Suchergebnisse

This paper analyzes the effects of legislative bargaining in the EU on public goodsprovision and lobbying. We argue that delegation to a single policy maker at thecentralized level -which we call supranational policy making- increases lobbyingexpenditures. When policy in the center is formulated by a committee consisting ofnational representatives -intergovernmental decision making- centralization causeslobbying expenditures fall, for centralization makes national policy makers moreresponsive to demands from domestic lobbies. In the extensions we consider theeffects of enlargement on lobbying and analyze endogenous lobby formation.

Purpose Chronic disease is often associated with a reduced energy level, which limits the capacity to work full-time. This study aims to investigate whether the construct work endurance is part of disability assessment in European countries and what assessment procedures are used. We defined work endurance as the ability to sustain working activities for a number of hours per day and per week. Materials and methods We conducted a survey using two self-constructed questionnaires. We addressed 35 experts from 19 countries through the European Union of Medicine in Assurance and Social Security (EUMASS). We gathered descriptive data on various aspects of (the assessment of) work endurance. Results Experts from 16 countries responded. In most countries work endurance is assessed. We found few professional guidelines specific for the assessment of work endurance. Both somatic and mental diseases may cause limited work endurance. Methods to assess work endurance vary, objective methods rating as most suitable. Almost half of the countries report controversies on the assessment of work endurance. Conclusions Work endurance is recognised and assessed as an aspect of work disability assessment in Europe. However, controversies exist and evidence based guidelines, including reliable and valid methods to assess work endurance, are lacking.

"The existence of a structured enforcement system is an inherent feature of national legal orders and one of the core elements of State sovereignty. The very limited power to issue sanctions has often been deemed a gap in the EC legal order. Over the years, the situation has progressively changed. The Union's institutional setting is growing in complexity and a variety of agencies has been or is expected to be endowed with law enforcement responsibilities. In addition, the so-called competence creep has led the EU to play an increasingly prominent role in several areas of EU law enforcement, including the issuing of sanctions. This book examines these developments, focusing on both the general features of the EU legal order and the analysis of key-substantive areas, such as banking and monetary union, environmental law, and data protection. The work thus presents a general framework for understanding EU sanctioning based on structural features and general legal principles. Part I develops an analytical framework, tracking the most significant evolutive patterns of EU sanctioning powers. Part II adopts a more practical approach focusing on specific issues and policy areas. The book bridges a gap in existing literature and sheds new light on the relationship between the exercise of jus puniendi and the evolution of EU integration"--

Mestrado em Finanças ; Neste trabalho, analisamos os determinantes do rácio Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) dos bancos da União Europeia após a Crise das Dívidas Soberanas. Utilizámos informação da base de dados do Bankscope. Exportámos informação de 137 bancos dos 27 paises da UE no período de 2011 a 2018. Baseámos o nosso estudo numa análise de regressão, sendo que analisámos vários modelos de forma a analisar od determinantes e qual o seu impacto no rácio CET1. Para atestar a robustez dos resultados, replicámos a análise aplicando um processo winsor à variável dependente e à variável que representa o Return on Equity. Verificámos que o tamanho, a exposição ao risco, a alavancagem e a liquidez são fatores que afetam o rácio CET1 e consequentemente a solvabilidade do banco. Adicionalmente, observámos que o programa de compra de ativos por parte do Banco Central Europeu (BCE) aparenta aumentar a capacidade dos bancos para absorver as suas potencias perdas, pelo o que se justifica este tipo de ações por parte do regulador. ; We analysed European Union banks' Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio determinants after Sovereign Debt Crisis. We resorted to information from the Bankscope database. We exported information of 137 banks from the 27 countries belonging to the EU, from 2011 to 2018. We performed a regression analysis, running several models to identify the significant variables and their impact on the CET1 ratio. To attest the results' robustness, we replicate the analysis winsorizing the dependent variable and the variable that represents Return on Equity. We verified that size, risk exposure, leverage and liquidity are factors that affect CET1 ratio and banks solvency. Additionally, we observed that the European Central Banks' (ECB) asset purchase program seems to increase banks' capacity to absorb potential losses, which justifies this kind of measures by the regulator. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Chapter 1: Introduction: The European Union, the Insurance Industry and the Public-Private Mix in Healthcare -- Part 1: The Political Roots of EU Insurance Legislation -- Chapter 2: Insurance Directives and the Single Market: towards a trivialization of Private Health Insurance? -- Chapter 3: Solvency II, the European Government of Insurance Industry and Private Health Insurance -- Part 2: The Impact of the European Union Private Health Insurance -- Chapter 4: The Uncertain and Differentiated Impact of EU Law on National (private) Health Insurance Regulations -- Chapter 5: An increasing homogenisation of Private Health Insurers under Solvency II? -- Part 3: Shifting the public-private mix in healthcare? Multifaceted paths towards Europeanization -- Chapter 6: Private Health Insurance in Belgium: Marketization Crowded Out? -- Chapter 7: Europeanised, marketised but still governed by the State? Private Health Insurance in France -- Chapter 8: Ireland: The Ambiguous Role of the Health Insurance Market -- Chapter 9: The Dutch Way: Experimenting with Competition in the Healthcare system -- Chapter 10: In between the market and public health insurance: a place for occupational welfare in Europe? .