Suchergebnisse

Preliminary Material -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Responsibility in Peace Support Operations: Revisiting the Proper Test for Attribution of Conduct and the Meaning of the Effective Control Standard -- 3 Norm Conflict under Security Council Decisions and Human Rights Law -- 4 Appraising Extraterritorial Human Rights Obligations in a Post-conflict Environment: Security Detainee Cases in the Context of UN-authorised Military Missions -- 5 The Complex Relationship between International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law and Its Implications for Security Detention Cases in UN-authorised Security Missions -- 6 Security Detention Practices during the International Territorial Administration of Kosovo -- 7 Security Detention Practices during the International Territorial Administration of East Timor -- 8 Security Detention Practices during the International Territorial Administration of Iraq -- 9 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.

The growing sociology of International Relations literature systematically investigates the discipline's organization and inner structuring. Making the academic field cognizant of its own institutional and intellectual configurations, the literature today empowers scholars to engage critically with the analytical, geocultural, and political lenses through which International Relations explains world politics. This contribution notwithstanding, there is a continuing focus in the literature on leading (flagship) publications as indicators of intellectual proclivities, and on International Relations scholars as their only relevant audiences. This article challenges this focus and expands the sociology of International Relations literature's scope of analysis. Making the case for an inquiry into classroom socialization practices, it maps the paradigmatic, geocultural, gendered, and historical perspectives taught to students in the case of 23 American and European International Relations graduate programs. Pointing to differences between the instructed and the published discipline, the article shows how the instructed discipline is governed and constrained by different kinds of intellectual parochialisms. Problematizing the educative functions of these, it advocates a more self-reflexive understanding of International Relations teaching (a domain in which scholars have greater agency) and the enactment of a critical pedagogy of international studies. [Reprinted by permission; copyright Sage Publications Ltd. & ECPR-European Consortium for Political Research.]

International audience This article examines the causal relations between immigration and the characteristics of the housing market in host regions. We constructed a unique database from administrative records and used it to assess annual migration flows into France's twenty-two administrative regions from 1990 to 2013. We then estimated various panel vector autoregression models, taking into account gross domestic product per capita and the unemployment rate as the main regional economic indicators. We find that immigration has no significant effect on property prices but that higher property prices significantly reduce immigration rates. We also find no significant relationship between immigration and social housing supply.

By more familiarity of people to the positive aspects of arbitration, the tendency to the dispute of arbitration has been more, but every time this issue is not possible simply because the parties may not have the required qualifications to adjust the arbitration agreement or the law that parties have considered ruling on the arbitration agreement, is invalid or if the agreement is adjusted in Iran due to the explicit opposition of law ruling to Iran's law, agreement loses its validity; Which this issue can follow the effects such as competent of judicial authorities in handling disputes. So the familiarity of parties can be important with the conditions of validity and effects of arbitration agreement. In this article, it is tried to be investigated and analyzed the validity conditions and the effects of arbitration agreements in domestic and international law of Iran and the rules of arbitration of the International Chamber of commerce separately and ruled procedure.

This study assesses and explains international bureaucracies' performance and role as policy advisors and as expert authorities from the perspective of domestic stakeholders. International bureaucracies are the secretariats of international organizations that carry out their work including generating knowledge, providing policy advice and implementing policy programs and projects. Scholars increasingly regard them as governance actors that are able to influence global and domestic policy making. In order to explain this influence, research has mainly focused on international bureaucracies' formal features and/or staff characteristics. The way in which they are actually perceived by their domestic stakeholders, in particular by national bureaucrats, has not been systematically studied. Yet, this is equally important, given that they represent international bureaucracies' addressees and are actors that (potentially) make use of international bureaucracies' policy advice, which can be seen as an indicator for international bureaucracies' ...

Intro -- List of abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1 History and definition of the threats of force -- Introduction -- 1.1 The history of the prohibition of threats of force -- 1.2 Definition of the threat of force -- 1.2.1 Forms of threats of force -- 1.2.2 Subjective elements - intent to use force and credibility of threats -- 1.2.3 The objective of the threat of force -- 1.2.4 Other elements of the threat of force -- 1.2.5 Summary -- 2 The status of the prohibition of the threats of force -- Introduction -- 2.1 The prohibition of the threats of force v. the prohibition of the use of force -- 2.1.1 '[A]gainst the territorial integrity and political independence or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations' -- 2.1.2 Exceptions to the prohibition of the threats of force -- 2.2 Other norms breached by the threat of force -- 2.3 Different kinds of threats -- 2.4 Is the prohibition of threats of force a peremptory norm or a customary norm? -- 2.5 Conclusions -- 3 Threats of force in practice -- Introduction -- 3.1 Threats of force as actions -- 3.1.1 Threats of force involving the movement of armed forces -- 3.1.1.1 Military manoeuvres -- 3.1.1.2 Concentration of forces -- 3.1.1.3 Mobilization of forces -- 3.1.2 Possession of nuclear weapons -- 3.1.3 Violation of airspace and territorial waters -- 3.2 Oral threats of force -- 3.3 Written threats of force -- 3.4 Ultimatums -- 3.5 Domestic legislation of states -- 3.6 War propaganda -- 3.7 'Accumulation of events' as a threat of force -- 3.8 Conclusions -- 4 Responses to threats of force -- Introduction -- 4.1 Responses to threats of force under the framework of international organizations -- 4.1.1 The United Nations -- 4.1.1.1 The UN Security Council -- 4.1.1.2 The UN General Assembly -- 4.1.1.3 Other UN organs -- 4.1.2 Organs outside the United Nations.