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This article contributes towards ongoing debates on gender, security and post-conflict studies. Its focus is on the activities of male peace-keepers and their gendered relations with women and girls. Against the backdrop of the peacekeeping economies in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sierra Leone, we focus on the consequencesof male peacekeepers' construction and enactment of masculinity (and masculinities) on the security of local women. We concludeby suggesting that a deeper understanding of gender relations and security in peacekeeping contexts is necessary for any policy intervention in post-conflict settings.

AbstractConstruction starts of skyscrapers predict subsequent U.S. stock returns. The predictive ability exceeds that of alternatives such as the prevailing historical mean, predictions based on dividend ratios, and recently suggested combination forecasts. One explanation for these patterns is that tower building is indicative of overoptimism; alternatively, tower building could help identify periods of low risk premia. I present indirect evidence that is consistent with both explanations.

"UC-2 - General, Miscellaneous, and Progress Reports." ; "Director's Division, Civil Defense Research Project." ; "March 1972." ; Includes bibliographical references (page 16). ; Operated by Union Carbide Corporation for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission : ; Mode of access: Internet.

Seit 40 Jahren herrscht in Afghanistan Krieg. Bisher war die Frage der Machtverteilung, also die Definition der Hoheitsgebiete der einzelnen Elitefraktionen, nicht klar zu erkennen. Frangis Dadfar Spanta untersucht die unterschiedlichen Konfliktdynamiken, um dann Lösungsschritte für einen Friedensbildungsprozess vorzuschlagen. Anhand der unterschiedlichen Eliten aus Politik, Kultur, Wirtschaft, Medien, Bildung und Religion zeichnet sie die Patronage-Klientel-Netzwerke nach. Eine Besonderheit der Studie bilden Interviews mit Ashraf Ghani, Hamid Karzai, Abdullah Abdullah, Atta Noor sowie mit einem Taliban-Repräsentanten. Die Untersuchung ist aufgrund seiner theoretischen und methodischen Herangehensweise sowohl für Politik- und Sozialwissenschaftler_innen als auch für Anthropolog_innen lesenswert

By reviewing and comparing literature on the role of ICTs in statebuilding and peacebuildingin Africa, with a particular focus on neighboring Somalia, Kenya, and Ethiopia, this paperexamines whether the claims of the transformative power of ICTs are backed by evidence andwhether local knowledge – e.g., traditional mechanisms for conflict resolution – is taken intoconsideration by ICT-based initiatives. Several key findings emerged, including: 1) empiricalevidence on the successful use of ICTs to promote peacebuilding and statebuilding is thin; 2)few differences exist between scholarship emanating from the Global North and from Africa;and 3) the literature exhibits a simplistic assumption that ICTs will drive democraticdevelopment without sufficient consideration of how ICTs are actually used by the public. ; Working paper

When political opponents Ian Paisley and Martin McGuiness were confirmed as First Minister and Deputy First Minister of a new Northern Ireland executive in May 2007, a chapter was closed on Northern Ireland's troubled past. A dramatic realignment of politics had brought these irreconcilable enemies together-and the media played a significant role in persuading the public to accept this startling change. The Propaganda of Peace places their role in a wider cultural context and examines a broad range of factual and fictional representations, from journalism and public museum exhibitions to film, television drama and situation comedy. The authors propose a radically different theoretical and methodological approach to the media's role in reporting and representing. They ask whether the 'propaganda of peace' actually promotes the abandonment of a politically engaged public sphere at the very moment when public debate about neo-liberalism, financial meltdown and social and economic inequality make it most necessary

Atatürk problemlerin çözümünde daima barış yanlısı olmuştur. Barışı sadece ülkesi için değil, bütün dünya için istemiştir. Bu düşüncesini "Yurtta Barış, Dünya'da Barış" sözüyle ifade etmiştir. Atatürk, Milli Mücadele döneminde de barışın sağlanması için çalışmıştır. Bunu gerçekleştirmenin yolunun da işgalin sona erdirilmesi olduğunu belirtmiştir. Ancak İtilaf devletleri işgalden vazgeçmedikleri için Türk Milleti bağımsızlığını kazanmak amacıyla cephede mücadele etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Atatürk, zafer kazanıldıktan sonra da kalıcı bir barış antlaşmasının gerçekleşmesi için gayret göstermiştir. Bu gayretler sonucu imzalanan Lozan Antlaşması'ndan sonra da barışçı politikasını sürdürmüştür. Başta komşu devletler olmak üzere tüm devletlerle iyi ilişkilerde bulunmuş ve Balkan Paktı ile Sadabat Paktı'nın kurulmasına öncülük etmiştir. Dünyadaki bütün barışçı çalışmaları desteklemiş, savaşları önleme ve silahsızlanmaya yönelik çabaların tamamında yer almıştır. Türkiye'nin dünyada barışı sağlamak amacıyla kurulan Birleşmiş Milletler'e üye olmasına da katkıda bulunmuştur ; Atatürk has always been in favor of peace in solution of problems he encountered. He wanted the peace not only for his country but also for the entire world. He expressed this view as "Peace in home, peace on the world". He also tried to establish a peacefull environment during the National Struggle. He stated that the way to enable this was putting the enemy invasion to the end. But he had to war in order to gain independence for his country because the Allied Nations didn't give up invading it. Atatürk also made efforts to provide a permanent peace agreement following the victory. He sustained his peaceful policies after Lausenne Agreement signed by means of these efforts. He made good contacts with other countries, especially those surrounding Turkey and led to Balcan Agreement and Sadabat Agreement. He supported all peaceful efforts on the world and tried to prevent wars and took part in efforts to enable disarmament. He contributed to Turkey for it to be a member of United Nations founded to provide peace on the world.

Sovereign immunity — Property of foreign States — immunity from execution — Forcible sale of building leased for use as embassy premises — Measures of execution subject to authorisation of minister of justice — Whether unauthorised measures void or voidable — Whether private individual or only foreign State entitled to invoke lack of authorisation of such measures — The law of Greece

Does foreign aid build peace? The answer is of paramount importance for policy makers and practitioners, given that the world's poor are growing increasingly concentrated in conflict-affected countries. Scholars have also demonstrated keen interest, primarily examining the relationship between foreign aid and civil wars. This review takes stock of the existing literature through a survey of key theoretical arguments connecting aid to the onset, dynamics, and recurrence of civil wars. It then articulates a key challenge posed by undertheorization of aid allocation, which is largely nonrandom, making the causal effects difficult to infer. I identify five areas in need of greater attention: microfoundational theoretical assumptions about aid flows; aid in the context of other foreign policy options; explicit articulation of other factors that may mediate or moderate aid's effects; levels of observation and aggregation; and measurement.

Contextos y perspectivas del proceso de paz / Gustavo Porras Castejón -- Prospects for compliance : the Guatemalan military and the peace accords / Jennifer Schirmer -- El problema de la desmilitarización en la Guatemala del post-conflicto armado / Edgar Gutiérrez -- Human rights, land conflict and memories of the violence in the Ixil Country of Nothern Quiché / David Stoll -- Gobernabilidad democráctica y derechos indígenas en Guatemala / Demetrio Cojití Cuxil -- Ethnicity and the Guatemalan Peace Process / Roger Plant -- Customary law and local power in Guatemala / Rachel Sieder -- Reflexiones en torno a la legitimidad del estado, la nación y la identidad en el marco de los Acuerdos de Paz en Guatemala / Marta Elena Casaús Arzú -- Alcances y limitaciones de la Comisión para el esclarecimiento histórico de las violaciones a los derechos humanos y los hechos de violencia que han causado sufrimiento a la población guatemalteca / Marta Altolaguirre -- The right to truth and the right to justice as preconditions for the rule of law / Frank La Rue -- The politics of remembering and forgetting in Guatemala / Richard Wilson -- From guerillas to politicians : the transition of the Guatemalan revolutionary movement in historical and comparative perspective / Anna Vinegrad -- Una reforma política para la paz / Alfonso Portillo -- Los Acuerdos de Paz, los pueblos indígenas y la reforma política / Rosalina Tuyuc

"The Ethics of War and Peace is a lively introduction to one of the oldest but still most relevant ethical debates. Focusing on the philosophical questions surrounding the ethics of modern war, Helen Frowe presents contemporary just war theory in a stimulating and accessible way. This third edition has been revised and updated throughout, with additional material covering belligerents' duties to refugees, the scope of jus ad bellum, indirect intervention and alternatives to intervention, and the withdrawal of forces from Afghanistan. The book also covered key topics, including: theories of self-defence and national defence jus ad bellum, jus in bello and jus post bellum the moral status of combatants humanitarian intervention weapons and technology the principle of non-combatant immunity the nature of terrorism and the moral status of terrorists. Each chapter uses examples and concludes with a summary, discussion questions and suggestions for further reading to aid student engagement, learning and revision. A glossary covers the full range of relevant terminology. This is the ideal textbook for students of philosophy and politics approaching this important area for the first time"--

Germany is one of the key donors when it comes to peace and security initiatives through international organisations such as the United Nations (UN) or the European Union, as well as civil society organisations. Generally, the awareness for an intersectional gender dimension in programmes and projects dealing with peace and security initiatives has increased during the last two decades, also through various funding schemes. By now there exists a relatively comprehensive normative framework around gender, peace and security issues that guides and highlights the different dimensions and entry points to respond to gender specific considerations in peace building, conflict resolution and transitional justice. This paper outlines such framework in relation and relevance to Germany's foreign policy and development cooperation. To better understand the effects and impact of Germany's contribution to the implementation of the women, peace and security agenda on the ground, a total of ten projects funded and supported by ifa's zivik Funding programme have been reviewed to identify good practices and lessons learned.

Germany is one of the key donors when it comes to peace and security initiatives through international organisations such as the United Nations (UN) or the European Union, as well as civil society organisations. Generally, the awareness for an intersectional gender dimension in programmes and projects dealing with peace and security initiatives has increased during the last two decades, also through various funding schemes. By now there exists a relatively comprehensive normative framework around gender, peace and security issues that guides and highlights the different dimensions and entry points to respond to gender specific considerations in peace building, conflict resolution and transitional justice. This paper outlines such framework in relation and relevance to Germany's foreign policy and development cooperation. To better understand the effects and impact of Germany's contribution to the implementation of the women, peace and security agenda on the ground, a total of ten projects funded and supported by ifa's zivik Funding programme have been reviewed to identify good practices and lessons learned.