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AbstractThis study presents empirically calibrated simulations of three different variants of environmental matching agreements aimed at reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. We determine whether matching agreements can produce larger stable coalitions and increase abatement contributions and payoffs as compared to standard agreements. The matching agreements we analyze feature uniform matching rates by which coalition members match the unconditional contributions of (i) the other coalition members, (ii) all other players, or (iii) only non-members, while non-members do not commit to any matching and maximize their individual payoffs. The simulation considers twelve asymmetric world regions with linear abatement benefits and quadratic costs, calibrated based on the STACO 3 model, and uses emissions data from the shared socioeconomic pathways database. We find that the first variant of the matching game fails to produce any stable coalitions and thus performs worse than the standard agreement that produces a stable two-player coalition. The second variant produces a stable grand coalition and significantly increases the abatement and payoff levels beyond the non-cooperative Nash baseline. Partial coalitions are unstable in this game. The third variant produces a two-player coalition similar to the standard coalition formation game, but with different members and higher abatement and payoff levels due to the matching mechanism.

AbstractMuch of the research on children's right to participation has focused on formal settings, with less attention given to everyday contexts. The current study explores the scope of children's participation in everyday life in the family, school and community. Based on a sample of 46 000 children from 32 countries, children's participation was found to vary across the different contexts. Moreover, the quality of the children's relationships with adults was found to be positively related to the degree of their participation. Finally, some cross‐national differences were found.

Die EU ist weit mehr als eine reine Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft, ihre Mitgliedstaaten sind auch durch ein gemeinsames kulturelles Erbe miteinander verbunden. Aus diesem Grund gewinnt der europäische Kulturgüterschutz immer mehr an Bedeutung. Aufgrund ihrer Einmaligkeit und Unwiederbringlichkeit sind Kulturgüter besonders schützenswert. Durch die Revision der EuGVVO, die seit dem 10.1.2015 in Kraft ist, wurde mit Art 7 Nr 4 EuGVVO ein Belegenheitsgerichtsstand für die Rückerlangung beweglicher Kulturgüter in die Liste der Wahlgerichtsstände aufgenommen. Dieser Gerichtsstand stellt ein absolutes Novum im europäischen Zivilverfahrensrecht dar. Dadurch erhält der Kläger die Möglichkeit, neben dem allgemeinen Gerichtsstand, am Ort der Belegenheit eines Kulturgutes Klage zu erheben. Darüber hinaus enthält die EuGVVO noch weitere Gerichtsstände, die in Verfahren zur Wiedererlangung von Kulturgütern zur Anwendung kommen können. In der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit soll untersucht werden, ob der neu eingeführte Kulturgütergerichtsstand zur Stärkung des europäischen Kulturgüterschutzes beiträgt. Geklärt werden soll auch die Frage, ob ein Gerichtsstand am Ort der Herkunft eines Kulturgutes möglicherweise die bessere Alternative gewesen wäre. Schließlich wird auf die Problematik der Staatenimmunität im Zusammenhang mit Verfahren zur Wiedererlangung von Kulturgütern eingegangen. Das betrifft vor allem Fälle, in denen Kulturgüter einst verstaatlicht wurden und dieser Akt nun nachträglich bestritten wird. ; The EU is much more than a simple economic community since the Member States are also united by a common cultural heritage. For this reason, the protection of european cultural assets is becoming increasingly important. Due to their uniqueness and irretrievability, cultural assets are particulary worthy of protection. As a result of the revision of the EuGVVO, which has been in force since 10.1.2015, Art 7 No 4 EuGVVO has been including a forum rei sitae in the list of electoral jurisdictions to recover moveable cultural assets. This jurisdiction is an absolute novelty in the rule of european civil procedure law. This gives the plaintiff the opportunity, in addition to the general place of jurisdiction, to bring an action at the place where the cultural property is situated. In addition, the EuGVVO contains other forms of jurisdiction that come into effect in lawsuits in the case to recover cultural assets. This diploma thesis investigates wheter or not the newly instituted cultural court of justice can contribute to the strengthening of european cultural assets protection. Furthermore, it should be clarified the question of wheter a place of jurisdiction at the place of orign of cultural property might be the better alternative. Finally, the issue of state immunity in relation to proceedings to recover cultural assets is discussed. Especially in cases where the cultural assets have been nationalized and this act is disputed subsequently. ; vorgelegt von Romina Carolin Julia Anja Geiger ; Zusammenfassung in Deutsch ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Diplomarbeit, 2019 ; (VLID)4552200