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National audience; This test offers a psycho-anthropological reading of matthens related to hunger, meal and food in general. Elian CUVILLIER first analysed the stories of Jesus 'hunger' and his disciples (Mt 4, 1-11; 12, 1-8; 21, 18-22). The main themes emerging from this are the denial of all power, trust in a benevolent exteriority and metaphorisation of food. He then looked at the stories of the Jesus 'meals' (Mt 9, 9-19; 26, 6-13; 26, 17-29) with the same reading grid. As a result, for Matthieu, the meal can only take place as a real communion if it is an opportunity for experience of alterity, which is only possible in a meeting with Christ, a figure of the other. ; National audience; Cet essai propose une lecture psycho-anthropologique de textes matthéens relatifs à la faim, au repas et à la nourriture en général. Elian CUVILLIER analyse d'abord les récits mettant en scène la "faim" de Jésus et de ses disciples (Mt 4, 1-11 ; 12, 1-8 ; 21, 18-22). Les principaux thèmes qui en ressortent sont ceux du refus de la toute-puissance, de la confiance dans une extériorité bienveillante et de la métaphorisation de la nourriture. Il examine ensuite les récits des "repas" de Jésus (Mt 9, 9-19 ; 26, 6-13 ; 26, 17-29) avec la même grille de lecture. Il en résulte que pour Matthieu, le repas ne peut être lieu de communion véritable que s'il est l'occasion d'une expérience de l'altérité, qui n'est possible que dans une rencontre avec le Christ, figure de l'Autre.

International audience This article positions itself beyond the tension between copyright enforcement to preserve business models vs users' rights to access knowledge which are required to enjoy the opportunities provided by the disruptive technology. Instead of only applying law to peer-to-peer in order to control networks, and without implying that because a law is currently unenforceable, it should not exist, I propose to consider another angle of the relationship between law and technology, by applying peer-to-peer to the law, to introduce the argument of the distribution of law itself. Peer-to-peer technologies disrupting established economic models and legal categories could also inspire an evolution of the law as a regulatory system in order to integrate some of their technical features. This will lead to another kind of relationship between law and technology: after the control of technology by the law, which absorbs the new technology by expanding its scope of application, and in addition to the scholarship on regulation by code or of code (Lessig 2006; Brown & Marsden 2013) the law itself can try to integrate the technology. It might do so by reconfiguring its internal 'operating system' and shuffling the categories a bit more, instead of simply inflating them by adding an exception to the existing system.

What is Information? is a unique title within information studies. It is strongly interdisciplinary, crossing information theory, systems theory, new media and cognitive linguistics. Therefore, it may carry provocative themes and insights that require of the reader a broader frame of reference than the known, narrow path. Among these themes is Bob's notion of different forms and frames of information in ecological contexts. With help from Stuart Kauffman, he shows that biotic information – the instructions of life and reproduction – requires a different theory of information entirely from bit-oriented signal processing (Shannon-Weaver hypothesis). The book takes on the complex issue of defining information as a carrier of meaning vs signals processed by meaning-makers. Recovering the importance of MacKay's original contribution of the "distinction that makes a difference," Logan bridges information and media theory. If meaning is the coherence of organization, then information as meaning remains consistent with the notion of negative entropy. While media may shape the expression and meaning of meaning, it is information that signals the meaning of the medium. The power of language in developing symbols generates a constant source of meanings through information. To better distinguish these functions of "information" Dr. Logan relates information as a functional power of organization within four ecosystems: Biosphere, Symbolosphere, Technosphere, and Econosphere. The Biosphere gives rise to human cultures through information, and culture gives rise to the other three spheres. Information is the media-tor of these spheres.

En este texto se examina el alcance que el principio de intolerancia religiosa tuvo entre los primeros liberales españoles, partiendo de la constatación de que la intolerancia era un ingrediente esencial de la cultura política española a comienzos del siglo xix, marco cronológico de referencia. A diferencia de los realistas o «serviles», los liberales no concibieron la intolerancia como un principio inamovible, intrínseco al catolicismo, sino como una prescripción del poder civil, que podía ser alterada por este poder si lo consideraba conveniente. Desde esta óptica, se examina por qué no se consideró oportuno debatir en este tiempo sobre la tolerancia, se ofrece una interpretación del artículo 12 de la Constitución de 1812 y se muestra cómo en el transcurso de los debates parlamentarios los liberales matizaron la intolerancia de cultos contenida en dicho artículo. This article examines the extent to which the principle of religious intolerance was espoused by the first Spanish liberals, taking into account that intolerance was an essential ingredient of Spanish political culture in the time-frame considered, that is the early 19th century. Unlike the royalists or «serviles», liberals did not see intolerance as an immovable principle intrinsic to Catholicism, but as a precept of civil power which that power could modify whenever it saw fit. From that viewpoint the article asks why it was not considered convenient to debate toleration at that time. It offers an interpretation of Article 12 of the Constitution of 1812 and shows how in the course of the parliamentary debates the liberals moderated the intolerance of creeds implicit in that article.

Committees of experts play a decisive role in the Swiss policy-making process. Expertise is awaited from those commissions, which have an influence in diverse policy areas such as defence, economy, cultural and social policy or environmental matters. Scientists, along with industrialists, politicians and civil servants, hold an important place in those commissions. Working on the 20th century, we look at all the committees of experts at several dates (1910, 1937, 1957, 1980, 2000 and 2010), which represents 1'094 commissions and 9'026 persons, of whom 1'009 scientists. Bivariate statistical analyses on those data show that scientists not only represent a significant proportion of commission mandates but also often have key positions, either as committee president or holding several mandates simultaneously. These observations, however, do not concern every academic domain equally and undergo changes during the 20th century. A phenomenon of power concentration in the hands of scientists in the fields of law and economics can be observed in the middle of the century. Conducting social network analysis on our data helps understanding where the power of influence stands in the committees of experts and who, among scientists, holds it. The ways individuals are related to each other through their participation in commissions show power centres and strong networks among scientists of the same field. In a historical perspective, this methodology allows the display of data to show the developments and changes over time. In this case, it is a powerful complementary tool to bivariate statistics in order to understand which scientific knowledge has a power of influence on the Swiss policy-making process and to show the changes that can be observed over a long period of time. The presentation will have a double purpose: on the one hand, it will show the results of a network analysis in a historical perspective and, on the other hand, it will discuss the relevance of such a methodology in history.

This article is the first to examine the working lives of four former Australian Broadcasting Commission documentary filmmakers and to explore their perspectives on working within the institution. It brings to light the creative pathways, and innovative contributions, to the evolution of ABC television documentary filmmaking made by Tom Manefield, Bill Steller, Storry Walton and Max Donnellan, all of whom started their significant filmmaking careers in those formative years of ABC television between 1956 and 1960. Although Albert Moran (1989) argues that the "institutional voice" of the ABC overshadowed the voices of creative individuals within organisations such as Film Australia and the ABC, this chapter uncovers a complex symbiotic relationship among these filmmakers and the ABC, and reveals individual contributions worthy of substantial recognition, revelation, and discussion.

The ARKIW programme's main theme is a contribution to the enhancement of heritage investigation methods, the experiencing of knowledge modelling approaches, and the use of information technologies in the representing; recording and studying of the architectural heritage through Internet. It is establish in the frames of the scientific co-operation between UMR MAP CNRS/MCC 694 (France) and Institute HAiKZ from Faculty of Architecture, Kraków (Poland).; Le projet ARKIW a pour objectif le développement d'une plate-forme d'investigations scientifiques sur l'architecture patrimoniale partagée sur Internet. Sa préoccupation centrale est donc l'intégration des méthodes informatiques et des problématiques patrimoniales, double ancrage auquel correspondent les spécialités respectives du laboratoire MAP-GAMSAU et de l'institut HAiKZ.; Program ARKIW ma charakter interdyscyplinarny i ma na celu współpracę przy konstrukcji, rozwoju i testowaniu systemów informacji oraz narzędzi służących analizie architektoniczno - konserwatorskiej obiektów historycznych poprzez Internet. Jest to międzynarodowy program współpracy pomiędzy UMR MAP-GAMSAU CNRS/MCC 694 (Francja) i Instytutem HAiKZ, Wydziału Architektury Politechniki Krakowskiej.

Introduction -- Chapter 1 - The BRI in Historical Perspective: PRC Economic Statecraft Since 1949 -- Chapter 2 - China, the BRI, and the New Vocabulary of Global Governance -- Chapter 3 - The Globalizing Discourse of the Belt and Road Initiative -- Chapter 4 - The BRI in Xi's China "Grand Strategy": an instrument to restore Chinese centrality in a New Era -- Chapter 5 - People-to-People Exchanges: A Cluster of Narratives to Advance Purposeful Constructivism -- Chapter 6 - The Belt and Road Initiative in Global Governance: Impact on the International World Order -- Chapter 7 - Glocalization of Belt and Road Initiatives: The Importance of Local Agency -- Chapter 8 - The Chinese Agenda on the World Economic Forum. Assessing Political Evidence Between Rhetoric and Practice -- Chapter 9 - COVID-19 Pandemic, China and Global Power Shifts: Understanding the Interplay and Implications -- Chapter 10 - Enacting inclusive globalization in a VUCA context whilst emerging from Covid-19 -- Chapter 11 - China's Ambition in Promoting Green Finance for Belt and Road Initiative -- Chapter 12 - Liability of emergingness of emerging market banks internationalizing to advanced economies -- Chapter 13 - Chinese health strategy: a tool towards global governance -- Chapter 14 - Digital China: Governance, Power Politics and the Social Game -- Chapter 15 - The New Face of Multilateralism: The Case of "Chinese" Forums -- Chapter 16 - Secular Stagnation and World Leadership: China´s rising path -- Chapter 17 - Visuality and Infrastructure: the case of the Belt and Road Initiative -- Chapter 18 - The Belt and Road Initiative: can it signalize a new pendulum movement? -- Chapter 19 – The EU-China Geo-Economic Equilibrium in a World of Uncertainty -- Chapter 20 - A shifting current: Europe's changing approaches vis-à-vis China, the Belt and Road Initiative and the COVID-19 pandemic -- Chapter 21 - China in Central and Eastern Europe: New opportunities for small states -- Chapter 22 – China and the European Union – Inside the economic dynamics of a challenging relationship -- Chapter 23 – A review of China's contribution to the sustainable development of the European tourism industry: A case study of economic effects and sustainability issues in Albania -- Chapter 24 – A greater Eurasian Partnership? Xi and Putin's Road to integrate and lead -- Chapter 25 - Health, Road, and Russia: Perspectives on Russian Involvement with China' s Health Silk Road -- Chapter 26 – India's Challenge to the BRI: Shaping the Global Normative Consensus -- Chapter 27 – China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): India's Conundrum and Policy Options -- Chapter 28 - China in Latin America: to BRI or not to BRI -- Chapter 29 - Why America Opposes the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) -- Chapter 30 - The Belt and Road Initiative's Security Challenges: The Chinese Globalization Project and Sino-American Rivalry -- Chapter 31 - Sino-Iranian cooperation in Artificial Intelligence: a potential countering against the US hegemony -- Chapter 32 - China and the wave of Globalization focusing on the Middle East -- Chapter 33 - China-Iran's 25-Years deal: The Implication for the Belt and Road Initiative and Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) -- Chapter 34 - China's New Maritime Silk Road Cooperation: Why Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines are Clings in Disagreement? -- Chapter 35 - The Belt and Road Initiative and the Uneven Triangle of Latvia, Belarus, and China -- Chapter 36 - The Impact of Belt and Road Initiative on Asian Economies along the Route -- Chapter 37 - The Belt and Road in the Kyrgyz Republic: Mapping economic risks and risk perceptions -- Chapter 38 - Belt and Road Initiative's economic impact on Central Asia. The cases of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan -- Chapter 39 – How Does BRI Affect the Degree of Globalisation in Southeast Asia? -- Chapter 40 – Vietnam's Attitude Toward China's Belt and Road Initiative Amid Globalization -- Chapter 41 – The South Atlantic in China's Global Policy: Why It Matters? -- Chapter 42 – Belt and Road Initiative: Impact and Implications for Africa-China Relations -- Chapter 43 – The unequal modalities of China's intervention in Africa -- Chapter 444 – Africa's thirst for infrastructure: Contemporary phenomenon that makes China the trading partner -- Chapter 45 – Why is China Going Polar? Understanding Engagement and Implications for the Arctic and Antarctica.

List of Figures -- Preface / David L. Eng -- Journeys, Itineraries, Horizons: An Introduction / Martin F. Manalansan IV, Alice Y. Hom, and Kale Bantigue Fajardo -- Enduring Spaces and Bodies. 1. "Shanghai, Hong Kong, Egg Fu Yung, Fortune Cookie Always Wrong" / Danni Lin -- 2. All the Pinays are straight, all the queers are Pinoy, but some of us / Kimberly Alidio -- 3. The Hybridity of Race: Science, Geopolitics, and the Queer Genealogy of the "Chinese Jew" / Jih-Fei Cheng -- 4. "Sewing Patches through Performance" and "Courses in Brown Love" / D'Lo -- 5. nine genealogies (of un/belonging) / Patti Duncan -- 6. Lateral Diasporas and Queer Adaptations in Fresh Off the Boat and The Family Law / Douglas S. Ishii -- Queer Unsettlings: Geographies, Sovereignties. 7. "Khmer Alphabet," "Galaxies Like Blood," "Teeth and Chairs (Phnom Penh)," "Pornography of Days," "LDR (Amsterdam ssà San Francisco) (for Wai)," "Samsara," "'Eighteen Levels of Hell' (Đại Nam Amusement Park, Sài Gòn)," "Impossible Poem" / Việt Lê -- 8. You're Here, You're Queer, But You're Still a Tourist / Kim Compoc -- 9. Filipinx and Latinx Queer Critique: Houseboys and Housemaids in the US-Mexican Borderlands / Sony Coráñez Bolton -- 10. Queer South Asian Desire, Blackness, and the Apartheid State / Vanita Reddy -- 11. Pinkwashing, Tourism, and the (In)visibility of Israeli State Violence / Jennifer Lynn Kelly -- 12. Asian Settler Abstraction and Administrative Aloha / Reid Uratani -- Building Justice: Queer Movements in Asian North America. 13. In All Our Splendid Selves: A Roundtable Discussion on Queer API Activism in Three Political Moments / Eric Estuar Reyes and Eric C. Wat -- 14. Manservants to Millenials: A Brief Queer APA History / Amy Sueyoshi -- 15. From Potlucks to Protests: Reflections from Organizing Queer and Trans API Communities / Sasha Wijeyeratne -- 16. Sing Freedom, Sing / Kim Tran -- 17. Building a Queer Asian Movement: Building Communities and Organizing for Change / Glenn D. Magpantay -- Messing up the Archives and Circuits of Desire. 18. inspector of journals makes introductions: Fan & Basket plot escape from Peabody Essex Museum / Ching-In Chen -- 19. On (En)countering the Archival Sidekick / Joyce Gabiola -- 20. Camp Objects: Orientalist Kitsch and Trashy Re-Collections of the Japanese American Incarceration / Chris A. Eng -- 21. Asian Men and the Construction of Racial Desire on Craigslist / C. Winter Han -- 22. "I Think I'll Be More Slutty": The Promise of Queer Pilipinx/a/o/American Desire on Mobile Digital Apps in Los Angeles and Manila / Paul Michael Leonardo Atienza -- 23. Re/Generations: A Queer Korean American Diasporic Response / Anthony Yooshin Kim and Margaret Rhee -- Burning Down the House-Institutional Queerings. 24. Model/Minority Veteran: The Queer Asian American Challenge to Post-9/11 US Military Culture / Long T. Bui -- 25. Disrupting normative choreographies: queer Asian Canadian interventions making a mess with/in a "Too Asian" university / John Paul Catungal -- 26. Open in Emergency: on Queer(ing) Asian American Mental Health / Mimi Khúc -- 27. Religion and Ritual in the Lives of Queer Filipinx in Canada / May Farrales -- 28. Coming Back Around to a Place of Grace: A personal theological reflection and journey by a 1.5 generation Korean American transman / Sung Won Park -- 29. "Save the Thai Temple": Wat Mongkolratanaram, Thai America, and the Heteronormative Logics of South Berkeley / Pahole Sookkasikon -- Mediating Queer. 30. In which I watch Youtube to watch fan video edits of you For Nico Minoru on Marvel's Runaways / Kay Ulanday Barrett -- 31. PhilippinExcess: Queerness, Multiraciality, Midwesternness, and the Cultural Politics of Legibility / Thomas Xavier Sarmiento -- 32. Balang's Dance: Puro Arte as Queer Affect / Casey Mecija -- 33. "I Will Always Love You": Queer Filipino Performances of Blackness, Death, and Return / Thea Quiray Tagle -- 34. The Opposite of Performance: M. Butterfly in 2017 / Emily Raymundo -- 35. The Craft: QTPOC Tarot in Mariko Tamaki and Jillian Tamaki's Skim / Christine "Xine" Yao -- Finding One's Way: Routes of Lives and Bodies. 36. Loving Our Children, Finding Our Way / Marsha Aizumi -- 37. Needles + Cushions: a reflection on memory / Syd Yang -- 38. Queercore Prepped Me For Cancer / Leslie Mah -- 39. This One Body / Maiana Minahal -- 40. Mamang Or Death in Vegas / Karen Tongson -- 41. To Fukaya Michiyo / traci kato-kiriyama.

PartI: Introduction -- Chapter1: Agricultural and Natural Resource Sustainability under changing climate in Africa -- PartII: Conservation Agriculture, carbon sequestration and soil and water management -- Chapter2: The Prospects for Conservation Agriculture in Ethiopia -- Chapter3: Land Use Changes and Sustainable Land Management Practices for Soil Carbon Sequestration in Sub-Saharan African Agro-Ecosystems -- Chapter4: Gendered adaptation and coping mechanisms to climate variability in Eastern Uganda rice farming systems -- Chapter5: Integrated soil fertility management based on pigeon pea and cowpea cropping systems influences nitrogen use efficiency, yields and quality of subsequent maize on Alfisols in central Malawi -- Chapter6: A Hydrological Assessment of Wetlands in Lilongwe Peri-Urban Areas: A Case of Njewa, Catchment, Lilongwe Malawi -- PartIII: Sustainable crop/livestock/aquaculture/fish production -- Chapter7: Productivity and chemical composition of maize stover and rice straw under smallholder farming systems intensification in Tanzania -- Chapter8: INTENSIFICATION OF SORGHUM AND PEARL MILLET PRODUCTION IN THE SAHEL-SUDANIAN CLIMATIC ZONES OF MALI -- Chapter9: Impact of climate variability on the use and exposure of pesticides in sugarcane production in Malawi -- Chapter10: Yield and profitability of cotton grown under smallholder organic and conventional cotton farming systems in Meatu District, Tanzania -- Chapter11: In Search of Climate-Smart Feeds: The Potential of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum, L) to replace maize as an energy feed ingredient in broiler diets in Malawi -- Chapter12: Climate Change and Weather Variability Effects on Cattle Production: Perception of Cattle Keepers in Chikwawa, Malawi -- Chapter13: A cohort study of reproductive performance, associated infections and management factors in Zebu cows from smallholder farms in Malawi -- Chapter14: Effect of dry season supplement feeding of Malawi Zebu cows on reproductive performance, lactation and weight gain in calves -- Chapter15: Effects of concentrate supplementation on the fatty acid composition of fat depots in crossbred goats -- Chapter16: Goat milk quality and possible dairy products from rural households of Tanzania and Malawi under the Farmers-Processor's partnership -- Chapter17: The need for farmer support and record keeping to enhance sustainable dairy goats breeding in Tanzania and Malawi -- Chapter18: Stratified livestock production and live animal and meat export from Ethiopia: Lessons from the experience of a donor funded project -- Chapter19: Of 'white elephants' in fisheries: A conflict resolution model around the usage of climate-smart fish postharvest technologies in Lake Malawi -- PartIV: Policy and Institutions for sustainable agriculture and natural resource management -- Chapter20: Policy and Action for food and climate uncertainties in Malawi -- Chapter21: Need for personal transformations in a changing climate: reflections on environmental change and climate-smart agriculture in Africa -- PartV: Value addition options for smallholder market access and integration -- Chapter22: Between the Sun and Fish are People: A Socio-Economic Study of Solar Dryers for Fish Processing in Malawi -- Chapter23: Profitability of supplementary feeding of indigenous cattle in dry areas of Tanzania -- Chapter24: Integrating smallholder farmers to commodity value chains in sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges, prospects and policy issues -- Chapter25: Economic Rationale of Using African Weaver ants, Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) for Sustainable Management of Cashew Pests in Tanzania -- PartVI: Upscaling innovative technologies on smallholder farms -- Chapter26: Determinants of ISFM Technology Adoption and Dis-adoption Among Smallholder Maize Farmers in Central Malawi -- Chapter27: Exploiting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-rhizobia-legume symbiosis to increase smallholder farmers' crop production and resilience under a changing climate -- Chapter28: Availability, access and use of weather and climate information by smallholder farmers in the Kilombero River Catchment, Tanzania -- Chapter29: Gender differentiation in the adoption of climate smart agriculture technologies and level of adaptive capacity to Climate Change in Malawi -- Chapter30: Smallholder farming in Mara and Iringa Regions, Tanzania: Current practices, Constraints and Opportunities -- Chapter31: Impact of Farm Input Subsidies vis-à-vis Climate-Smart Technologies on Maize Productivity: A Tale of Smallholder Farmers in Malawi -- Chapter32: Digital storytelling as an agricultural extension communication tool in smallholder farming and fishing communities in Malawi -- Chapter33: Assessing the role of storytelling presentation in knowledge transfer from climate change projects in Tanzania: The case of the EPINAV programme -- PartVII: Conclusion -- Chapter34: Knowledge gaps and research priorities.

Introduction / Maryanne L. Fisher -- Theory and overview -- Competition throughout women's lives / Bobbi Low -- Sexual competition among women : a review of the theory and supporting evidence / Steven Arnocky & Tracy Vaillancourt -- Female intrasexual competition in primates : why human's aren't as progressive as we think / Nicole Scott -- Social status and aggression -- Feminist and evolutionary perspectives of female-female competition, status seeking, and social network formation / Laurette T. Liesen -- Adolescent peer aggression and female reproductive competition / Andrew C. Gallup -- Cooperation drives competition among Tsimane women in the Bolivian Amazon / Stacey L. Rucas -- Competition between female friends / Chenthila Nagamuthu & Elizabeth Page-Gould -- The element of surprise: women of the dark triad / P. Lynne Honey -- Communication and gossip -- Competitive communication among women : the pretty prevail by means of indirect aggression / Grace Anderson -- Gossip and competition among women : how "the gossip" became a woman and how "gossip" became her weapon of choice / Francis T. McAndrew -- Women's talk? : exploring the relationship between gossip, sex, mate competition, and mate poaching / Katelin Sutton & Megan J. Oaten -- Informational warfare : coalitional gossiping as a strategy for within-group aggression / Nicole H. Hess -- Mate availability and mating relationships -- Do women compete for mates when men are scarce? : sex ratio imbalances and women's mate competition cross-culturally / Emily Stone -- Operational sex ratio and female competition : scarcity breeds intensity / Haley M. Dillon, Lora E. Adair, & Gary L. Brase -- The influence of women's mate value on intrasexual competition / Maryanne L. Fisher & Ana María Fernández -- Single and partnered women : competing to obtain and retain high quality men / Gayle Brewer -- I'll have who she's having : mate copying, mate poaching and mate retention / Lora E. Adair, Haley M. Dillon, & Gary L. Brase -- Intrasexual mate competition and breakups : who really wins? / Craig Morris, Melanie L. Beaussart, Chris Reiber, & Linda S. Krajewski -- Endocrinology and psychobiological considerations -- Psychobiological responses to competition in women / Raquel Costa, Miguel A. Serrano, & Alicia Salvador -- The endocrinology of female competition / Kelly Cobey, & Amanda Hahn -- The effect of fertility on women's intrasexual competition / Lambrianos Nikiforidis, Ashley Rae Arsena, & Kristina M. Durante -- Health and aging -- Social aggression, sleep and wellbeing among Sidama women of rural southwestern Ethiopia / Alissa A. Miller & Stacey L. Rucas -- Is female competition at the heart of reproductive suppression and eating disorders? / Catherine Salmon -- Moderation of female-female competition for matings by competitors' age and parity / Melanie MacEacheron & Lorne Campbell -- Motherhood and family -- Competitive motherhood from a comparative perspective / Katherine A. Valentine, Norman P. Li, & Jose C. Yong -- Cooperative and competitive mothering : from bonding to rivalry in the service of childrearing / Rosemarie I. Sokol-Chang, Rebecca L. Burch & Maryanne L. Fisher -- Conflicting tastes : conflict between female family members in choice of romantic partners / Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair & Robert Biegler -- Darwinian perspectives on women's progenicide / Alita J. Cousins & Theresa Porter -- Physical appearance -- The causes and consequences of women's competitive beautification / Danielle J. DelPriore, Marjorie L. Prokosch, & Sarah E. Hill -- Ravishing rivals : female intrasexual competition and cosmetic surgery / Shelli L. Dubbs, Ashleigh J. Kelly, & Fiona Kate Barlow -- Intrasexual competition among beauty pageant contestants / Rebecca Shaiber, Laura Johnsen & Glenn Geher -- Fashion as a set of signals in female intrasexual competition / Laura Johnsen & Glenn Geher -- Competition in virtual contexts -- Female virtual intrasexual competition and its consequences / Jose C. Yong, Norman P. Li, Katherine A. Valentine, & April R. Smith -- Facebook frenemies and selfie-promotion : women and competition in the digital age / Amanda E. Guitar & Rachael A. Carmen -- Women's use of computer games to practice intrasexual competition / Tami M. Meredith -- Competition in applied settings -- The buzz on the queen bee and other characterizations of women's intrasexual competition at work / Lucie Kocum, Delphine S. Courvoisier, & Saundra Vernon -- Food as a means for female power struggles / Charlotte J. S. De Backer, Liselot Hudders, & Maryanne L. Fisher -- Evolution of artistic and aesthetic propensities through female competitive ornamentation / Marco A. C. Varella, Jaroslava Varella Valentová, & Ana María Fernández -- "Playing like a girl" : women in competition in sport and physical activity / Hayley Russell, Julia Dutove, & Lori Dithurbide -- Conclusion -- Conclusion / Gregory Carter & Maryanne L. Fisher

Foreword: the paper time machine goes electric / James F. Dunnigan -- Part I. Paper wars -- A game out of all proportions: how a hobby miniaturized war / Jon Peterson -- The history of wargaming project / John Curry -- The fundamental gap between tabletop simulation games and the truth / Tetsuya Nakamura -- Fleet admiral: tracing one element in the evolution of a game design / Jack Greene -- The wild blue yonder: representing air warfare in games / Lee Brimmicombe-Wood -- Historical aesthetics in mapmaking / Mark Mahaffey -- The "I" in team: war and combat in tabletop role-playing games / A. Scott Glancy -- Part II. War engines -- War engines: wargames as systems from the tabletop to the computer / Henry Lowood -- The engine of wargaming / Matthew B. Caffrey, Jr -- Design for effect: the common language of advanced squad leader / J.R. Tracy -- Combat commander: time to throw your plan away / John A. Foley -- Empire of the sun: the next evolution of the card-driven game engine / Mark Herman -- The paths of glory lead but to the gaming table / Ted S. Raicer -- A new kind of history: the culture of wargame scenario design communities / Troy Goodfellow -- Part III. Operations -- Operations research, systems analysis, and wargaming: riding the cycle of research / Peter P. Perla -- The application of statistical and forensics validation to simulation modeling in wargames / Brien J. Miller -- Goal-driven design and napoleon's triumph / Rachel Simmons -- Harpoon: an original serious game / Don R. Gilman -- The development and application of the real-time air power wargame simulation modern air power / John Tiller and Catherine Cavagnaro -- Red vs. blue / Thomas C. Schelling -- Hypergaming / Russell Vane -- Part IV. The bleeding edge -- Wargaming futures: naturalizing the new American way of war / Luke Caldwell and Tim Lenoir -- Creating persian incursion / Larry Bond -- Modeling the Second Battle of Fallujah / Laurent Closier -- Playing with toy soldiers: authenticity and metagaming in WWI video games / Andrew Wackerfuss -- America's army / Marcus Schulzke -- We the soldiers: player complicity and ethical gameplay in call of duty: modern warfare / Miguel Sicart -- Upending militarized masculinity in spec ops: the line / Soraya Murray -- Part V. Systems and situations -- Wargames as writing systems / Sharon Ghamari-Tabrizi -- Playing defense: gender, just war, and game design / Elizabeth Losh -- Debord's nostalgic algorithm / Alexander R. Galloway -- The Ludic Science Club crosses the Berezina / Richard Barbrook -- War games / David Levinthal -- Troubling the magic circle: miniature war in Iraq / Brian Conley -- Part VI. The war room -- Wargames as an academic instrument / Philip Sabin -- Lessons from the hexagon: wargames and the military historian / Robert M. Citino -- Simulation literacy: the case for wargames in the history classroom / Rob MacDougall and Lisa Faden -- The amateur designer: for fun and profit / Charles Vasey -- Struggling with deep play: utilizing twilight struggle for historical inquiry / Jeremy Antley -- Model-driven military wargame design and evaluation / Alexander H. Levis and Robert J. Elder -- Part VII. Irregularities -- Gaming the non-kinetic / Rex Brynen -- Inhabited models and irregular warfare games: an approach to educational and analytical gaming at the US Department of Defense / Elizabeth M. Bartels -- Chess, go, and Vietnam: gaming modern insurgency / Brian Train and Volko Ruhnke -- Irregular warfare: the Kobayashi Maru of the wargaming world / Yuna Huh Wong -- A mighty fortress is our God: when military action meets religious strife / Ed Beach -- Cultural wargaming: understanding cross-cultural communications using wargames / James Wallman -- Part VIII. Other theaters -- Wargaming (as) literature / Esther MacCallum-Stewart -- Tristram Shandy: Toby and Trim's wargames and the bowling-green / Bill McDonald -- Third Reich and the Third Reich / John Prados -- How star fleet battles happened / Stephen V. Cole -- Total global domination: games workshop and warhammer 40,000 / Ian Sturrock and James Wallis -- When the drums begin to roll / Larry Brom -- War recreated: twentieth-century war reenactors and the private event / Jenny Thompson -- Part IX. Fight the future -- War, mathematics and simulation: drones and (losing) control of battlespace / Patrick Crogan -- How to sell wargames to the non-wargamer / Michael Peck -- Wargaming the cyber frontier / Joseph Miranda -- The unfulfilled promise of digital wargames / Greg Costikyan -- Civilian casualties: shifting perspective in this war of mine / Kacper Kwiatkowski -- Practicing a new wargame / Mary Flanagan.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- Part One: Introduction -- 1. Introduction to Community Organizing and Community Building / Minkler, Meredith -- 2. Why Organize? Problems and Promise in the Inner City / Obama, Barack -- Part Two: Contextual Frameworks and Approaches -- 3. Improving Health through Community Organization and Community Building: Perspectives from Health Education and Social Work / Minkler, Meredith / Wallerstein, Nina -- 4. Contrasting Organizing Approaches: The "Alinsky Tradition" and Freirian Organizing Approaches / Martinson, Marty / Su, Celina -- 5. Community Building Practice: An Expanded Conceptual Framework / Walter, Cheryl L. / Hyde, Cheryl A. -- Part Three. Building Effective Partnerships and Anticipating and Addressing Ethical Challenges -- 6. Community, Community Development, and the Forming of Authentic Partnerships: Some Critical Reflections / Labonte, Ronald -- 7. Ethical Issues in Community Organizing and Capacity Building / Minkler, Meredith / Pies, Cheri / Hyde, Cheryl A. -- 8. Building Partnerships between Local Health Departments and Communities: Case Studies in Capacity Building and Cultural Humility / Ellis, Galen / Walton, Sheryl -- Part Four. Community Assessment and Issue Selection -- 9. Community Health Assessment or Healthy Community Assessment: Whose Community? Whose Health? Whose Assessment? / Hancock, Trevor / Minkler, Meredith -- 10. Mapping Community Capacity / Mcknight, John L. / Kretzmann, John P. -- 11. Selecting and "Cutting" the Issue / Staples, Lee -- Part Five. Community Organizing and Community Building within and across Diverse Groups and Cultures -- 12. Education, Participation, and Capacity Building in Community Organizing with Women of Color / Gutiérrez, Lorraine M. / Lewis, Edith A. -- 13. African American Barbershops and Beauty Salons: An Innovative Approach to Reducing Health Disparities through Community Building and Health Education / Linnan, Laura / Thomas, Stephen / D'Angelo, Heather / Ferguson, Yvonne Owens -- 14. Popular Education, Participatory Research, and Community Organizing with Immigrant Restaurant Workers in San Francisco's Chinatown: A Case Study / Chang, Charlotte / Salvatore, Alicia L. / Lee, Pam Tau / Liu, Shaw San / Minkler, Meredith -- Part Six. Using the Arts and the Internet as Tools for Community Organizing and Community Building -- 15. Creating an Online Strategy to Enhance Effective Community Building and Organizing / Bazell Satariano, Nickie / Wong, Amanda -- 16. Using the Arts and New Media in Community Organizing and Community Building: An Overview and Case Study from Post-Katrina New Orleans / Mcdonald, Marian / Catalani, Caricia / Minkler, Meredith -- Part Seven. Building, Maintaining, and Evaluating Effective Coalitions and Community Organizing Efforts -- 17. A Coalition Model for Community Action / Butterfoss, Frances D. / Kegler, Michelle C. -- 18. Community Organizing for Obesity Prevention in Humboldt Park, Chicago: The Challenges and Successes of Coalition Building across Two Organizing Traditions / Becker, Adam B. / Kaufer Christoffel, Katherine / López, José E. / Rodríguez, José Luis -- 19. Participatory Approaches to Evaluating Community Organizing and Coalition Building / Coombe, Chris M. -- Part Eight. Influencing Policy through Community Organizing and Media Advocacy -- 20. Using Community Organizing and Community Building to Influence Public Policy / Glover Blackwell, Angela / Thompson, Mildred / Freudenberg, Nicholas / Ayers, Jeanne / Schrantz, Doran / Minkler, Meredith -- 21. Organizing for Health Care Reform: National and State-Level Efforts and Perspectives / Anderson, Jacquie / Miller, Michael / Mcguire, Andrew -- 22. Media Advocacy: A Strategy for Helping Communities Change Policy / Dorfman, Lori / Gonzalez, Priscilla -- Appendixes -- 1. Principles of Community Building: A Policy Perspective / Glover Blackwell, Angela / Colmenar, Raymond A. -- 2. Action-Oriented Community Diagnosis Procedure / Eng, Eugenia / Blanchard, Lynn -- 3. Challenging Ourselves: Critical Self-Reflection on Power and Privilege / Hyde, Cheryl A. -- 4. A Ladder of Community Participation in Public Health / Anne, Mary / Lifshay, Jennifer -- 5. Coalition Member Assessment / Wolff, Tom -- 6. Community Mapping and Digital Technology: Tools for Organizers / Kirschenbaum, Josh / Corburn, Jason -- 7. Using Force Field and "SWOT" Analysis as Strategic Tools in Community Organizing / Minkler, Meredith / Coombe, Chris -- 8. A Checklist for Action / Homan, Mark S. -- 9. Criteria for Creating Triggers or Codes for Freirian Organizing / Wallerstein, Nina -- 10. Scale for Measuring Perceptions of Control at the Individual, Organizational, Neighborhood, and beyond-the-Neighborhood Levels / Israel, Barbara A. / Schulz, Amy J. / Parker, Edith A. / Becker, Adam B. -- 11. Policy Bingo / Lee, Mary M. / Flournoy, Rebecca / Bell, Judith / Rubin, Victor -- About the Contributors -- Index

Global Change and Mountain Regions — an IGBP Initiative for Collaborative Research -- Climate Variations in Italy in the Last 130 Years -- Dendroclimatic Information on Silver Fir (Abies Alba Mill.) in the Northern Apennines -- Trends in High Frequency Precipitation Variability in Some Northern Italy Secular Stations -- Climate Change Experiments on a Glacier Foreland in the Central Alps -- High Mountain Summits as Sensitive Indicators of Climate Change Effects on Vegetation Patterns: The "Multi Summit-Approach" of GLORIA (Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments) -- Temperature and Precipitation Trends in Italy During the Last Century -- Climate and other Sources of Change in the St. Elias Region -- Permafrost and Climate in Europe. Climate Change, Mountain Permafrost Degradation and Geotechnical Hazard -- Thermal Variations of Mountain Permafrost: an Example of Measurements Since 1987 in the Swiss Alps -- Climate Change and Air Quality Assessment in Canadian National Parks -- Regional Clean Air Partnerships and the ETEAM -- Land-Atmosphere Interactions -- Uncertainties in the Prediction of Regional Climate Change -- Gamma-Ray Spectrometer for "In Situ" Measurements on Glaciers and Snowfields -- Cs-137 Gamma Peak Detection in Snow Layers on Calderone Glacier -- The Effects of Global Warming on Mountain Regions: a Summary of the 1995 Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change -- Global Change in Respect to Tendency to Acidification of Subarctic Mountain Lakes -- Influence of Climate, Species Immigration, Fire, and Men on Forest Dynamics In Northern Italy, from 6000 Cal. BP To Today -- Koenigia Islandica (Iceland Purslane) — A Case Study of a Potential Indicator of Climate Change in the UK -- Semi-Objective Sampling Strategies as One Basis for a Vegetation Survey -- Simulating the Impact of Climate Change on Drought in Swiss Forest Stands -- Forecasted Stability of Mediterranean Evergreen Species Considering Global Changes -- Birds as Bio-Indicators of Long-Transported Lead in the Alpine Environment -- Annual Estimations of Ecophysiological Parameters and Biogenic Volatile Compounds (BVOCs) Emissions in Citrus Sinensis (L.) Osbeck -- A Multiscale Study to Analyse the Response of Vegetation to Climatic Conditions -- Phytotoxic Ozone Effect on Selected Plant Species in a Standardized Experimental Design -- Plant Invasions in Central European Middle-Mountains: A Result of Global Change? -- Can Testate Amoebae (Protozoa) and Other Micro-Organisms Help to Overcome Biogeographic Bias in Large Scale Global Change Research? -- Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and Mineral Nitrogen Deposition on Litter Quality, Bioleaching and Decomposition in A Sphagnum Peat Bog -- Analysis of the Environmental Impact Caused by Introduced Animals in the Clarion Island, Archipelago of Revillagigedo, Colima, Mexico -- High Mountain Environment as Indicator of Global Change -- Effects of Elevated CO2 and Nitrogen Deposition on Natural Regeneration Processes of Cut-Over Ombrotrophic Peat Bogs in the Swiss Jura Mountains -- Economic Evaluation of Italian Parks and Natural Areas -- Environmental and Human Impacts on Coastal and Marine Protected Areas in India -- Past Climate Change and the Generation and Persistence of Species Richness in a Biodiversity Hotspot, the Cape Flora of South Africa -- The World Network of Biosphere Reserves: a Flexible Structure for Understanding and Responding to Global Change -- The Role of a Global Protected Areas System in Conserving Biodiversity in the Face of Climate Change -- The Strong Reduction Phase of the Calderone Glacier During the Last Two Centuries: Reconstruction of the Variation and of the Possible Scenarios With GIS Technologies -- Digital Geomorphologic Cartography of the Top Area of the Gran Sasso D'Italia Mountain Group (Central Apennine, Italy) -- The Late Pleistocene and Holocene Temporary Lakes in the Abruzzo Parks and the Central Apennines -- The Travertine Deposits of the Upper Pescara Valley (Central Abruzzi, Italy): A Clue for the Reconstruction of the Late Quaternary Palaeoenvironmental Evolution of the Area -- The Protected Areas System for the Conservation and for an Eco-Compatible Development of the Territory: The Maiella National Park -- Environmental Protection and Social Protection: The Sirente-Velino Regional Park -- Protected Areas Management: an Example of Application in the Gran Sasso Park -- The Main Invasive Alien Plants in the Protected Areas in Central Italy (Abruzzo) -- The Historical and Iconographic Research in the Reconstruction of the Variation of the Calderone Glacier: State of the Art and Perspective -- Numerical Experiments to Study the Possible Meteorological Changes Induced by the Presence of a Lake.

Die Kultusminister wollen künftig einheitlich testen, was Schulanfänger können. Das ist gut. Noch besser wäre es, Bildungsstandards und deren Monitoring endlich auf die Kitas auszuweiten.






Bild: Alicja / Pixabay.






ES IST EINE BINSENWEISHEIT. Ob Menschen erfolgreiche Bildungskarrieren durchlaufen, ob sie ein erfülltes Berufsleben führen und die Gesellschaft gleichberechtigt mitgestalten können, entscheidet
sich nicht in der Hochschule oder im Ausbildungsbetrieb, nicht in der Ober- oder Mittelstufe, nicht einmal in der Grundschule. Die Entscheidung fällt in den ersten Lebensjahren, sie hängt ab vom
Elternhaus und der Unterstützung, die Kinder dort bekommen. Und weil das so ist, müssten sich enorme bildungspolitische Anstrengungen auf den einzigen Bildungsbereich fokussieren, wo ein
Ausgleich quantitativ – beim Zugang – und qualitativ – bei den vermittelten Kompetenzen – noch möglich ist: in den Kitas.



 



Länder wie Australien haben das vor vielen Jahren erkannt und, obgleich föderal wie Deutschland organisiert, sich bundesweit verbindliche Standards für die Qualitätsentwicklung in Kitas
gegeben. Und wir reden dabei nicht nur von notwendigen Bedingungen wie Betreuungsschlüssel und Ausbildungsqualität, sondern (zusätzlich zu den bestehenden Kita-Bildungsplänen der einzelnen
Länder) von einer länderübergreifend gültigen Beschreibung dessen, was Bildung und deren Vermittlung in der Kita eigentlich genau bedeuten. Welche Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede
es zur schulischen Bildung gibt. Und was Kinder am Ende der Kita-Zeit können sollten.



 



In Deutschland könnte, wenn auch nur in Ansätzen, das von der Ampelkoalition versprochene Qualitätsentwicklungsgesetz mit bundesweiten Standards  Ähnliches leisten. Doch ob es überhaupt
noch kommt – oder wie so viele Kita-Initiativen (Stichwort "Sprach-Kitas") dem Rotstift zum Opfer fällt – bezweifeln selbst viele Ampel-Politiker.



 



Umso wichtiger, dass jetzt zumindest die Kultusminister ein anderes Versprechen wahrmachen, das sie im Rahmen ihres neuen Bildungsabkommens 2020 gegeben haben. Sie wollen nach gemeinsamen
Standards messen, mit welchen Fähigkeiten und welchem Entwicklungsstand Kitakinder in die Grundschule starten.



 



Bundesweites Monitoring: ja. Gleichermaßen verbindlich für alle: nein.



 



"StarS" – "Stark in die Grundschule starten" – heißt das Konzept, welches im Auftrag der KMK das Institut zur Qualitätsentwicklung im Bildungswesen (IQB) entwickelt hat, das auch sonst für die
Entwicklung von Bildungsstandards und die Überprüfung deren Erreichens ("IQB-Bildungstrends") verantwortlich ist.



 



"StarS" soll, vorrangig digital, die sprachlichen und mathematischen Kompetenzen von Schulanfängern messen, darüber hinaus "Aspekte der Selbstregulation und motivational-emotionale
Orientierungen". Bestehen soll "StarS" zum einen aus einer sogenannten "Lernausgangslagenuntersuchung" direkt nach Einschulung, Ziel: die Feststellung des individuellen Förderbedarfs.
Zum anderen ist, voraussichtlich in der zweiten Klasse, eine "Lernentwicklungsdiagnostik" vorgesehen, damit Lehrkräfte den Erfolg ihrer Förderung überprüfen und ihren Unterricht anpassen
können.



 



Die KMK erhofft sich einen "Mehrwert in Bezug auf Kohärenz, Qualitätssicherung und Effizienz, die eng miteinander verbunden sind", weil die Länder damit endlich eine gemeinsame Methode haben.
Eine zu große Qualitäts-Euphorie ist allerdings dann doch wieder nicht angebracht – denn wie die einzelnen Länder "StarS" in ihre bestehenden Systeme und Strategien einbinden wollen, hängt
laut KMK jeweils "von den bereits vorhandenen Maßnahmen ab". Ein bundesweites Monitoring: ja. Gleichermaßen verbindlich für alle: nein.



 



Nachdem die Kultusminister dem "StarS"-Start nun zugestimmt haben, soll es sofort losgehen mit einer Pilotphase im nächsten Jahr. Im Herbst 2027 soll dann die
Lernausgangslagenuntersuchung zum Einsatz bereit sein und ein Jahr später die Lernentwicklungsdiagnostik.

Warum "StarS" auch
in die Kitas muss



 



Wäre es nicht noch sinnvoller, ähnliche bundesweit einheitliche Testungen bereits in den Kitas zu etablieren? Klar, heißt es dazu aus der Kultusministerkonferenz, aber dafür sind wir nicht
zuständig. Hier käme es also auf die Jugend- und Familienministerkonferenz an. Immerhin trafen sich Kultus- und Jugendminister vergangenes Jahr erstmals zu einer gemeinsamen Sitzung und
wollen das künftig regelmäßig tun.



 



Das Mindeste sollte sein, dass auch die Kitas die Ergebnisse der "StarS"-Testung ihrer ehemaligen Kitakinder bekommen, um ihrerseits Rückschlüsse für ihre Arbeit ziehen zu können. Dann könnte
"StarS" immerhin eine indirekte Wirkung auch auf die Bildungsqualität und ein flächendeckenderes Bildungsverständnis in den Kitas entfalten.



 



Freilich wäre das nur eine Krücke auf dem überfälligen Weg zu eigenen bundesweiten Qualitätsstandards und deren datengestütztes Monitoring schon in den Kitas. Eine Diskussion, die bislang aber
von den verantwortlichen Jugend- und Familienministern wenn nicht gescheut, so jedenfalls nicht mit dem dringend nötigen Nachdruck geführt wird. Auf den Nachdruck durch ein womöglich nicht
kommendes Bundes-Kitaqualitätsentwicklungsgesetz zu warten, können sich die Kinder und ihre Familien jedenfalls nicht leisten.


Strukturreform mit
kleinem und mit großem Aber



Die Kultusministerkonferenz beschließt eine
weitreichende Reform ihrer selbst. Was sie sich vorgenommen hat – und an welche Stellen sie sich noch einen Ruck geben sollte. (14. Juni 2024)
>>>



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