Suchergebnisse

Amidst this emphasis on the role of the state in both domestic and international affairs, the study of cities and their broader political-economic functions has been seriously neglected-a bias that we intend in this paper to redress. We develop here the concept of the "global political city"-a broad community, with complex non-governmental socio-economic dimensions, that nevertheless serves as an important arena for political transactions. After elaborating the general concept, we apply it concretely in the case of Washington, D.C., and suggest potential applications elsewhere in the world, noting the particular significance of the "strategic information complex" typically evolving in such cities as a source of international influence. Adapted from the source document.

The university, understood in a simplified way as an institution representing the system of higher education, is distinguished by longevity. However, it also underwent evolution at the turn of the century under the influence of various conditions. As a result, various models of the university are emerging with the most promising one known now as the entrepreneurial university. This model implies greater openness of the university to the socio-economic environment, flexible adaptation to the needs of customers, stakeholders and the market, market competitiveness based on marketing and the ability to diversify sources of income. Particular attention is paid to creating and increasing the entrepreneurial potential of students. The subject of the study is the main external and internal university prerequisites and barriers in the creation of entrepreneurial universities. The aim of the article is to consider issues related to the prerequisites and ways of developing University 3.0 in Latvia. The objectives of the article are as follows: to find out the main external and inter-university prerequisites and barriers to creating entrepreneurial universities, to study international experience in the formation of prerequisites for the creation of entrepreneurial universities, to assess the major prerequisites for the establishment of entrepreneurial universities in Latvia. Causal analysis and comparative analysis were used as the major research method. An empirical assessment of the prerequisites for the development of University 3.0 in Latvia is given on the basis of our comparative analysis of the parameters of the Global Competitiveness Index. It is proposed to discuss the need for a state programme of at least a pilot project for the creation of two or three entrepreneurial universities so far, which will allow us to have our own experience in removing economic, social and cultural barriers to the modernisation of our higher education, the emergence of our own strong entrepreneurial leaders in higher education. Scope of the results of the work. The materials, results and conclusions of the article can be used by research organizations, government bodies, higher education institutions, student organizations. Findings. The significance of the need for entrepreneurial universities in Latvia is substantiated, and the main components of the transformation "University-3.0" in higher education in Latvia are identified.

PurposeThis paper explores the paradigm of international development that has persisted for the past five decades, and asks whether a fresh approach is needed – one that builds on the developmental potential of the corporate sector, not just on donor aid.Design/methodology/approachThis article explores both how corporations contribute to development and also the challenges in incorporating them into the wider processes of international development. This is achieved through the examination of two key sets of literature. The first is that regarding the effectiveness of the existing approach to international development. The second, smaller but growing, explores the impact that the corporate sector has had on raising countries out of poverty.FindingsThis paper finds that despite the cost and effort, most developing countries remain just that – developing. Where countries have developed, there is strong evidence to suggest that this has been the result, not of international aid, but of a thriving corporate sector. Yet companies remain outside the prevailing development paradigm, and their contribution to lifting countries out of poverty remains poorly understood. This paper makes a number of recommendations in relation to further research that is needed, and also policy approaches that need to be explored.Research limitations/implicationsIt is apparent from this paper that more and detailed scholarly work is needed to improve further our understanding of how companies contribute to development.Practical implicationsFor policy makers this paper demonstrates an urgent need to develop better and more thorough‐going processes to engage with the corporate sector.Originality/valueThe role that companies play in international development remains under‐explored. This paper is therefore a novel contribution to this debate, and one that has significant implications for both the academic and policy communities.

AuszugDieser Artikel befasst sich mit dem Einfluss der Internationalen Arbeitsorganisation (IAO) auf andere internationale Organisationen und Agenturen, der zu deren Unterstützung für das Konzept des sozialen Basisschutzes (Social Protection Floor – SPF) geführt hat. 2012 wurde das Konzept von den Vereinten Nationen in Form der SPF‐Initiative des Koordinierungsrats (UN Chief Executives Board – CEB) gutgeheißen, von der Weltbank in ihrer neuen Sozialschutz‐ und Arbeitsstrategie und vom G20‐Gipfel in Cannes. Außerdem hatte sich der IWF bereit erklärt, mit der IAO zusammenzuarbeiten, um die Optionen für die Schaffung von Haushaltsraum in Ländern zur Finanzierung von SPF auszuloten. Die Sonderberichterstatter des Menschenrechtsrats (UN Human Rights Council) hatten 2012 ebenfalls die Errichtung eines globalen Fonds für Sozialschutz gefordert, um ärmeren Ländern die Entwicklung eines Mindestniveaus zu ermöglichen. 2012 wurde eine neue Koordinierungsstelle, der Rat für interinstitutionelle Zusammenarbeit im Bereich des sozialen Schutzes (Social Protection Inter‐Agency Cooperation Board – SPIAC‐B), ins Leben gerufen, um die Zusammenarbeit unter den Organisationen zu erleichtern. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt und erklärt, wie diese Entwicklungen zustande kamen. Er fragt, ob die Realität vermehrter globaler sozialer Governance‐Zusammenarbeit im Bereich des Sozialschutzes so wirksam ist, wie sie scheint, oder ob es neue Widersprüche, Überschneidungen und rivalisierende Aufträge und politische Uneinigkeit auf globaler Ebene gibt.

The works on the topic of 'appeasement' to be discussed in this article have been widely reviewed elsewhere as works of historical analysis. The emphasis has been placed on the quality of their historical scholarship or the contribution made to the historiography of 'appeasement'. The aim of this discussion will be to examine the relevance, if any, of such writings to a theoretical understanding of international relations.

This collected volume deals with emerging issues related to climate variation, climate change and adaptation technologies, with a special focus on Latin American countries. Presenting a variety of adaptation strategies and projects currently being undertaken and implemented, the book showcases how Latin American nations are struggling to meet the challenges of climate change. Latin America as a whole and Central America in particular is one of the most vulnerable regions of the world and is severely affected by recurrent extreme climate-related events. This volume documents and analyzes the main challenges and lessons learned, serving to disseminate knowledge beyond the region and enhance international research and policy cooperation.

Preliminary Material /Ying-jeou Ma --Beyond Special and Differential Treatment: Key Trends of Importance to East Asian Regionalism /Sujin Chan --The Duch Trial at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia – Involving the Cambodians in the Process /Caroline Ehlert and Christine Kaufmann --Evaluating the Impact of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts on Domestic Contract Law – The Singapore Example /Eliza Mik --Recognition of States and Governments in International Law: Theory and Practice /Miyazaki Takashi --Sovereignty Claims over the Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo/Takeshima) /Raul (Pete) Pedrozo --Refining the Scope of State Obligations for Treaty-Based Human Rights Violations in Respect of Violence against Women: The Meaning of the 2009 Gonzáles Ruling by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights /H.A. Strydom --Rule of Marine Capture versus Rule of Cooperation in the East China Sea: Exploring Options for Regional Ecosystem Restoration /Anastasia Telesetsky --Running Soft Convergence into the Ground: The Case for an International Antitrust Treaty /Emilio E. Varanini --The Taiwan Government Sues Two Individuals for the Return of a Sum of USDollar29.8 Million (The Papua New Guinea Case) /Loo Choon Chiaw , Chia Foon Yeow , and Wu Yanjuan --The Right to Social Security under Article 9 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights /Francesco Seatzu --Cross-Straits Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) /Pasha L. Hsieh and Pei-Lun Tsai --Contemporary Practice and Judicial Decisions of The Republic of China Relating to International Law, 2010 /Chun-i Chen , Lee & Li Attorneys-at-Law , Pasha L. Hsieh , Chun-Liang Lai , I-Hon Hsiao , Feng-Cheng Kao , and Pei-Lun Tsai --Treaties/Agreements and Official, Semi-Official or Unofficial Agreements Concluded by The Republic of China with Other Countries in 2010 /Chun-i Chen and Pei-Lun Tsai --Table of Cases /Ying-jeou Ma --Index /Ying-jeou Ma --Guidelines for Submissions to The Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs /Ying-jeou Ma.