Suchergebnisse

THE PAPER EXAMINES THE WAYS GOVERNMENT POLICIES HAVE CAUSED AND/OR HELPED TO PERPETUATE THE POLARIZATION OF BLACK ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SINCE THE MID-1960'S - AN URBAN UNDERCLASS DEVELOPING ALONGSIDE A SMALL MIDDLE CLASS. SPECIFIC POLICIES AND PROGRAMS EXAMINED INCLUDE PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT, PUBLIC ASSISTANCE AND WORKER TRAINING.

The dispute between the empiricist and interpretivist conceptions of the social sciences is properly conceived not as a matter of reduction or covering laws. Features specific to the social sciences include the following. Explanations of human behavior make reference to intentional causation; social phenomena are permeated with mental components and are self-referential; social science explanations have not been as successful as those in natural science because of their concern with intentional causation, because their explanations must be identical with the propositional content of the mind of the actor, and because a social phenomenon exists only if people believe it exists. Elements of an apparatus necessary to analyze this problematic social ontology are given and include selfreferentiality, constitutive rules, collective intentionality, linguistic permeation of the facts, systematic interrelationships among social facts, and primacy of acts over objects.

The central polarizations inherent in management theory are systematically analyzed. Group field dynamics, an integration and extension of Bales's SYMLOG and Lewin's field theory, is presented as a unifying model that allows for the detailed exploration of polarizations within management groups. A stereotypical key management group is then taken as the starting point for a consideration of polarization within organizations. A computer-assisted method of polarization analysis and an automated report writer are demonstrated and three other configurations of group members are discussed in terms of level of polarization and predicted team effectiveness.

Intelligence gouvernementale et sciences sociales.
Vincent Spenlehauer [95-128].
Après 1945 en France, les rapports entre sciences sociales et action publique ont été fortement conditionnés par la constitution et les évolutions d'un appareil d'expertise socio-économique interne à l'État central et dont les expressions les plus fameuses sont «planification», «rationalisation des choix budgétaires», «évaluation des politiques publiques». L'auteur rend compte de la vie de cet appareil d'expertise, décrit les contradictions qui en minent la pertinence gouvernementale, et suggère que les sciences sociales auraient aujourd'hui tout à gagner à édulcorer leur positionnement autonomiste vis-à-vis de l'action publique.

When stripped to the bare bone, there are only 11 foundational paradigms in social sciences. These foundational paradigms are like flashlights that can be utilized to shed light on different aspects of human society, but each of them can only shed light on a limited area of human society. Different schools in social science result from different but often incomplete combinations of these foundational paradigms. To adequately understand human society and its history, we need to deploy all 11 foundational paradigms, although more limited combinations of them may be adequate for understanding more specific social facts.

Extrait : ""La méthode historique est la méthode employée pour constituer l'histoire; elle sert à déterminer scientifiquement les faits historiques, puis à les grouper en un système scientifique. Il semble donc au premier abord, tant qu'on reste dans la logique formelle, qu'il existe une science spéciale, l'histoire, que cette science étudie une certaine catégorie de faits, les faits historiques, et qu'elle les étudie par une méthode appropriée à la nature de ces faits ... ""À PROPOS DES ÉDITIONS LIGARANLes éditions LIGARAN proposent des versions numériques de qualité de grands livres de la lit