Suchergebnisse

Preliminary Material /Ying-jeou Ma --Beyond Special and Differential Treatment: Key Trends of Importance to East Asian Regionalism /Sujin Chan --The Duch Trial at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia – Involving the Cambodians in the Process /Caroline Ehlert and Christine Kaufmann --Evaluating the Impact of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts on Domestic Contract Law – The Singapore Example /Eliza Mik --Recognition of States and Governments in International Law: Theory and Practice /Miyazaki Takashi --Sovereignty Claims over the Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo/Takeshima) /Raul (Pete) Pedrozo --Refining the Scope of State Obligations for Treaty-Based Human Rights Violations in Respect of Violence against Women: The Meaning of the 2009 Gonzáles Ruling by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights /H.A. Strydom --Rule of Marine Capture versus Rule of Cooperation in the East China Sea: Exploring Options for Regional Ecosystem Restoration /Anastasia Telesetsky --Running Soft Convergence into the Ground: The Case for an International Antitrust Treaty /Emilio E. Varanini --The Taiwan Government Sues Two Individuals for the Return of a Sum of USDollar29.8 Million (The Papua New Guinea Case) /Loo Choon Chiaw , Chia Foon Yeow , and Wu Yanjuan --The Right to Social Security under Article 9 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights /Francesco Seatzu --Cross-Straits Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) /Pasha L. Hsieh and Pei-Lun Tsai --Contemporary Practice and Judicial Decisions of The Republic of China Relating to International Law, 2010 /Chun-i Chen , Lee & Li Attorneys-at-Law , Pasha L. Hsieh , Chun-Liang Lai , I-Hon Hsiao , Feng-Cheng Kao , and Pei-Lun Tsai --Treaties/Agreements and Official, Semi-Official or Unofficial Agreements Concluded by The Republic of China with Other Countries in 2010 /Chun-i Chen and Pei-Lun Tsai --Table of Cases /Ying-jeou Ma --Index /Ying-jeou Ma --Guidelines for Submissions to The Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs /Ying-jeou Ma.

Résumé Cet article présente des portraits de langues sous forme de dessins commentés de 15 lycéens en classe de Première, inscrits dans une école internationale située au Canada. Le recours à cette technique artistique d'enquête permet d'analyser les représentations d'élèves à partir d'une approche biographique. L'objectif de l'étude est de comprendre le sens que revêt la mobilité géographique chez les élèves issus de la migration internationale et transnationale et d'analyser comment l'école les (re)construit à son tour. Nous nous intéressons au cas particuliers d'établissements situés dans les zones de flux migratoires élevés et aux populations largement diversifiées au plan linguistique et de l'origine ethnique. Les portraits mettent en valeur l'identité plurilingue des élèves et la complexité des liens familiaux au sein d'un « monde mondialisé ». Des pistes d'analyse sont évoquées de façon exploratoire dans un questionnement d'ensemble sur les effets de la mobilité sur les parcours scolaires et l'idée de contextes plus fluides auxquels les écoles doivent aujourd'hui tenir compte.

The period of rapid growth and development of the phenomenon, that is presently characterized as private military and security companies (PMSCs), coincided with the two processes of modern history of international relations: the end of the Cold War and the beginning of the U.S. Global War on Terror (GWOT) in Afghanistan. At the same time state attitude towards violence and transformation of warfare has been changing as well. Two diff erent approaches to the history of the private security market' rise unveil the fact, that, in one way or another, the originators of the private security services were associated with the defense industry and armed forces. Non-state security actors look back on a history, that stretches to the middle and the second half of the 20th century – the period of national liberation movements across the world. Meanwhile, the 90-s of the 20th century marked the fast growth in the number of PMSCs and in the development and enlargement of the private security services' market. Its growth is ongoing to date with gaining more new states that are interested in utilizing its capacity as an instrument of politics. Against the backdrop of the world political processes the private security market experienced technological growth and enhancement. Together with that, both the normative regulation and the approaches of the international community to the phenomenon of private military and security companies have been evolving and changing. Despite its functionality, fl exibility and technological advantages, the market of private security can challenge human rights as well as bare responsibility for the facts of corruption and improper fulfi llment of contractual obligations. Still the episodes of revealed grieve violations rarely reach courts, with infrequent cases of sentencing the perpetrators to punishment. These and other problems occurring in the private security industry require close attention by the states and international community, which has been making eff orts for elaboration of the applicable normative mechanisms to regulate private military and security activity for more than fi fteen years.

AbstractMotivationIn the three years before 2023, we have seen multiple parallel crises—from climate emergencies to economic instability, dramatic increases in costs of living, and political insecurities. Looming larger than the risks is the resultant uncertainty. Development agents, including governments, are historically unprepared for managing converging crisis. When risks are analysed and governed in narrow ways, the historically oppressed and excluded continue to carry the brunt of impact.PurposeThis article reflects on the question: How can institutions, including governments, become more anticipatory against this backdrop, to ensure that their policy and investment choices do not leave anyone behind due to lack of preparedness?Approach and methodsIt draws insights from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Asia and the Pacific's efforts since 2020 to apply more future‐fit planning and programming, recognizing that foresight is not an end in itself, but a mechanism for shaping more anticipatory institutions. It is based on qualitative learning synthesized from over three years of work to establish new systems, capabilities and processes for UNDP and its partners to engage in anticipatory risk and planning.FindingsPractices rooted in strategic foresight and anticipation can support institutions to incorporate long‐term thinking in planning and analysis, but their translation into development decisions and investments requires shifts in perspectives and risk appetite. Historically, strategic foresight has not been mainstreamed within international organizations and governments owing to: failing to embed anticipation into core systems and processes; giving more attention to tools and building skills than to the demand for alternative decision‐making models and to risk tolerance; relying overly on external support and static models; insufficiently attending to organizational culture and relational drivers of thinking and action.Policy implicationsWe suggest four interconnected levers to help sustain impact and equity when bringing anticipatory approaches into policy processes: ensure design elasticity to encourage local, context‐specific models of anticipatory decision‐making; build anticipatory systems as a base to understand future risks, harms, and correlating impacts; interrogate what counts as legitimate and relevant evidence for policy decisions; cultivate imagination as an act of inquiry.

The Gulf crisis of 1990–1991 was, by any standards, one of the more significant international crises of the post-1945 epoch. It involved the mobilization of around one million armed men, the diplomatic involvement of much of the international community, and a war that, for all its limited character, was a significant case of inter-state conflict. In what follows I do not want to dwell on the actual course of this war or to examine in detail specific aspects of the history, not least because the broad outline of what happened is already well known. I do, however, want to look at this conflict in broader perspective, and from two vantage points in particular, each pertinent to the study of international relations (IR).

The Fair Work Act 2009 has brought about significant changes to industrial relations in Australia. It has significantly departed from the previous Liberal government's WorkChoices 2005 legislation in a number of notable ways. For the purposes of this paper, its new focus on collective agreements as the main means of setting wage and conditions for workers is of particular interest. Instead of individual agreements, where employees were expected to provide their own bargaining power, collective bargaining under the new legislation tries to provide employees with the resources of collectivisation and in particular facilitation of the bargaining process. The intention of the Act in this respect is to help the communication and interaction between bargaining parties through the idea of Good Faith bargaining (GFB). GFB within the Act provides firstly procedural requirements for bargaining parties, including organising and attending meetings, exchange of information and responding to proposals. Secondly, it provides for the broader, more subjective principles behind Good Faith, namely that parties should be genuine in trying to reach an agreement, that they do not undermine the collective bargaining process and that they do not undermine the authority of a bargaining party or representative. In the legislation's terms, they must not engage in 'unfair' or 'capricious' conduct. This paper endeavours to ask some natural questions that arise from the idea of GFB. If GFB consists mostly of a state of mind, how do you assess whether parties are being genuine, that they are not simply going through the motions of good faith procedures? What is determined as an unfair or 'bad faith' action? How do you ensure compliance when the notion of fairness is so subjective? These kinds of questions can be answered to a degree by looking at the international developments in this area, particularly in the countries of Canada, the United States and New Zealand. Despite the fact that GFB is not universal, some broad lessons and policy options are available by examining how each of these countries has applied good faith and how the policy and jurisprudence has developed. This paper has examined these questions, through multiple sources, including legislation from these countries, labour board decisions, employment court judgments, submissions to parliamentary inquiries by business and unions, correspondence with experts in the field and academic publications in industrial relations journals. Overall, this research highlighted the limited nature of the Fair Work Act's GFB requirements and the important role of the new regulatory body, Fair Work Australia in further defining it. If constantly left up to the discretion of Fair Work Australia, however, breaches of good faith may not be consistent. The Fair Work Act, particularly compared with other legislation, would need to be more specific about good faith issues. The New Zealand legislation in particular seemed a suitable model in many respects as it was able to define further what constituted a GFB issue. This paper examined three of these; 'passing on' or 'free riding', 'surface bargaining' and direct communication. These all represent either bargaining where parties are not genuinely trying to reach an agreement, bargaining which undermines the collective bargaining process or bargaining which undermines a bargaining party or representative. These are all, however, not specified within the Fair Work Act. This could arguably mean parties engaged in these activities would be technically compliant under the current GFB requirements.' Defining clearly what constitutes good and bad faith activity will create a clear mandate for the new regulatory body, Fair Work Australia, and will create a more successful application of GFB in Australia.

Since the end of the Cold War, the concept of national security has been widened to include a range of non-military threats to the security of the state. This book explores the underlying tensions between a state-centric concept of security, and the concept of human security with respect to a number of new security threats emanating from situations of forced displacement of populations, terrorism, diseases, food insecurity, and the impacts of climate change, all of which are prevalent in Africa and give a particular resonance to the evolving security discourse. The volume undertakes a thorough interdisciplinary investigation of the tensions between state security and human security in the search for solutions to African crises by the international community and regional actors.

The article deals with the maritime education as industry!based staff training. Within the framework of Russian higher education system, industry!based education should not be considered as secondary or peripheral. Training of personnel for shipping industry is carried out on the basis of the national standards and in compliance with the requirements of the International Marine Organization, which is a part of the United Nations Organization. Integration of the maritime education into the world practice had started long before the Bologna system implementation, which is viewed sometimes as an access to European standards. Training of personnel for shipping industry in different countries is based on international and national standards. The organizations uniting the international maritime educational community are the World Maritime University in Malmö, Sweden, International Association of Maritime Universities, International Maritime Lecturers Association and regular conferences on shipping safety. Maritime education aims at the implementation of the state obligations inasmuch international conventions are ratified by the Russian government. ; В статье рассматривается морское образование как отраслевое направление подготовки кадров. Подготовка кадров для флота осуществляется на основе национальных стандартов при обязательном выполнении требований Международной морской организации, которая входит в структуру ООН. Интеграция морского образования с мировой практикой подготовки кадров началась намного раньше введения в нашей стране болонской системы, которую рассматривают иногда как допуск к европейским стандартам. Подготовка кадров для флота в различных странах имеет основу в виде международных и национальных стандартов. Организациями, объединяющими международное морское образовательное сообщество, являются Всемирный морской университет в г. Мальме (Швеция), Международная ассоциация морских университетов, Международная ассоциация морских лекторов. Ту же задачу решают и систематические конференции по вопросам ...