Forum article on international political sociology and phenomenology concludes that knowledge must not be conceptualized as some kind of mysterious relational "connector" between individuals and community but as something which is co-original with them and their communicative interactions -- a process of "social construction" of order and identities in which they are perpetually triangulated and differentiated. Adapted from the source document.
In: Knowledge and process management: the journal of corporate transformation ; the official journal of the Institute of Business Process Re-engineering, Band 9, Heft 1, S. 12-22
Marketing researchers and psychologists have widely used the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict intention and behavior (Ajzen, 1991), but less attention has been given to the implementation of TPB in the business economy and particularly in primary production and business sectors (P&BS). The scope of the study is to identify the articles published during the past decades concerning the use of TPB alone or in combination with other theories which investigate managers' or employees' behaviors and intentions in P&BS. This paper reviews 334 articles abstracts, and the analysis conducts a distribution of articles per publication year, per economy sector, per theme area, as well as a citation analysis, journal contribution to the TPB in P&BS, and detection of other theories used in combination with TPB in P&BS. The results of the analysis revealed that the TPB has been used successfully in a variety of disciplines and that the areas of interest are also broad (Krueger & Carsrud, 1993; Zapkau et al., 2015). Finally, the most important theories used in combination with TPB constructs, are presented (Saeedi et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2022), and some suggestions for potential future research on the subject and implications are provided.
Waltz's 1979 book, Theory of International Politics, is the most influential in the history of the discipline. It worked its effects to a large extent through raising the bar for what counted as theoretical work, in effect reshaping not only realism but rivals like liberalism and reflectivism. Yet, ironically, there has been little attention paid to Waltz's very explicit and original arguments about the nature of theory. This article explores and explicates Waltz's theory of theory. Central attention is paid to his definition of theory as 'a picture, mentally formed' and to the radical anti-empiricism and anti-positivism of his position. Followers and critics alike have treated Waltzian neorealism as if it was at bottom a formal proposition about cause--effect relations. The extreme case of Waltz being so victorious in the discipline, and yet being so consistently misinterpreted on the question of theory, shows the power of a dominant philosophy of science in US IR, and thus the challenge facing any ambitious theorising. The article suggests a possible movement of fronts away from the 'fourth debate' between rationalism and reflectivism towards one of theory against empiricism. To help this new agenda, the article introduces a key literature from the philosophy of science about the structure of theory, and particularly about the way even natural science uses theory very differently from the way IR's mainstream thinks it does -- and much more like the way Waltz wants his theory to be used. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Ltd., copyright holder.]
Waltz's 1979 book, Theory of International Politics, is the most influential in the history of the discipline. It worked its effects to a large extent through raising the bar for what counted as theoretical work, in effect reshaping not only realism but rivals like liberalism and reflectivism. Yet, ironically, there has been little attention paid to Waltz's very explicit and original arguments about the nature of theory. This article explores and explicates Waltz's theory of theory. Central attention is paid to his definition of theory as `a picture, mentally formed' and to the radical anti-empiricism and anti-positivism of his position. Followers and critics alike have treated Waltzian neorealism as if it was at bottom a formal proposition about cause—effect relations. The extreme case of Waltz being so victorious in the discipline, and yet being so consistently misinterpreted on the question of theory, shows the power of a dominant philosophy of science in US IR, and thus the challenge facing any ambitious theorising. The article suggests a possible movement of fronts away from the `fourth debate' between rationalism and reflectivism towards one of theory against empiricism. To help this new agenda, the article introduces a key literature from the philosophy of science about the structure of theory, and particularly about the way even natural science uses theory very differently from the way IR's mainstream thinks it does — and much more like the way Waltz wants his theory to be used.
