Suchergebnisse

This study was designed to investigate relationships among self‐reported and spouse‐reported beliefs about parenting styles, the characteristics of the individuals manifesting these styles, and the contextual characteristics of parenting. Demographic characteristics, life circumstances, family functioning, personality traits, ability indices, and parenting‐styles indicators were collected from a sample of 452 women and 293 men, all of whom were raising adolescents in contemporary Russia. Of the families studied, 275 were intact (i.e. consisted of married and cohabiting couples). It was found that individual characteristics and contextual characteristics (e.g. family functioning) together predicted about 20% of the variance in reported beliefs about parental styles of responsiveness and demandingness. Moreover, these variables discriminated about 65% of the parents reporting indulging, neglectful, authoritarian or authoritative beliefs about parenting. The percentage of explained variance doubled when beliefs about parenting styles of partners were placed in the model. Thus, in attempts to understand the etiology of parents' beliefs about parenting styles, more attention should be given to beliefs about parenting styles of their spouses. It might be that beliefs about parenting styles emerge as a structure shared by spouses; they are mediated, but not solely determined, by the individual characteristics of parents and their children.

There has been little research on stress as perceived by people with an intellectual disability. This is somewhat surprising considering the changes in philosophy and service delivery models across the western world that have resulted in people with an intellectual disability being at the forefront of massive attitudinal shifts within society. In this study, administration of the Lifestress Inventory to 459 people with a mild or moderate intellectual disability revealed that people with a disability reported experiencing an average of 8.57 stressors from a list of 31 stressors. When the stress intensity ratings for the individual stressors were examined it was clear that most stressors bothered the participants 'a fair bit'. People with an intellectual disability reported a lot of stress from negative interpersonal relationships with peers and others.

Die Verfasser untersuchen die Übertragbarkeit von Managementtechniken, die ursprünglich in und für westliche Länder entwickelt wurden, auf ganz anders geprägte, nicht-westliche Verhältnisse, insbesondere auf afrikanische Länder; sie gehen dabei näher auf H. Mintzberg (1973) ein. Es geht vor allem um die Frage, inwieweit die in USA übliche Rolle eines Managers für den öffentlichen Sektor in Afrika angemessen ist. Dabei wird weitgehende Übereinstimmung auf der Macroebene festgestellt, während die Unterschiede auf der Microebene sowie - nicht zuletzt als Folge kolonialer Fortwirkungen - als ganz erheblich eingestuft werden. Abschließend werden Vorschläge zur Verbesserung von Ausbildungsprogrammen für Manager in Afrika gemacht. (APAF-Glz)