Suchergebnisse

Child trafficking is a significant social problem across the European Union (EU). A discourse has emerged of state services failing trafficked children, who are portrayed as especially vulnerable. Less attention is paid to the socio-political conditions within the EU that result in exclusion. Such exclusion adds to the situational vulnerability that many children on the move experience and it may lead to exploitation. This paper is based on a review of 20 multi-national European Commission funded projects about child trafficking. The projects addressed the child trafficking priorities outlined in the EU Anti-Trafficking Strategy [(2012). Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings 2012-2016, COM (2012) 286, final. Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52012DC0286&from=EN]. Projects were reviewed via in-depth reading. Protective services for children in origin, transit and host countries contribute to the conditions that sustain child trafficking. Systems do not have the capacity to manage the consequences of globalisation. Consequently, exclusionary criteria are applied on the basis of gender, form of exploitation and ethnicity. In this review, being an EU citizen did not result in any guarantees of protection. Better protection requires commitment and investment in preventative programmes.

"Given the legal, political, economic and social similarities that exist, comparisons between the European Union (EU) and Canada can prove instructive. This volume introduces the rationale for comparing Canada and the EU and reviews the political initiatives that have been undertaken to forge links between the two. Taking the political and economic structure used by the EU, it compares this structure to the Canadian model, at both the federal/supranational level and the local government level. Using various disciplinary approaches and case studies, specific policy areas are used to illustrate these comparisons, and several of the papers in the collection extend these comparisons to the NAFTA level. A highly useful reference tool, Crossing the Atlantic will intrigue and inform an interdisciplinary and inter-regional studies audience."--Provided by publisher.

The last decades were characterized by large increases in world trade, not only in absolute terms, but also in relation to world GDP. This was in large parts caused by increasing exchanges of parts and components between countries as a consequence of international fragmentation of production. Apparently, greater competition especially from the Newly Industrializing and Post-Communist Economies prompted firms in 'high-wage' countries to exploit international factor price differences in order to increase their international competitiveness. However, theory predicts that, beside factor price differences, vertical disintegration of production should be driven by a multitude of additional factors. Against this background, the present paper reveals empirical evidence on parts and components trade as an indicator for international fragmentation of production in the European Union. On the basis of a panel data approach, the main explanatory factors for international fragmentation of production are determined. The results show that, although their influence can not be neglected, factor price differences are only one out of many causes for shifting production to or sourcing components from foreign countries. ; Die zurückliegenden Jahrzehnte waren weltweit durch eine erhebliche Ausweitung der internationalen Handelsströme, nicht nur absolut, sondern auch in Relation zum Welt-BIP, gekennzeichnet. Dies ist zu einem Großteil auf den zunehmenden bilateralen Handel mit Vor- und Zwischenprodukten als Folge der internationalen Fragmentierung der Produktion zurückzuführen. Offensichtlich hat der im Laufe der Zeit zunehmende internationale Wettbewerbsdruck, insbesondere seitens der südostasiatischen und der mittel- und osteuropäischen Länder, die Unternehmen in Hochlohnländern veranlasst, internationale Unterschiede in den Faktorpreisen, vor allem in den Arbeitskosten, zur Steigerung ihrer preislichen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit auszunutzen. Allerdings wird die Verlagerung von Teilelementen der Wertschöpfungsketten ins Ausland aus theoretischer Sicht, neben Faktorpreisunterschieden, von einer Vielzahl weiterer Faktoren bestimmt. Vor diesem Hintergrund veranschaulicht der vorliegende Artikel auf der Basis bilateraler Daten zum Außenhandel mit Vor- und Zwischenprodukten das Ausmaß der internationalen Fragmentierung der Produktion in der Europäischen Union. Zudem werden im Rahmen einer Paneldaten-Analyse die wesentlichen erklärenden Größen der vertikalen Aufspaltung von Wertschöpfungsketten bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass internationale Unterschiede in den Arbeitskosten zwar ein wesentlicher, aber dennoch nur ein erklärender Faktor unter vielen sind.

European countries have traditionally been Russia's key economic partners. Mutual interest is based on geographical proximity, historical ties and also by the complementarity markets. Mutual sanctions spread over recent years has called into question Russia – European Union partnership and cooperation established by Agreement in 1994. This article reviews the current status of Russia – EU and its member states relations. Also the article contains analysis of mutual trade, economic and investment cooperation, economic and diplomatic ties of partners during periods of mutual rapprochement (before 2014th) and the subsequent cooling of relations. Conclusions on current Russia – EU and its member states relations. Also the article contains analysis of mutual trade, econ Europe relationship made in this article are based on a comprehensive analysis of official statistics of bilateral trade and investment cooperation between Russia and foreign countries. Current data shows the importance of the European direction for our country. This article also discusses possible ways to improve the efficiency of interaction between partners at the present stage.

Romania's adherence to the European Union implied the previous and entire acceptance of the Community acquis in force on 31st of December 1999. Our country didn't request any period of transition or of derogation in this meaning, being among the first states from East Europe that regulated the audio-visual department, after the occidental model. In order to harmonize the Romanian legislation with the European standards, The National Council of the Audio-Visual Department adopted and transposed a whole range of acts and decisions that we will try to synthesize in our paper. In the adoption of the acquis, the NAC has to watch whether the adopted decisions are conform to the progress at European level. It is necessary to continue strengthening the administrative capacities of NAC to ensure a transparent and predictable implementation of the regulatory framework in the field of audiovisual policy. In Romania, the normative acts that regulate aspects concerning general advertising and promotional communication through television are: Advertising Act and the Broadcasting Act.

Institutions are more than mere agents of their creators. They produce unintended consequences by means of their autonomous action. In the context of the European Union (EU), supranational institutions, such as the European Court of Justice (ECJ) & the European Commission produce such consequences, even in areas where no direct or overt transfer of powers has taken place, while performing the roles assigned to them by their creators. Using a case study regarding the protection of the free movement of workers, this article demonstrates that supranational institutions circumscribe the use of executive discretion by national governments by blurring the line between "safe" & other issues, ie, the line that distinguishes between the "two faces of power.". 48 References. Adapted from the source document.