Suchergebnisse

The chapter explores the theoretical, historical, & economic transformations informing the current dialectic between the globalization of capital & international labor's response to the transnationalization of social relations & working-class exploitation. While the fledgling transnational labor movement is as yet split between reformist & radical factions, the emergence of a "new popular internationalism" nonetheless indicates progress in coalition building beyond nation-specific labor interests, enhancing worldwide political as well as labor-class consciousness. K. Coddon

Résumé Cet article présente des portraits de langues sous forme de dessins commentés de 15 lycéens en classe de Première, inscrits dans une école internationale située au Canada. Le recours à cette technique artistique d'enquête permet d'analyser les représentations d'élèves à partir d'une approche biographique. L'objectif de l'étude est de comprendre le sens que revêt la mobilité géographique chez les élèves issus de la migration internationale et transnationale et d'analyser comment l'école les (re)construit à son tour. Nous nous intéressons au cas particuliers d'établissements situés dans les zones de flux migratoires élevés et aux populations largement diversifiées au plan linguistique et de l'origine ethnique. Les portraits mettent en valeur l'identité plurilingue des élèves et la complexité des liens familiaux au sein d'un « monde mondialisé ». Des pistes d'analyse sont évoquées de façon exploratoire dans un questionnement d'ensemble sur les effets de la mobilité sur les parcours scolaires et l'idée de contextes plus fluides auxquels les écoles doivent aujourd'hui tenir compte.

The Åland Islands constitute a very special case in international law. This island territory under Finland's sovereignty has been demilitarised and neutralised for more than one hundred and forty years and autonomous for more than seventy years. In 1921 the Council of the League of Nations laid down international guarantees for the autonomy and the Swedish character of Åland, and a multilateral convention on Åland's demilitarisation and neutralisation was concluded in the same year. The convention is still in force and Åland's autonomy is firmly anchored in both customary international law and Finnish constitutional law. This volume is the first to comprehensively analyse Åland's international legal status. Coverage of its articles includes: analyses of the status and content of Åland's autonomy, military issues, and the relationship between Åland and the EU. The solution achieved for Åland may provide a valuable model of autonomy. This book is important not only for experts and students of international law, but for anyone concerned with territorial autonomy as a possible means for enhancing political rights of minorities

The period of rapid growth and development of the phenomenon, that is presently characterized as private military and security companies (PMSCs), coincided with the two processes of modern history of international relations: the end of the Cold War and the beginning of the U.S. Global War on Terror (GWOT) in Afghanistan. At the same time state attitude towards violence and transformation of warfare has been changing as well. Two diff erent approaches to the history of the private security market' rise unveil the fact, that, in one way or another, the originators of the private security services were associated with the defense industry and armed forces. Non-state security actors look back on a history, that stretches to the middle and the second half of the 20th century – the period of national liberation movements across the world. Meanwhile, the 90-s of the 20th century marked the fast growth in the number of PMSCs and in the development and enlargement of the private security services' market. Its growth is ongoing to date with gaining more new states that are interested in utilizing its capacity as an instrument of politics. Against the backdrop of the world political processes the private security market experienced technological growth and enhancement. Together with that, both the normative regulation and the approaches of the international community to the phenomenon of private military and security companies have been evolving and changing. Despite its functionality, fl exibility and technological advantages, the market of private security can challenge human rights as well as bare responsibility for the facts of corruption and improper fulfi llment of contractual obligations. Still the episodes of revealed grieve violations rarely reach courts, with infrequent cases of sentencing the perpetrators to punishment. These and other problems occurring in the private security industry require close attention by the states and international community, which has been making eff orts for elaboration of the applicable normative mechanisms to regulate private military and security activity for more than fi fteen years.

This book is an international history of the foundation of modern arms control, highlighting the fact that the instrument is varied, resilient, successful, and enduring. The narrative begins after the Napoleonic wars when newly arisen peace movements focused on arbitration as a path to "ending the war system." It moves on to the international community's embrace of "total and complete disarmament" and then to its acceptance of more limited measures by 1968, including the agreements that remain in force today. The book connects the past to the present of multiple negotiations, successful and failed, and underlines how the peace movement increasingly influenced the national policy of the major Western powers, especially the United States. It also highlights the increasing diversification of arms control players, including women and people of color as well as the countries they represented. Based on original research in multinational records and the latest scholarship, the book illustrates the reasons multilateral arms control remains a key instrument of international relations. The chapters are organized both chronologically and thematically, with the result that they cover different amounts of time in order to encompass a given issue and to capture the development of particular threads. The main narrative evolves into a decades-long quest for a global treaty on "general and complete disarmament," which otherwise paces the book and shapes its chapters.