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Abstract
The German Association for Intellectual Property Law (GRUR e.V.) has submitted an opinion on the draft SEP Regulation to the German Federal Ministry of Justice and to the EU Commission. The authors, who were substantially involved in the preparation of the opinion, have translated it into English.
In the group of authors, majority decisions were made in some instances for the adoption of the opinion. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that every comment in the opinion is in line with the views of all the authors.
GRUR is a scientific association recognized as a non-profit organization of all members of professional groups and organizations working in the field of industrial property protection and copyright; these are in particular university lecturers, judges, civil servants, lawyers, patent attorneys and representatives of associations and companies.

The article analyzes the problems of the legal regime of information content of the website, in particular, examines the legislation and positions of scientists regarding the features of electronic information and legal aspects of its use. It is revealed that the legal regime of information content depends directly on the type of information that is placed on the Web page and its objective form of expression. At the same time, the dissemination of information expressed through intellectual property objects is divided into two types: publication, as the final stage of creating a copyright object, and publication, as a form of using the latter. Moreover, the latter is covered by two ways of using it: reproduction and public notification of the object. The methodological basis of the work is dialectical, systematic, comparative legal and formal legal methods. ; У статті проаналізовано проблематику правового режиму інформаційного наповнення вебсайту, зокрема досліджено законодавство та позиції науковців щодо особливостей електронної інформації і правових аспектів її використання. Виявлено, що правовий режим інформаційного наповнення залежить безпосередньо від виду інформації, яка розміщується на веб-сторінці та її об'єктивної форми вираження. При цьому поширення інформації, що виражається через об'єкти інтелектуальної власності, поділяється на два види: опублікування, як завершальний етап створення об'єкта авторського права, та опублікування, як форма використання останнього. Причому останнє охоплюється двома способами його використання: відтворенням та публічним сповіщенням об'єкту. Методологічною основою роботи є діалектичний, системний, порівняльно-правовий та формально-юридичний методи.

"Cultural diversity" has become one of the latest buzzwords on the international policymaking scene. It is employed in various contexts—sometimes as a term close to "biological diversity", at other times as correlated to the "exception culturelle" and most often, as a generic concept that is mobilised to counter the perceived negative effects of economic globalisation. While no one has yet provided a precise definition of what cultural diversity is, what we can observe is the emergence of the notion of cultural diversity as incorporating a distinct set of policy objectives and choices at the global level. These decisions are not confined, as one might have expected, to cultural policymaking, but rather spill over to multiple governance domains because of the complex linkages inherent to the simultaneous pursuit of economic and other societal goals that cultural diversity encompasses and has effects on. Accounting for these intricate interdependencies, the present article clarifies the origins of the concept of cultural diversity as understood in global law and traces its evolution over time. Observing the dynamics of the concept and the surrounding political and legal developments in particular in the context of trade and culture, the article explores its justification and overall impact on the global legal regime, as well as its discrete effects on different domains of policymaking, such as media and intellectual property. While the analysis is legal in essence, the article is also meant to speak to a broader transdisciplinary public.

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are closely related to the economic growth of a State. Appreciation and protection of intellectual works will create a conducive climate for the creativity and innovation of the people. IPR is a Right that is closely related to economic issues. IPR is identical with the commercialization of intellectual works. The commercialization of intellectual works in principle aims to generate economic benefits. Traditionally intellectual property is divided into two branches of "Industrial wealth" and "Copyright". Industrial Property includes the protection of the invention through a Patent, certain commercial protection through the laws of the mark and the laws of industrial design protection. In addition, industrial wealth includes unfair competition control. Traditional Knowledge as a Regional Asset that obtains Legal Protection, As set forth in the copyright law, in Article 10 paragraphs (1) and (2). The professional entity that has the right to decide may not be the copyright registration Copyright is an institution of IPR in each region and Higher Education. Such as the District and Municipal Trade Office, Provincial Trade Office as an extension of the Directorate General of IPR in Jakarta. Sawahlunto city is one of the cities in the province of West Sumatra Indonesia. Currently, the city of Sawahlunto develops into a multi ethnic old tourist city, making it one of the best old cities in Indonesia. The result of crafts from the work of the creation of the traditional community of Silungkang city of Sawahlunto is a cultural asset that needs to be protected under the Copyright Act. To get legal protection against the copyrights of the local creative industry heritage, is inseparable from the role of local government of course, where expected with the problems faced by the public to obtain legal protection of their copyrights. The purpose of this study is to know how the role of local government in the protection of copyright to the creative industry of local cultural heritage in Sawahlunto city, and what are the constraints of local government in the protection of copyright to the creative industry of local cultural heritage in Sawahlunto city. The object of this study is to see how far the role of local government in the protection of copyright to the creative industry of local cultural heritage in Sawahlunto city. To obtain primary data from respondents, this research will use semi-structured interview method

Under conditions where the aim of globalization of services and integration into international structures, protection of property rights and trade right is playing an important role in national and international legislation. Intellectual Property itself includes two categories of rights: The Copyright and Industrial Property. Through this paper, we are going to present the Industrial Property. Initially, the focus will be the development of Industrial Property right to see the origin and grounds of defense of this right back to the earliest times. To proceed further with provisions of Albanian legislation to accomplish the protection of industrial property rights, in order to bring the standards set by European Union countries. Although Albania has a complete legal protection of Industrial Property right, the problem consists in the practical implementation of this legal framework. Issues of applicability of this legal framework in practice are going to be the core of this paper, pointing the shortcomings and the legal vacuums. The international agreements aimed at establishing international standards for the defense of industrial property will also be the focus of this working paper especially those who have been ratified by our country. Also through this paper, we are going to do a description of the objects of Industrial Property, of course mentioning the efficiency of Trademarks and Patents in the national and international economy.

В статье рассмотрен опыт формирования корпоративной инновационной системы и инновационной инфраструктуры на примере интегрированной структуры ОАО «Концерн «Вега». Приведены конкретные примеры инновационных проектов, реализуемых в соответствии с принятой в Концерне процедурой отбора. Обозначены ключевые центры компетенции для реализации проектов по разработке и выводу на рынок конкурентной продукции. Акцентировано внимание на формировании системы управления интеллектуальной собственностью и на вопросах, связанных с подготовкой научно-технических и управленческих кадров. ; In the article it was considered the experience of corporate innovation system and innovation infrastructure formation within integrated Joint-Stock Company «Radio Engineering Corporation «Vega». It was also considered a range of examples of innovation projects realized according to accepted selection procedure. The main centres of competencies were designed in order to commercialize companies' projects. It was focused on the issues of intellectual system management formation and aspects of personnel training.

The aim of the study is to underline the importance of regulation – in the context of compliance – as a strategic tool and an element of the new strategic thinking. The concept of compliance is treated as an essential element of the proper functioning of the company. Compliance has to ensure the company's structure, which will also ensure that its operations will not infringe the law. The compliance function allows not only to optimize risk management, but also enables increasing the organizational culture of the company and is a factor that strengthens the competitiveness of the company. Compliance issues are subjected to scientific analysis and consultancy sector offers services with its implementation, as well as certification of the CMS. These phenomena are examined on the example of the market for new technologies and intellectual property rights on the Internet in reference to the achievements of economic analysis of law and the regulatory impact assessment. ; Celem opracowania jest zbadanie znaczenia regulacji – w kontekście compliance – jako narzędzia strategicznego oraz elementu nowego myślenia strategicznego. Koncepcja compliance jest traktowana jako niezbędny element prawidłowego funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstwa. Compliance to zapewnienie takiej struktury przedsiębiorstwa, która sprawi, iż w jego funkcjonowaniu nie będzie dochodziło do nieprawidłowości. Funkcja compliance pozwala nie tylko zoptymalizować zarządzanie ryzykiem, ale również podnosi kulturę organizacyjną przedsiębiorstwa i jest czynnikiem zwiększającym konkurencyjność przedsiębiorstwa. Zagadnienia compliance są poddawane analizie naukowej, a sektor doradztwa oferuje usługi doradcze przy implementacji i certyfikacji CMS. Zjawiska te są poddane badaniu na przykładzie rynku nowych technologii oraz praw własności intelektualnej w internecie, w nawiązaniu do dorobku ekonomicznej analizy prawa i oceny skutków regulacji.

Through rereading the artist, naturalist, and entrepreneur Maria Sibylla Merian's work on nature in Surinam, this article argues that private entrepreneur-naturalists like Merian, both men and women, participated in the capitalist exploitation of colonial natural resources and reinforced the racial ideology that the critical race theorist Cheryl I. Harris has called "whiteness as property." Entrepreneur-naturalists defined whiteness and white privilege through constructing the domestic sphere as a colonial institution for science. By promoting the culture of curiosity at home, Merian's publication increased the gendered racial stratification of intellectual and manual labor, making white labor hypervisible and slave labor invisible. Contrary to leading historians' interpretations that reduce the entrepreneur-naturalists' colonization projects to a sum of private and allegedly apolitical domestic enterprises, this article proves the naturalists constructed key concepts in the development of modern science, such as empiricism, curiosity, the domestic sphere, and the public, as highly political gendered racial ideologies.

This article analyses the economic organisation of biological materials and research in the USA, focusing particularly on human biological materials and biomedical research. The economic nature and the property rights arrangements that govern biological materials and biomedical research are quite complex. This has important implications for developing comprehensive research collections and exchanges. There is no single market for exchange nor is there a discernable commons: biomedical exchange involves a number of different types of transactions and many centres of decision-making. Theories of efficient governance predict that biomedical exchange is best organised using polycentric principles and diverse contracting mechanisms, property rights and regulatory schemes. Contracting mechanisms include market, trilateral and relational contracting principles. Intellectual property rights arrangements include unrestricted access and use, confidentiality and proprietary information agreements, licenses and patents. Regulatory solutions include limited regulation, self-regulation and third-party ordering. The organisation of biomedical research in the USA provides an excellent opportunity for further research on efficient governance. Adapted from the source document.

This article deals with current attempts by copyright industries (music, motion pictures and computer software) to challenge and criminalize practices of piracy and copyright theft, especially in relation to internet usage. A number of anti-piracy campaigns, all aimed at schoolchildren, are critically examined. It is argued that their advocacy of copyright and their corresponding objections to piracy rest on a number of rhetorical strategies which encode capitalist and individualist conceptions of property, creativity and rights. These strategies are elucidated and examined so as to draw attention to their contingent, partial and mythical character. Alternative understandings of intellectual expression are mobilized so as to delineate a case for legitimizing, rather than demonizing, cultural copying practices.