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Phalanx, 45:4, 30-34. ; In irregular warfare, surveys are routinely used to gain insight into population attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs. Understanding these types of population traits can provide insight into the human terrain. However, population attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs o!en manifest as latent traits that can be only indirectly, incompletely, and sometimes imperfectly measured via single survey questions. Factor analysis is a method for estimating these latent traits from question-level survey data. Because survey analysis in general, and factor analysis in particular, are typically not taught as part of operations research curricula, this paper is intended to provide an introduction to factor analysis for the military operations research analyst.

AbstractIn this article, we analyse recently published material by Koster et al. (Food Addit Contam Part A, 10.1080/19440049.2019.1678770, 2019) entitled "Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons in Foods: Is the Data Reliable?". Koster et al. claim to have traced the reasons for laboratory failures to "deliver robust and reliable test results" for the analysis of MOSH/MOAH in some food matrices, however, a careful review revealed that this publication falls short in considering several aspects of assessing the reliability and comparability of analytical data produced by different laboratories.

Abstract: The process of buying and selling drugs online has risks and negative impacts that can harm the community. The process of buying and selling drugs already has laws and regulations that specifically regulate the sale and purchase of drugs. Business actors still easily buy and sell drugs online without limits and without regard to drug laws and regulations, which will be very risky for drug consumers. This study aims to determine and analyze how the regulation of legal protection and the implementation of legal protection for consumers and business actors in buying and selling drugs with an online system. The research method uses a sociological juridical approach with analytical descriptive specifications. Using secondary data and primary data obtained from library studies and field studies. The data were analyzed qualitatively and presented systematically and presented in the form of tables and narratives. The results of the study indicate that: (1) The regulation of legal protection for business actors and consumers in buying and selling drugs online is based on the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE) and the Government Regulation on the Implementation of Electronic Transaction Systems (PP PSTE), the Consumer Protection Act. (UU PK) and Regulation of the Drug and Food Supervisory Agency Number 8 of 2020 concerning Control of Drugs and Food Circulated Online have provided legal protection to consumers and business actors, but the implementation has not been optimal, so there are still business actors who violate the provisions of the regulation. (2) The implementation of legal protection related to the process of buying and selling drugs online, both preventively and repressively, has not been maximally carried out, this can be seen from the increasing number of business actors selling illegal and counterfeit drugs online. The BBPOM of the City of Surabaya in collaboration with the Surabaya City Health Service and the Indonesian National Police (POLRI), needs to improve supervision, ...

Domestic violence continues to be a global problem that kills and maims – physically, psychologically, sexually and economically. This problem is present in every country. Domestic violence is enshrined in the Civil Procedure Law of the Republic of Latvia, but there is no specific definition of domestic violence. The vast majority of victims of violence are women and children. Following sections of the Criminal Law of the Republic of Latvia are related to violence in general, not to domestic violence. There are no definitions of domestic/family violence in Latvian legislation. The purpose of this article: to identify problems which are connected with definition of the concept "domestic violence", identifying procedural problems of its application, exploring the legal aspects of the legal action of national police officers in identifying domestic violence and identifying the most important problems.

The article contains an analysis of the issue of public interest pursued by the municipal government in the field of nature conservation, demonstrated on the example of individual forms of nature conservation, the latter term being the concept used by environmental law scholars. Moreover, it covers natural monuments, documentation stands, ecological grounds and natural and landscape complexes, which are established through a resolution of the municipal council, which constitutes an act of local law. On the other hand, administrative prohibitions introduced for this purpose in an act of local law must have statutory authorisation and they should take into account the constitutional principle of sustainable development and the principle of proportionality. This is because these prohibitions restrict the right of ownership of immovable property situated in their area. Moreover, such an act of local law shall also be subject to the judicial review by an administrative court, having been challenged by the addressee of such act, provided that the addressee has also a legal interest, not only a factual interest.

In July 2016, the Swedish government adopted temporary legislative changes to the asylum regulation in force, significantly limiting the possibilities of being granted a permanent residence permit. The temporary law was presented by the government as an incentive for the immigrants to focus on employment, which in its turn leads to permanent residence. This study exploits the impact of temporary protection on labour market integration and social inclusion from the perspective of refugees and subsidiary protection holders. Applying the ground research methods, the data was collected via the focus group and in-depth face-to-face interviews with both temporary and permanent protection holders. The main conclusion is that temporary residence hinders labour market integration of refugees and subsidiary protection holders in a long-term perspective, potentially leading to higher levels of social exclusion.