The democracy practice could grow when the nation's generation had history awareness and be a good citizen. So the democratic education should be developed, one of the ways was through history learning in schools. Social history teaching materials, especially regarding women and ethnic was full of democratic values, there were freedom and egalitarian. Various experiences and problems of democracy could not be separated from society life since ancient era. By understanding the social dynamics through history learning, the young generation was expected to be wise in determining the democracy continuity for nation's future.
We just passed half of 2016 and already major terror attacks have unfolded across the globe. Making sense of all this bloodshed is very hard when facing so much death and destruction. Some of the massacres that marked this year occurred in Orlando, Baghdad, Istanbul, Brussels, Nice, and Dhaka, Bangladesh. Thus 'terrorism' is a term that is very often heard of in the news because of incidents that involved tens if not hundreds of victims, or because governments decided to implement some form of counter-strategy that aims at mitigating this phenomenon. However, few ever notice that the history of terrorism stretches into the ancient world even though the general public perceives that is a very topical and contemporary issue. This short article will look at key instances in history where terrorism left an imprint and analyse the strategies, tactics and mind-sets that evolved through space and time. ; N/A
The early phases of computer supported research in history have been characterized by enthusiasm about the many possibilities opened. Possibilities, which go beyond just one methodological paradigm as the recent discussions about the relative importance of quantitative studies within computer applications in history show. A deeper discussion about these developments is necessary, necessary for pure intellectual reasons as well as for ones within the politics of academia. This requires a theory of historical computing, which starts from an analysis of the differences between computing in history and computers' applications to other disciplines. To illustrate that, a number of examples are given, which show that the information presented by historical sources is inherently different from the one processed by information systems directed at current times.
Der Aufsatz dreht sich zunächst um die Geschichte des Verhältnisses der beiden Disziplinen Geschichte und Psychologie, um die wichtigsten Felder dieser Beziehungen in den letzten anderthalb Jahrhunderten und um die Bedeutung des subjektiven Elements in der Geschichte und in der Historiographie überhaupt. Vertieft werden solche Grundsatzfragen an den kooperativen Möglichkeiten zwischen Psychoanalyse und Oral History und ihren Problemen, vor allem in den Fragen der Wirkung des Unbewussten in der Geschichte, der Wahrnehmung und Verarbeitung von Geschichte sowie des individuellen und des kollektiven Gedächtnisses.
AbstractThis article provides a textured history of the multivalent term "hindu" over 2,500 years, with the goal of productively unsettling what we think we know. "Hindu" is a ubiquitous word in modern times, used by scholars and practitioners in dozens of languages to denote members of a religious tradition. But the religious meaning of "hindu" and its common use are quite new. Here I trace the layered history of "hindu," part of an array of shifting identities in early and medieval India. In so doing, I draw upon an archive of primary sources—in Old Persian, New Persian, Sanskrit, Prakrit, Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, and more—that offers the kind of multilingual story needed to understand a term that has long cut across languages in South Asia. Also, I do not treat premodernity as a prelude but rather recognize it as the heart of this tale. So much of South Asian history—including over two thousand years of using the term "hindu"—has been misconstrued by those who focus only on British colonialism and later. We need a deeper consideration of South Asian pasts if we are to think more fruitfully about the terms and concepts that order our knowledge. Here, I offer one such contribution that marshals historical material on the multiform and fluid word "hindu" that can help us think more critically and precisely about this discursive category.
Presenting selected histories in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas, this work discusses: political and economic issues; marriage practices, motherhood and enslavement; and religious beliefs and spiritual development. Famous women, including Hatshepsut, Hortensia, Aisha, Hildegard of Bingen and Sei Shonangan, are discussed as well as lesser known and anonymous women. Both primary and secondary source readings are included.
