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Lebenslauf. ; Inaug.-Diss--Marburg. ; "Literaturverzeichnis": p. [5-6] ; Mode of access: Internet.

The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of current theoretical and practical problems related to the nature of legal disputes in the field of collective labor dispute resolution in Ukraine and the development of a modern approach to the procedure for resolving such disputes. The task of this article is based on the research of issues related to the establishment of a legal relationship between the definition of "legal dispute" and the concept of "collective labor dispute"; analysis in this connection that is of the nature of collective labor disputes; elucidation of the peculiarities of "pre-trial" and "out-of-court" settlement of a collective labor dispute"; judicial review of collective labor disputes; expression of a position regarding the understanding of the nature and procedure for resolving collective labor disputes. During the conducted research based on a synergistic approach of methodological interaction, theoretical methods of systematic analysis of the main definitions related to the subject of the article, explanation of the position of the authors of the publication taking into account the comparison of national and foreign practice of resolving labor conflicts and empirical methods, in particular, observation, as well as the description of issues were used being covered by the purpose of publication. Results. Thus, according to the authors, collective labor disputes have characteristics of both "dispute about rights" and "dispute about interests". A conciliation and arbitration procedure is used for the disputes, the legal mechanism of which is defined by a special legislative act - the Law of Ukraine "On the procedure for resolving collective labor disputes (conflicts)", that, being part of the legislation of Ukraine, corresponds to international legal acts. "Disputes of interest" are resolved through conciliation procedures, which, in our opinion, should not be subject to the jurisdiction of the courts. Such disputes should be resolved out of court. Part of collective labor disputes, which include requirements for the implementation of a collective agreement, contact, or individual provisions thereof, or non-fulfillment of the requirements of labor legislation (sub-para."c" and "d" of Article 2 of the Law of Ukraine "On the procedure for resolving collective labor disputes (conflicts)") are "disputes about rights", identified with the concept of "legal dispute". Courts have jurisdiction over such disputes. Conclusions. In addition to the legally defined cases of direct appeal to the court, collective labor "disputes about the right" that have the characteristics of a legal dispute, are subject to a mandatory pre-trial dispute settlement procedure. According to the practice of the ECHR, the conciliation and arbitration procedure for resolving collective labor disputes does not indicate a limitation of access to justice. The right of access to a court is not absolute. It can be regulated by national procedures to ensure the effectiveness of the administration of justice

Edition revue et corrigée, avec une postface bibliographique (2008) ; The present work considers the Italian garden during the second half of the sixteenth century as a foil for the relationship between humankind and nature and as an expression of cultural and social representations. The central focus is Pratolino, the villa built by Grand Duke Francesco I de' Medici built to the North of Florence between 1568 and 1586 under the direction of Bernardo Buontalenti. The villa is analyzed in detail and contextualized from several different perspectives: its importance for the rule of Francesco I (1574-87), its relationship to other significant projects in Tuscany and the rest of Italy, the role of the garden in contemporary society and culture, and other related themes. Several different topics are considered. One is the social function of the garden as it relates to contemporary ideology and the practice of 'villegiatura'. A study of the corporeal perception of space and the emotional experience of landscape (analyzed on the basis of contemporary accounts) reveals that gardens, from both a medical and a poetic point of view, are experienced and conceived of as a mediation between humankind and nature. The make-up of the garden and its iconography represent a complex idea of nature: as a place of great variety, the garden becomes like an encyclopedic collection; as a staged representation of varied phenomena, for which the epistemology of meteorology has to be taken into account, the garden becomes a symbolic reduction of landscape as a whole; as an imitation of its own processes, it belongs to an aesthetic realm in which art strives to inscribe itself in a more intrinsic manner in the creative work, a topic put in relation to the reception of Aristotle in the 16th century. The sense of imagination that underlies the garden is not unitary; instead it plays with the desire for self-projection, the fantasy of analogy, and the dream of re-creation. The study of Pratolino shows that the political exploitation of nature ...

Urbanism of large housing complex, generalised in France after World War II, shows the consequences of its fast policy of execution without suitable financial ressources. Thereby, cities have spread beyond the town centers, causing a fragmentation of their structure and a multiplication of urban limits. Urban renewals to solve the housing, landscape and social life issues in these districts. In this context Coloco agency is working on the complex of Mosson located in Montpellier. The urban limits show a brutal relationship with the natural park in which the district has come to be inscribed. These urban edges are the subject of a reflection on the dialogue, which takes place or not, between the city and nature. They enable a transition between the two environments that compose them. Through the richness of the potential for appropriation and expression of the inhabitants who live alongside them, these spaces become vectors of a new fertility, today undecided, renewing exchanges between biodiversity and humans in their relationship to nature. ; L'urbanisme des grands ensembles, généralisé en France au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, se pare des séquelles de sa politique rapide d'exécution sans moyens adaptés. De ce fait, les villes se sont étalées au-delà des centre-bourgs provoquant une fragmentation de leur tissu et une démultiplication des limites urbaines. Les renouvellements urbains tentent aujourd'hui de remédier aux problématiques d'habitat, de paysage et de vie sociale dans ces quartiers. Dans ce contexte, l'agence Coloco travaille sur le quartier des grands ensembles de la Mosson situé à Montpellier. Les limites urbaines estampillent un rapport brutal avec le parc naturel dans lequel est venu s'inscrire le quartier. Ces lisières urbaines font l'objet d'une réflexion quant au dialogue, qui s'opère ou non, entre la ville et la nature. Elles permettent une transition entre les deux milieux qui les composent. Par la richesse des potentialités d'appropriation et d'expression des habitants qui la côtoient, ces espaces deviennent vecteurs d'une nouvelle fertilité, aujourd'hui indécise, renouant les échanges entre le vivant et l'humain dans son rapport à la nature.

Poverty and gender equality are at the heart of the 2030 Agenda and are key strategic areas for Germany's Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). It has been often argued that poverty is gendered: at the 1995 UN World Conference on Women, 70 per cent of the world's poor was said to be female. However, that figure is not backed by sound scientific evidence. There are several challenges to examining the relationship between gender and poverty. The main one is that monetary poverty is calculated at the household level: it is not possible to distinguish the poverty status of different household members. Theoretically, it is possible to analyse poverty by gender by focusing on non-monetary dimensions, as several feminist scholars advocate. However, the most well-known indices of multidimensional poverty have the same problems as those for income poverty: they are computed at the household level. Therefore, we do not really know if – or to what extent – poverty is gendered. Recent studies conducted by IDOS researchers help fill this gap by analysing gender disparities in multidimensional poverty in more than 80 low- and middle-income countries and using individual-level indices, which encompass three dimensions: education, health and employment. This policy brief summarises the main findings of the IDOS studies and presents key policy recommendations. The research reveals the female face of poverty. In recent years, female multidimensional poverty has been higher than male multidimensional poverty almost everywhere: on average, the former is about 70 per cent higher than the latter. Depending on the specific poverty index used, women make up between 54 and 63 per cent of the impoverished population. Gender disparities vary substantially across the world: the largest disparities are visible in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and South Asia. The research also shows that from the late 1990s/early 2000s most countries experienced increased gender disparities in poverty, a process often referred to as the "feminisation of poverty". This largely occurred in Europe and Central Asia, as well as in Latin America and the Caribbean. The very large gender disparities in MENA and South Asia have persisted for decades. The studies also find that the increase in gender disparities occurred especially in rural areas and was mostly driven by an increase in disparities in access to paid employment. To tackle the gendered nature of poverty, we recommend: • Incentivising women's employment and pro-moting the care economy. Care policies can partly free women from their care duties and/or recognise the economic value of care work, thereby increasing employment opportunities for women. Expanding the (professional) care sector – and more generally, the service sector – also creates job opportunities for women. • Adopting gender-responsive social protection. Cash transfers can benefit women in particular but should include clear gender-equality goals and be designed to challenge existing gender norms (rather than reinforce them). • Tackling gender norms. Eliminating discriminatory laws and regulations can help in the short term; education and awareness campaigns are critical in the long run. • Advocating for and realising the (gender) data revolution. It is necessary to invest in ad-hoc data collection focused on individual and female experiences of poverty.