Suchergebnisse

Approximately half of child sexual abuse (CSA) victims report sexual revictimization later in life; however, there is limited rigorous evidence concerning factors contributing to sexual and nonsexual forms of revictimization. This article investigates the relationships between CSA and a range of revictimization experiences. It also examines the role of other individual-level factors (demographics, CSA characteristics, psychiatric disorders) in the risk of revictimization. The study compares data from a prospective-longitudinal study of 2,759 Australian children (<17 years old) alleged to have experienced contact–CSA between 1964 and 1995, and a comparison group matched on sex and age. In each case, CSA was deemed likely to have occurred according to expert forensic medical opinion. Abused children and comparisons were followed to age 35 years on average, and their lifetime official crime victimization histories and public mental health service records were extracted from statewide population-level administrative databases. Relative to comparisons, CSA victims experienced significantly higher rates of revictimization, with marked elevations in odds for interpersonal revictimization (i.e., sexual assault, physical assault, threats of violence, and stalking). The CSA–physical assault relationship was moderated by sex, with a stronger association for female victims. Among CSA victims, victim sex, age at index abuse, and several psychiatric diagnostic categories were independently associated with revictimization risk, with different patterns of vulnerability emerging depending on the nature of revictimization. Overall, CSA victims are vulnerable to a range of revictimization experiences later in life. Findings have implications for the identification of particular groups of sexually abused children at heightened risk for revictimization and the role mental health services may play in mitigating risk.

Mainstream conceptualisations of domestic abuse that focus on an intimate relationship within a nuclear household do not reflect the experiences of abuse of many women, and this is particularly evident when exploring South Asian women's experiences of family abuse. Drawing on the experiences of 11 Pakistani Muslim women interviewed for my doctoral research, I elucidate the role of the mother-in-law in instigating and perpetrating abuse against daughters-in-law. The sociocultural norms in extended family households, such as a preference for sons and maintaining a joint virilocal household, can cause tensions and hostility between mothers- and daughters-inlaw. These tendencies have potential for violence that is best understood as everyday practices of power and control. I argue that policy and practice, and research, must incorporate a deeper understanding of the family as a potential source of abuse, and particularly the role of female affinal kin, if women are to be protected from such abuse.

What follows is, first, a report of certain developments during the last two years in the administrative law of Virginia, in particular the law governing rule making by state agencies and judicial review of both rules and cases from state agencies and, second, a report of developments in the law relating to Virginia's Freedom of Information Act.

Previously classed: (Supt. of Docs.) HE 1.480/2:(date) ; "Official newsletter of the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect." ; Index to U.S. government periodicals ; Mode of access: Internet.

Duties and responsibilities assigned to the public administrative authorities are not privileges granted to those who occupy public offices. On the contrary, these duties are entrusted to officers with legal powers to carry out their duties to maintain the public interest. Delegation of competence is carried out by formal decisions issued the delegator to allow his delegates to discharge certain duties of according to the delegation. The delegator can only delegate if he is permitted by the legislator. He remains responsible for the delegates acts. The latter becomes, also, responsible before the delegator for his wrongful acts and he cannot delegate his delegated authority. Delegation of authority leads to redistribution of duties between the head and his delegate since it is based on the distribution of duties principle. It reduces the burden of work laid upon the head and it, also allows the delegate to discharge his assigned duties effectively and without delay. Delegation may, as well, improve the machinery of the government and leads to administrative reform. It reduces the defects arising from extreme centralization and may allow a good machinery of administration. Delegation, however, becomes successful if the ministries' heads are convinced and willing to allow delegation at a large scale. It is suggested, also, that an Act of delegation of competence should be enacted. This Act should embody rules that govern the process of delegation including its legal and administrative aspects. The named Act should be applicable to all public authorities in light of a general public policy that promotes delegation within various branches of public administration.

What can geography as a discipline contribute towards a better understanding of human rights issues? Based on an analysis of three maps, selected from a larger set of thirty-two generated from data abstracted from 720 Amnesty International Freedom Writers Letters, this study finds that the number and frequency of human rights abuses over the past twenty years has remained stable at best. A set of ten confounding factors are indentified to explain this lack of progress towards improving worldwide human rights. This article concludes that geographers and human rights scholars could profit in their work by collaborating and consulting with one another's research.