Suchergebnisse

AbstractBack‐to‐the‐land migration offers a unique and insightful opportunity to explore how individuals from non‐agricultural backgrounds adopt, adapt and perceive the demands of farming. There is considerable variation in the forms of study and methods of preparation that back‐to‐the‐landers undertake before trying to create a livelihood from the land, not to mention highly disparate results from their efforts. This article considers the value that new farmers in Italy attach to different forms of knowledge, in particular the discrepancies between formal scientific and local knowledges. The utility of different forms is discussed in relation to the individual experiences of farmers, as well as formal networks that exist to impart technical knowledge of agriculture. Two case‐study organisations, Worldwide Opportunities on Organic Farms (WWOOF) and Associazione per Esperienze (APE) are analysed with regard to their abilities to assemble and transmit specific forms of knowledge to new and aspiring farmers, thus strengthening the viability of back‐to‐the‐land as a lifestyle choice and farming as a vocation.

An exploration of the relationship between ethics and literary aesthetics based on an Argentine intergenre text built on modern narrative techniques and realist police journalism—Cristian Alarcón's Si me querés, quereme transa—unravels the networks of South American migration that sustain urban drug dealing and alter the profile of the city. Recent narratives of drug trafficking such as this one represent a contemporary international and globalized literary genre that dilutes concepts such as nation, literary aesthetics, and fiction. Una exploración de la relación entre ética y estética literaria basado en un texto intergenérica argentina construido sobre técnicas modernas de narrativa y reportaje policial realista– Si me querés, quereme transa, de Cristián Alarcón–revela las redes de migración sudamericana que sustentan el tráfico de drogas urbano y alteran el perfil de la ciudad. Al igual que otras narrativas recientes sobre el narcotráfico, el libro presenta un género literario contemporáneo globalizado que diluye conceptos como nación, estética literaria y ficción.

PurposeIn the last decades, migration of domestic workers and, in particular, care workers has grown into a significant part of movement from the global South to the global North. This phenomenon is referred to as the "new international division in social reproductive work" – outsourcing domestic chores to (mostly) migrants enables families in the global North to escape from the tensions arising from balancing productive and social reproductive work. This paper seeks to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachConsidering two empirical examples of stereotypically male and female migrant domestic work – Polish handymen and elderly care workers – this paper puts the phenomenon in the context of the broader feminist debate on care work, global care chains and social policies.FindingsIt attempts to analyze how the employment of Polish handymen or elderly care workers in Germany results from and recreates social inequalities based on gender, class and ethnicity/citizenship.Originality/valueFor this purpose, it looks at both "ends" of this specific European "care chain" – the employing families in Germany as well as the migrant's families in Poland.

Racial controls on Indian migration to the British Dominions can explain only some features of the compulsory passport regime as it crystallised in India during the Great War. The streaming of population movement across India's borders was shaped by regional geo-political imperatives as well. While race issues certainly haunted the Indian intelligentsia's stance on border management, its positions were also shaped by the class and gender parameters in which it cast citizenship. Both the colonial regime and the Indian intelligentsia conceived of the passport, for different reasons, not just as a document of identity and nationality but also as a civic testimonial which only some kinds of Indians were qualified to hold. Behind the seeming homogeneity of the 'international' form of the passport were accommodations to 'local' colonial protocols of recording and attesting identity, and keeping 'undesirables' under surveillance. However the new British Indian passport regime bore some trace also of the trans-national constituencies which intervened in the new order of travel being shaped by the Euro-American world.

The activities of extractive industry have recently been framed by a language of corporate social responsibility that relies on a system of legibility and objectification. This process reifies 'cultural units', abstracting them from the rules of kinship, migration, and exchange that ensure social and economic security. I refer to this process and the ideology of 'development' that accompanies it as culturization and examine it in the context of oil extraction in Papua New Guinea's Kutubu region. Drawing on debates on the indigenization and politicization of 'culture', I present culturization as a process that relies on rules of inheritance and property to impose a structure of difference in contexts of extractive industry that ignores the intricacies of sociality that ultimately give life meaning. The aim of the paper is to both illustrate the consequences of this process and consider cognate ideas of 'culture' vis‐à‐vis 'sociality' to emphasize their mutual theoretical importance to contemporary anthropological inquiry.

Migration, which has increased in the age of globalization, elicits a range of responses from the host countries, ranging from passive tolerance to active support of the newcomers. These responses affect many aspects of public life, most notably education, and the way immigrant youth are being either included or excluded. Residential care, which is known to be a powerful social instrument, is often used by societies for solving complex problems of children and young people. While many countries consider residential care an alternative of last resort, in Israel, these structural features of residential care institutions have been used for supporting young immigrants experiencing difficulties during the most crucial stage of the cross-cultural transition process. This paper presents the youth village, a unique Israeli residential educational model, highlighting the great potential of residential education and care programs for coping with the challenge of successfully integrating migrating youth. However, residential care methods and concepts are changing a lot and this influences how residential care programs are working with immigrant youth today.

Student migration within U.S. urban school districts is now a central feature of policies that promote school choice to access a quality education. Policymakers also support the value of diversity in public schools, even as educational policies and legal decisions that redress racial inequities have receded into the political background. This paper draws from a four-year ethnography (2007-2011) to explore the intersections of race and the geography of school opportunity, and their impact on 15 African American male youth who leave their neighborhoods to participate in a diversity initiative [DI] at an elite public high school in Chicago. The ethnography conveys the visible and often invisible borders of race and place and the impact on youth's perceptual cartographies of the spaces in which their daily lives occur. As the issue of social inclusion gains salience, not only in U.S. cities, but also in cities everywhere, the relevance of these processes and their impact on disadvantaged groups are important to understand. (DIPF/Orig.)

In Russia, a considerable positive experience in preventing and combating trafficking in human beings is accumulated, which manifests itself in the adoption of relevant legislation, creation of corresponding structures within the law-enforcement agencies, and elaboration of practices for effective interdepartmental and international cooperation between the law enforcing agencies, as well as between the state authorities, local authorities and the NGOs. The main problems stem from the lack of a national strategy (program) to combat trafficking in human beings and assist victims of trafficking, 11 11 The program on Cooperation of the CIS countries against human trafficking for 2011 - 2013, approved by the heads of CIS member states on December 10, 2010, allows for country-specific actions at the national level. and from the lack of mechanisms to support of the Russian NGOs that work in this direction ; Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

In the twenty-first century, Latina/o visual culture has taken a refreshing turn in the representation of Latina desire, sexuality, and freedom as a new generation of actresses and directors contributes to this medium in cultural and film studies. In particular, film directors have created alternative models for Latinas who migrate within cities in the U.S. and across transnational borders signifying a domestic and global expansion of Latinidad. This study focuses on Chicanas' and Latinas' journeys to control their bodies and minds in the context of urban migrations between the cultures of Latin America and the United States in two cinematic narratives. In the post-2000 decade, two critically acclaimed independent films, Real Women Have Curves (2002) and María Full of Grace (2004), have depicted Latina adolescents coming of age in transnational cities, Bogotá, Los Angeles, and New York, to demonstrate how the politics of the body and mind can affect the dynamics of family relationships and the division of labor within the larger scheme of globalization.

С 1990-х годов, Грузия сталкивалась с одной из своих самых серьезных проблем: расселением и социально-экономической интеграцией внутренне перемещенных лиц из Абхазии и Цхинвальского региона, бежавших оттуда в результате внутренних вооруженных конфликтов. За последние несколько лет число ВПЛ возросло за счет притока иностранных граждан, стремящихся получить либо статус беженца, либо гуманитарный статус. Эти цифры еще более возросли после принятого властями Грузии обязательства по репатриации турок-месхетинцев, высланных в организованном порядке из Грузии в 1944 году. Несмотря на то, что определение внутренне перемещенных лиц, предусмотренное законодательством Грузии, не включает в себя экологических мигрантов, перемещенных в результате стихийных бедствий, настоящая пояснительная записка затрагивает также вопросы переселения эко-мигрантов, турок-месхетинцев и вынужденных переселенцев из Абхазии и Цхинвальского региона, а также единый подход государства к решению их проблем. ; Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union ; Russian version of CARIM-East 2013/130

Неоднозначные социально-политические процессы, сопутствующие формированию позиции Украины относительно принятия различных групп мигрантов из ЕС, СНГ и других стран, предопределяют высокий риск формирования маргинализированного реадмиссионного пространства33 на ее территории. Несмотря на медленный, но устойчивый прогресс в сфере обсуждения и разработки многосторонней правовой базы в данной сфере, институциональный и имплементационный отрыв от принятых международных стандартов реадмиссии34, возврата и реинтеграции остается существенным. Высокий уровень ксенофобии среди населения Украины по отношению к некоторым иноэтничным группам35, подогреваемый набирающими популярность радикальными националистическими движениями, создает условия для геополитического и цивилизационного отката общественных установок в неблагоприятном для будущего украинского государства и социума направлении. На текущем этапе актуализация стратегических задач программы «Восточное партнерство» для Украины может быть стимулом для гармонизации ее политической и законодательной систем, а также для мобилизации государственных ресурсов для осуществления комплексных реформ в миграционной сфере. 36 ; Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union ; Russian version of CARIM-East 2013/24

"Dieser Beitrag richtet seinen Fokus auf die zivilen und zivil-militärischen Aspekte der Auslandseinsatzpolitik der westlichen Staaten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der EU und ihrer Mitgliedstaaten. Dabei steht nicht primär die entsprechende Politik Österreichs, sondern die von konkreten Akteuren unabhängige Betrachtung der Problematik in Vordergrund. Sowohl die Österreichische Sicherheitsstrategie 2011 als auch die EU-Sicherheitsstrategie aus dem Jahr 2003 benennen eine Reihe von Herausforderungen wie u.a. natürliche und von Menschen verursachte Katastrophen, Drogenhandel, Wirtschaftskriminalität, Korruption, illegale Migration, nicht gelingende Integration, Knappheit von Ressourcen (Energie, Nahrungsmittel, Wasser), Klimawandel, Umweltschäden und Pandemien oder auch Piraterie und die Bedrohung der Verkehrswege (ÖSS 2011:4). Die 2003 beschlossene EU-Sicherheitsstrategie (ESS) 'Ein sicheres Europa in einer besseren Welt' benennt Armut, Hunger, Unterernährung, Flüchtlinge, globale Erwärmung u.v.a. als 'globale Herausforderungen '. Javier Solana skizziert in der ESS als seinerzeitiger Beauftragter für die Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik als Hauptbedrohungen den Terrorismus, Verbreitung von Massenvernichtungswaffen, regionale Konflikte, Scheitern von Staaten ('failed states') und organisierte Kriminalität. Ein wesentlicher Teil dieser Herausforderungen ist nichtmilitärischer Natur und verlangt folgerichtig nichtmilitärische Ansätze zur Bearbeitung sowohl auf non-gouvernementaler, wie auf staatlicher und internationaler Ebene. Ein Ausgangspunkt dieses Beitrages ist die - mit dem Betrachtungsschwerpunkt EU in diesem ersten Teil und einem aus non-gouvernmentaler Trainingsperspektive im zweiten Teil - gegenwärtige finanzielle, personelle und politische Asymmetrie zwischen zivilen und militärischen Kapazitäten für Auslandseinsätze im Rahmen eines zumeist staatszentrierten Ansatzes. Die realpolitische Prioritätensetzung zwischen Militär und Zivil zur Bearbeitung der genannten Herausforderungen entspricht nicht dem hauptsächlich zivilen Aufgabenspektrum. Der dritte Teil dieses Beitrages besteht aus einem Interview mit Elias Bierdel." (Autorenreferat)

В статье рассматривается проблема регулирования занятости в условиях транзитивной экономики. Автор на основе исследования состояния рынка труда Республики Таджикистан определяет, что в современных условиях денежные переводы мигрантов выступают основным источником внешнего финансирования населения. При этом предполагается разработка и использование специальных законодательных норм, которые должны способствовать решению проблем занятости в республике. В статье также предложены показатели эффективного регулирования занятости государством и разработаны приоритетные направления миграционной политики Республики Таджикистан. ; The article dwells on the problem concerned with regulation of employment under the conditions of transitive economy. On authority of the explored labor market of Tajikistan Republic the author states that under modern conditions monetary transferences of migrants serve as the main source of outward financing of population. Hereby, they propose an elaboration of special legislative norms with their further introduction into usage bound to promote a solution of the problem of employment in the republic. Suggested indices of effective employment regulation carried out by the state and elaborated priority streamlines of migration policy are presented in the article.

This paper challenges and complements the view, widely held in sociological labor studies, that incomplete proletarianization weakens labor's bargaining power in the city by allowing capital to externalize the costs of labor reproduction to the countryside. The authors argue instead that the preservation of migrant workers' links to the rural economy plus rural development measures can, under certain circumstances, empower labor by increasing their marketplace bargaining power. Beginning with the puzzle of migrant labor shortages in China, and based on national data and a case study, the authors show that access to land and pro-rural state policies in the first decade of the twenty-first century together stimulated rural development in hinterland China and created more employment opportunities in agricultural and local nonfarm sectors. As a consequence, rural (migrant) laborers in China were able to rely on rural employment and choose not to participate in labor migration, thus contributing to the labor shortage and pressing employers in the city to increase wage rates and improve working and living conditions. Adapted from the source document.

Several studies have examined the racial policies promoted by the Nazi regime from theoretical and sociological perspectives. Theoretical studies have focused their attention on the contribution that scientific disciplines (anthropology, biology, eugenics, and demography) gave to the institution of Nazi racial policies. Sociological studies have focused on the role that the German scientific community had in enforcing such policies, as well as on the consequences these policies had for the scientific community. For instance, they have considered the effect that the emigration of Jewish and anti-fascist scientists from Germany had on the quality of scientific research. The migration of scientists from German universities to American universities weakened the quality of scientific research in Germany and strengthened it in the US. Here, Israel turns his attention to the expulsion of Jewish professors from science departments, an especially important issue given the national and international preeminence of Italian Jews in the sciences, a story similar in many ways to what had been unfolding in Germany. Adapted from the source document.