "extra-legal," o la "legalista," o la "efectiva," o la del "derecho natural," la "ecléctica," la del "deber ser" y finalmente la "efectiva" son analizadas en profundidad a través de la observación de la experiencia y la situación actual, aun cuando haciendo notar que dichas aproximaciones no son mutuamente excluyentes, no tampoco "puras," pero sí representativas como los ejemplos que las soportan muestran. La idea subyacente de la investigación no es otra que centrarse en uno de los temas más importantes del derecho internacional: su efectividad. Pero al señalar varios puntos de discusión y a través de la reflexión de los diferentes escenarios reales, se puede concluir que la misión material del derecho internacional al final se cumple. No obstante, al concluir y al trazar el axioma y nuevas definiciones, no puede olvidarse el poder político existente dentro de un marco democrático por cuanto la praxis del derecho internacional se encuentra con la del poder internacional para formar una intersección. De tal manera, que independientemente de que algunos instrumentos internacionales se tengan como norma sustantiva, debe preguntarse uno si lo que la comunidad internacional llama "violación del derecho" no es una pero de meras reglas adjetivas.

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Difficult Questions, Different Answers -- Development Data -- About This Book -- How to Use The Book -- 1. What Is Development? -- Goals and Means of Development -- Sustainable Development -- 2. Comparing Levels of Development -- Gross Domestic Product and Gross National Product -- Grouping Countries by Their Level of Development -- 3. World Population Growth -- 4. Economic Growth Rates -- 5. Income Inequality -- Cross-country Comparisons of Income Inequality -- Lorenz Curves and Gini Indexes -- Costs and Benefits of Income Inequality -- 6. Poverty and Hunger -- The Nature of Poverty -- The Geography of Poverty -- The Vicious Circle of Poverty -- The Challenge of Hunger -- 7. Education -- Education and Human Capital -- Primary Education and Literacy -- Issues in Secondary and Tertiary Education -- 8. Health and Longevity -- Global Trends -- Population Age Structures -- The Burden of Infectious Disease -- Lifestyle Challenges -- 9. Industrialization and Postindustrialization -- Major Structural Shifts -- Knowledge Revolution -- Implications for Development Sustainability -- 10. Urban Air Pollution -- Particulate Air Pollution -- Airborne Lead Pollution -- 11. Public and Private Enterprises: Finding the Right Mix -- The Dilemma of Public-Private Ownership -- Is There a Trend toward Privatization? -- 12. Globalization: International Trade and Migration -- Waves of Modern Globalization -- Costs and Benefits of Free Trade -- Geography and Composition of Global Trade -- International Migration -- 13. Globalization: Foreign Investment and Foreign Aid -- Private Capital Flows -- Official Development Assistance -- 14. The Risk of Global Climate Change -- Whose Responsibility Is It? -- Will the North-South cooperation work? -- 15. Composite Indicators of Development -- "Development Diamonds".

This book examines how China's decentralization process has affected and will affect the country's macroeconomic performance and the functioning of the market. With an innovative application of game theory, the author develops an analytical framework that can explain the behaviour of the central and local governments under alternative institutional environments. The study also suggests how to establish desirable rules of games in China's political and economic institutions through appropriate reforms.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Internal and External Balance -- 3 International Monetary Arrangements -- 4 The Freeing of World Trade -- 5 Regional Arrangements for Freer Trade -- 6 Policies towards Capital Flows and Economic Aid -- 7 The International Co-ordination of Economic Policy -- Index.