Suchergebnisse

The article considers V.N. Autocratov's contribution to the development of the theory of Russian archival science; it also provides an assessment of the scholar's understanding of the object, subject and the boundaries of archival science as a scientific discipline, of the issues of acquisition, recording and organization of recordkeeping of the USSR State Archival Fund. The paper characterizes the conditions in which V.N. Autocratov developed his archival theory. The latter was based on Marxist methodology and the so-called "principle of partisanship", to which Autocratov gave a rather original interpretation, essentially defining it as a search for professional criteria for assessing the source significance of a document when appraising its value. At the same time, it is noted that in his work Autocratov widely used a popular at his time information approach, giving it a paramount importance in a number of cases, for example, in determining the object of archival science. The scholar did not resort to the theory of archival science based on social memory, which was being developed at that time. However, while standing a historian, in his work he emphasized the historicism of archival knowledge, its orientation not only towards an archivist, but also towards the user of archives – a historian. The article highly evaluates Autocratov's fund theory, which retains its significance at the present time. Autocratov's contribution to the development of the concept of the USSR State Archival Fund is shown.

Increasingly, the present society is coming to be viewed not as a condition but as an alternative, as one possible arrangement of a much larger set. The social sciences help provide an understanding of the factors and mechanisms that allow us to review such a society, propose alternative plans, and transform it in line with these new designs.

AbstractThe tension between organisational demands and the substantive aspects of social work practice can pose a significant challenge for social workers because their professional positioning places them in the middle of what appear to be conflicting and irreconcilable demands, especially in contexts where organisational accountability seems to dominate practice. Although the implications of this tension have been discussed within the social work literature, the specific characteristics have not received much attention. This article explores this tension by drawing on Max Weber's concept of 'ethical irrationality'. Ethical irrationality refers to the historical and cultural conditions that have made way for the tension between formal and substantive rationality and how these qualities have the potential to shape and even distort ethical conduct. In an ethically irrational world, ethical conduct involves risk and uncertainty and, for ethical agents, this often means resorting to using risky means to achieve ethical ends. This issue is particularly relevant for social workers in statutory contexts where professional ethics require practitioners to engage with and challenge organisational norms and procedures. A conceptual tool aimed to assist practitioners in managing this tension is developed.

Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Foreword, by Isabelle Stengers -- 1: Introduction: The Care of Knowledge -- Stepping Out into the Open -- Reconstructing Social Inquiry or, What Is Ethics? -- Contemporary Social Sciences and the Ethics of Inquiry -- Coming Steps -- 2: The Question of Relevance -- Introduction: The Demands for Relevance -- Matters of Fact, Facts that Matter: Contemporary Social Science and the Adventure of Relevance -- Ecologies of Relevance in a Buzzing World -- Patterns, Relationality, and Radical Empiricism -- Conclusion: Casting Off -- 3: The Risks of Invention

Entender la dinámica a través de la cual se construye la cohesión social en América Latina supone una inversión de perspectiva frente a la tendencia dominante que enfatiza los problemas sociales que afligen el continente. Si desconocer estas dificultades sería caer en apologías conservadoras, para entender cómo nuestras sociedades generan cohesión social no podemos dejar de identificar igualmente los enormes recursos positivos de integración y de creatividad socio-cultural existentes en nuestras sociedades.

This book makes an original contribution to current social scientific and political debates around welfare reform through a qualitative investigation of the opinions and experiences of a diversity of welfare users. Competing philosophical, political and academic perspectives on citizenship and welfare are also analysed and discussed. It is important reading for students and teachers of social policy, sociology and politics

This paper investigates empirically the influence of government ideology on social policy using German data. Examining the funding and the benefits of social security and public healthcare policy, my results suggest that policies implemented by governments dominated by left- and rightwing parties were similar over the 1951-2007 period. Leftwing governments, however, spent more in the 1970s and rightwing governments did so after German Reunification in 1990. Since policy convergence encourages new parties to enter the political arena, and party platforms on social policy matters are likely to undergo further changes in light of demographic change, the observed pattern may thus be a transitory phenomenon. Adapted from the source document.

At the end of the second decade of the twenty-first century, European rural policies are on the edge of change. There is a need to evaluate the way social innovations contribute to achieving the goals of rural development policies. However, the direct and indirect impact of policies stimulating social innovation on social practices is often difficult to monitor. Important factors for emerging social innovations are the rural context and capacity of the population which are determined by regional natural and cultural resources, and political and socio-economic conditions at different levels. The adaptive cycle offers a conceptual lens to explore the potential contribution of social innovation and to address how best to respond to challenge facing socio-ecological systems in rural Europe.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1 -- How the Social Security System Operates -- FICA tax -- Medicare tax -- Medicare tax on earned income -- Medicare tax on net investment income -- Not everyone is covered under Social Security -- Summary -- Chapter 2 -- Benefit Eligibility -- Summary -- Chapter 3 -- Social Security Retirement Benefits -- Retirement benefits -- AIME -- Calculating the PIA -- Reduction in benefits for claiming benefits early -- Delaying Social Security retirement benefits -- Spousal retirement benefits -- Working after retirement -- Summary -- Chapter 4 -- Social Security Survivors' Benefits -- No benefits in the month of death -- Children's benefits -- Dependent parent's benefits -- Summary -- Chapter 5 -- Disability Income Benefits -- Characteristics attributable to disabled-worker beneficiaries -- Medical eligibility for Social Security disability income benefits -- When SSDI benefits will end -- Summary -- Appendix A OASDI and SSI Program Rates & -- Limits 2019 -- Appendix B OASDI and SSI Program Rates & -- Limits 2018 -- Chapter 6 -- Taxation of Social Security Benefits -- How benefits are reported -- Summary -- Chapter 7 -- Medicare -- Original Medicare -- Medicare premiums and coinsurance rates Medicare Part A -- Current Medicare premiums and deductibles -- Are the premiums tax-deductible? -- Skilled nursing care under Medicare Part A -- Home healthcare coverage Under Medicare Part A -- Hospice coverage Under Medicare Part A -- Medicare Part B coverage -- Medicare Part C Advantage plans -- Medicare Part D - Prescription drugs -- Medicare supplemental (Medigap) insurance -- Summary -- Chapter 8 -- The Future of Social Security and Medicare -- The system is strained -- Fixing the problems -- Summary -- Appendix A -- Fact Sheet -- Index -- Solutions -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2.

AbstractDuring the winter of 2022–3, three of the most influential individuals in the development of empirical political science in Europe, died. All had been active in research between at least the early 1960s and the present century. David Butler had pioneered, especially, the study of electoral behaviour and particularly in the UK. Jean Blondel had founded the outstanding Department of Government at Essex University and he was one of the principal academics responsible for the creation and subsequent flourishing of the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR). Peter Pulzer not only published important comparative work on European politics, but he also supervised doctoral theses on topics beyond Europe's own borders. This essay discusses their respective roles and contributions in the founding of a discipline that was only newly forming when they started their own research during the 1950s.