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Abstract. Gateway Groups are characterized by a unique social categorization which enables them to be identified with two or more groups within the context of intergroup relations. Due to their strategic situation, Gateway Groups have been found to have the potential to improve the relations between their distinct social counterparts. In this paper we attempted to replicate the Gateway Group line of research in the Western Balkan context with two different kinds of Gateway Groups: Children of mixed Serb(s) and Bosniak families, and Bosniak citizens of Serbia. As in previous Gateway Group studies, we found that in both cases the exposure to a dually identified Gateway Group lead to a more complex perception of the Gateway Group itself, a higher belief in the potential of the Gateway Group to bridge the relations between the ingroup and the outgroup, and a greater sense of closeness between the ingroup and the outgroup.

This paper aims to develop an integrated policy index system using a Surface Measure of Overall Performance (SMOP) approach to comprehensively evaluate and compare the policy input and social output of the retirement payment system in urban and rural China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan. With this, a tool may be developed to help insightfully examine the old‐age income policies and appropriately, and perhaps theoretically in the future, categorize the types of retirement provisions or social security policies as a whole in the East and West. The results indicate that, particularly in urban China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan, a low level of de‐familization and medium and high levels of gender equality are the common features of these five pensions in China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan. Furthermore, it is found that the retirement provisions in China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan can well be divided into two groups based on the level of pension right protection and illustrate different characteristics between them accordingly. In addition, policy implications and suggestions for further reforms of these retirement payment schemes are elaborated in the light of the findings of this policy index system.

Background: In developing countries including Nepal, medicine is easy to purchase with or without prescription over the counter. People's self-medication practice is a leading cause of antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to assess self-medication practice and its influencing factors among rural people of Nepal.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from total 62 wards in rural Rolpa district of Nepal.The probability proportional to size was applied to select 6 wards, then 115 households from each ward was selected by applying systematic random sampling. Data collection was done by interviewing 720 household heads age 18 to 70 years old using a structured questionnaire in Nepal
Results: The proportion of regular self-medication practice was 54.6%. Among them, 96.4% practiced self-medication when they got diarrhea/dysentery and 94.2% when they got a stomach ache. The factors associated with self-medication practice included gender (OR=2.24,95%CI=0.23-0.42), age (OR=5.59,95%CI=3.68-8.47), religion(OR=0.57,95%CI=0.42-0.77), family type (OR=4.00,95%CI=2.93-5.47), average income (OR=7.31,95%CI=5.04-10.56), decision making (OR=0.6,95%CI=0.44-0.82, health insurance(OR=1.64,95%CI=1.22-2.22), overall access to health service (OR=3.53,95%CI=2.55-4.90), and appraisal support(OR=2.24, 95%CI=1.66-3.02)
Conclusions: Prevalence of self-medication in rural areas of Rolpa district was high among female, older people Accessibility to health service should be improved to reduce risk of self-medication practice. The health promotion related with benefit and side effect from self-medication are important for high risk group i.e. people over 30 years .
Keywords: Access to health service; rural Nepal; self-medication; social support

The most punitive era in American history reached its apex in the 1990s, but the trend has reversed in recent years. Smart on Crime: The Struggle to Build a Better American Penal System examines the factors causing this dramatic turnaround. It relates and echoes the increasing need and desire on the part of actors in the American government system to construct a penal system that is more rational and humane. Author Garrick L. Percival points out that the prison boom did not naturally emerge as a governmental response to increasing crime rates. Instead, political forces actively built and shaped.

Although a great deal of research has examined the potential negative effects of Facebook, studies also show that Facebook use can lead to various positive effects. This study builds on this positive effects scholarship: together, the two studies presented herein aim to provide an understanding of the inspirational content available on Facebook and the way social media users in the United States encounter, recall, and interact with this content. Results from the quantitative content analysis in Study 1 show that inspirational Facebook posts contain similar frequencies of hope and appreciation of beauty and excellent elicitors when compared with other forms of media and social media. Results from the national survey conducted in Study 2 show that social media users are most often inspired by portrayals of kindness and overcoming obstacles and that Facebook users did not report different sharing behavior as compared with users of other social media sites.

Статья представляет обзор государственной молодежной политики в Азербайджанской Республике. В ней рассматриваются цели, приоритеты и достижения молодежной политики, а также важность образования, здоровья, трудоустройства и культурной активности для молодежи. Статья также обсуждает роль молодежных организаций и программ в поддержке и развитии молодежного сектора. Обзор основан на анализе официальных документов, исследований и статистических данных, связанных с молодежной политикой в Азербайджане. В статье представлены основные цели государственной молодежной политики, включая образование, здоровье, трудоустройство и культурную активность молодежи. Освещается роль государственных программ и инициатив в достижении этих целей и обеспечении поддержки молодежи. Анализируя последние достижения и инициативы в области молодежной политики, статья подчеркивает важность продолжения поддержки и развития молодежи для будущего развития страны. В заключении статьи подчеркивается необходимость продолжения усилий по улучшению условий для молодежи и поддержке их активной роли в обществе. Таким образом, данная статья предоставляет обзор и анализ государственной молодежной политики в Азербайджане, подчеркивая ее значение и важность для будущего развития страны.

"An impressive take on contemporary energy policy issues with much needed fresh perspectives and an all-star roster of leading thinkers. I hope that every energy policymaker or even student of energy policy reads it." - Benjamin K. Sovacool, Professor of Energy Policy, University of Sussex, UK. "The authors brilliantly demonstrate through a number of approaches, cases and examples, how interdisciplinary Social Sciences and Humanities research could and should be mobilised in EU energy policy and future energy transition research agendas." - Marianne Ryghaug, Professor of Science and Technology Studies, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. This open access book advocates for the Social Sciences and Humanities to be more involved in energy policymaking. It forms part of the European platform for energy-related Social Sciences and Humanities' activities, and works on the premise that crossing disciplines is essential. All of its contributions are highly interdisciplinary, with each chapter grounded in at least three different Social Sciences and Humanities disciplines. These varying perspectives come together to cover an array of issues relevant to the energy transition, including: energy poverty, justice, political ecology, governance, behaviours, imaginaries, systems approaches, modelling, as well as the particular challenges faced by interdisciplinary work. As a whole, the book presents new ideas for future energy policy, particularly at the European level. It is a valuable resource for energy researchers interested in interdisciplinary and society-relevant perspectives. Those working outside the Social Sciences and Humanities will find this book an accessible way of learning more about how these subjects can constructively contribute to energy policy. Chris Foulds is Senior Research Fellow at Anglia Ruskin University's Global Sustainability Institute, UK, and is co-lead of SHAPE ENERGY. His interests involve sociotechnical change, energy demand and policy interventions. Rosie Robison is Senior Research Fellow at Anglia Ruskin University's Global Sustainability Institute, UK, and co-lead of SHAPE ENERGY

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Foreword: Unleashed-Whiteness as Predatory Culture -- Introduction: Oxymoronic Whiteness-from the White House to Ferguson -- Part One. Hauntings in Popular Culture -- Reflection -- "Postracial" -- 1. Not Everybody's Protest Novel: White Fictions of Antiracism from Stowe to Stockett -- 2. The Help as Noncomplicit Identification and Nostalgic Revision -- 3. Must(n't) See TV: Hidden Whiteness in Representations of Women of Color -- 4. Color-Blind Rhetoric in Obama's 2008 "Race Speech": The Appeal to Whiteness and the Disciplining of Racial Rhetorical Studies -- Part Two. Hauntings in Social Media -- Reflection -- Before #BlackLivesMatter -- 5. Racialized Slacktivism: Social Media Performances of White Antiracism -- 6. The Ghost's in the Machine: eHarmony and the Reification of Whiteness and Heteronormativity -- 7. Facebook and Absent-Present Rhetorics of Whiteness -- Part Three. Hauntings in Education -- Reflections -- A Dwindling Focus on Whiteness -- Administering Whiteness Studies -- 8. Washing Education White: Arizona's HB 2281 and the Curricular Investment in Whiteness -- 9. How Whiteness Haunts the Textbook Industry: The Reception of Nonwhites in Composition Textbooks -- 10. The Triumph of Whiteness: Dual Credit Courses and Hierarchical Racism in Texas -- Part Four. Hauntings in Pedagogies -- Reflection -- Black, White, and Colors in Between-Whiteness Haunting Feminist Studies -- 11. On the Cover of the Rolling Stone: Deconstructing Monsters and Terrorism in an Era of Postracial Whiteness -- 12. The Pedagogical Role of a White Instructor's Racial Awareness Narrative -- 13. Practicing Mindfulness: A Pedagogical Tool for Spotlighting Whiteness -- Part Five. Problems Haunting Theories of Whiteness -- Reflections -- Calling a White a White -- Calling Whiteness Studies

Chapter 1. Disobedience, Old and New Definitions. An Introduction -- Part I: Definitions - Disobedience as a Form of Dissent and Resistance in Contemporary Times -- Chapter 2. The Puzzle of Civil Disobedience -- Chapter 3. From Civil to Social: Disobedience as a Need for Transition From Representative Democracy to the Democracy of the Future -- Chapter 4. The "standard" Definition of Civil Disobedience Between the Fidelity-to-law Requirement and the Rule-of-law Ideal -- Chapter 5. Judicial Civil Disobedience, the Limitations of Portia, the Futile Radicalism of Antigone and the Wisdom of Cato -- Chapter 6. Disobedience. Theoretical Framework and Case Studies -- Chapter 7. The Philosophy of Disobedience. The Detachment From the Rule as a Theoretical Act -- Part II: Democracy and Solidarity - Civil, Social and Prosocial Disobedience: Challenging Issues All Over the World -- Chapter 8. Breaching Acts That Challenge Deep Structures of Society -- Chapter 9. Understanding Victims' Narratives as Actions of Social Disobedience in Transitional Justice Times: the Case of the Never Again Museum in Colombia -- Chapter 10. Children of Homosexual Couples: Between Legislative Limits and the Disobedience of Would-be Parents. Reflections on a Problem Awaiting a Solution -- Chapter 11. Guilty Without Crime: the Policing of Solidarity With Refugees and Other Migrants -- Chapter 12. Prosocial Activism: First Evidence From the Protests for Migrants' Rights in Sicily -- Chapter 13. Civil Disobedience as a Current Form of Resistance: the Tax Rebellion of the Agricultural Sector in Argentina -- Chapter 14. Why Do People Disobey the Law? Emotions and Reasons in the Protest Against the Trans-adriatic Pipeline -- Chapter 15. Students and Dissent. Rethinking Kenneth Keniston's Contribution to Youth Studies -- Chapter 16. The 21st Century Economy Between Global Law and National Legal Systems: the Strength of the Market and the Weakness of the State -- Part III: Contemporary Changes - Disobedience in Pandemic Times -- Chapter 17. The Handling of the Covid-19 Pandemic and Regional or Local "disobedience" -- Chapter 18. Social Movements and Social Disobedience During the Covid-19 Crisis: the Case of the Italian University -- Chapter 19. Cosmopolitan Educational Disobedience. A Proposal for Changing Times? -- Chapter 20. Disobedience in Pandemic Times: Protests for and Against Distance Learning in Italy.