Suchergebnisse

"This book presents all aspects of Social Media consumption including current trends, practices, and newly emerging narratives from a wide range of disciplinary perspectives and on both theoretical and empirical research from academic researchers and critical practitioners"--

It is a well-known fact that the so called "white collar crimes" now implies a wide variety of offenses (including bribery) that can affect the lives of more individuals than the "classic" crimes. An analysis of corruption necessarily implies an interdisciplinary approach, as it has multiple facets: social, political, economic and juridical. The New Criminal Code of Romania (NCC) has brought a series of important changes, compared to the previous regulation. All forms of corruption involve an abusive use of power (public or private), for a personal gain, occurring regardless of the form of government or historical period.

Background: Vulnerability among older women than older men create a different challenge to achieve their quality of life. A different place to stay and the aging process can affect a high risk of malnutrition among older people. Based on Indonesia regulation, no. 11/2009, the government builds one program to ensure older people get social welfare. But negative stigma toward panti wreda from community provokes panti wreda's challenge in their services. Moreover, the different aging process creates a different challenge. Sometimes, older people find it difficult to communicate in recent places, different physical activity, and nutrition status. Objective: To explore quality life from older women in panti wreda from the social and nutrition aspect. Methods: This study uses descriptive quantitative methods. Recall, Index Bartel, and Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA) are used to collect data in Panti Wreda Sosial Salib Putih. Data can be obtained from 13 older women among 16 total older women in Panti Wreda. Three older women cannot be collected regarding their condition, i.e., bed rest and mental health problems.Result: Panti Wreda Sosial Salib Putih has the challenge of providing diet requirements among older women. The tight budget causes Panti Wreda Sosial Salib Putih only to provide indifferent food every day. Limited diet requirements among older people lead to a high risk of malnutrition. Recall data show that older people in Panti Wreda Sosial Salib Putih have excess in protein and fats. And based on MNA, 7 older women from 13 older women in total have malnutrition, while data from index bartel show that all older women have independent status. Conclusion: older women in Panti Wreda Salib Putih still have the challenge to meet their diet requirements while independent status can create a new challenge to have malnutrition.

The article deals with the objectification of the "austrian" period of life of the Greek-Catholic priesthood of Galicia. Without resorting to deep geopolitical revisions, the article eliminates the aspectal panorama of the sociopastoral initiatives of the church. The circumstances and challenges due to which the priesthood of the region succeeded in a successful implementation of a socially important ecclesiological and cultural mission were analyzed. Influenced by the geopolitical conditions of the second half of the XIX century, the church became not only the educational establishment of the Ukrainian intellectuals but also, undoubtedly, a crusial element of the unity of the Ukrainian nation. The research framework covers a period that not only changed the socio-cultural situation of Lviv and Eastern Galicia, but also the social architectonics of the European civilization of those days.In August 1772 in St. Petersburg the sides of the coalition triad, which included the Russian empire, Catherine II, Prussian king Frederick II and the Habsburg monarch Cisar Joseph II, signed a treatise according to which the territory of Galicia was annexed to the multinational Austro-Hungarian Empire.Having encountered in the new sociopolitical realities, the hierarchy of the Greek Catholic Church tried to use the situation as fully as possible for the entire care of its representatives, interaction and contact with the society. By building structures of church organizations, the priesthood greatly contributed to the spread of education among the Ukrainian peasantry, the strengthening of the national consciousness of the masses and the formation of a sense of self-esteem among them. The priests were not only a spiritual sacred icon, but also to a large extent an important political elite of the Galician Ukrainians.Since the only leading group of the Russian population was the priesthood, the priests were forced to become the only educational brunch of the Galician society for a long time. Being in a difficult material condition and depending on the will of the Polish tycoons, the priesthood shared the burden of their social status with the peasants.As a result of state reforms, the priesthood got an opportunity to receive an education ("Barbareum" in Vienna, Lviv seminary, theological faculty of Lviv University) and engage in the more active educational activities among the people. While taking care of the economic development of the village, the priests also educate a new generation of conscious Ukrainians. The church was focusing on the social care of the unprotected layers of society and poor peasants. The church also took care of the orphanages and the houses of the elderly and sick. The actions of fighting with drunkenness and wastefulness of the peasants were of great importance.Realizing that aim of political and agricultural affairs does not entirely correspond to the mission of the pastor, the priests tried to educate the future leaders of the people, the future intelligentsia, to whom the leadership could be conveyed.During the era of Austrian domination the work of the priesthood in the social field and the ability to move away from a secular activity can serve as a model for the UGCC in the present day, when the priesthood again faces the problem of combining a pastoral care and an active civic position in its activity. ; У статті розглянуто соціокультурну та політико-адміністративну ситуацію у Галичині після приєднання до Австро-Угорської монархії. Проаналізовано аспекти соціальної діяльності духівництва греко-католицької церкви на просвітницькій, культурній, політичній ниві. Висвітлено специфіку умов та складність обставини, за яких ієрархія церкви знаходила можливість успішно реалізовувати душпастирську місію. Рамки дослідження охоплюють період другої половини XIX століття, за час якого відбулись значні соціополітичні зсуви не тільки у Східній Галичині, але й загальносуспільній архітектоніці тогочасного Європейського континенту.

This book explores tax and social policy and how they interact with each other. It covers key interactions, debates and challenges of tax and social policy and examines how analyses might be combined and policy options developed for effective delivery in both areas.

In the last few years, especially after the Brexit referendum and the 2016 U.S. elections, there has been a surge in academic interest for misinformation and disinformation. Social, cognitive, and political scientists' work on these phenomena has focused on two main aspects: - Individuals' (and by extension societies') vulnerability to misinformation; - Factors and interventions that can increase individuals' (and societies') resistance to misinformation. In this article, we offer a critical review of the psychological research pertaining to these two aspects. Drawing on this review, we highlight an emerging tension in the relevant literature. Indeed, the current state of the art of the political misinformation literature reflects the combined operation of two opposing psychological constructs: excess gullibility on the one hand and excess vigilance on the other. We argue that this conceptualization is important in both advancing theories of individuals' and societies' vulnerability to misinformation and in designing prospective research programs. We conclude with proposing what, in our view, are the most promising avenues for future research in the field.

With great potential benefit and possible harm, online social media platforms are transforming human society. Based on decades of deep exploration, distinguished scholar William Sims Bainbridge surveys our complex virtual society, harvesting insights about the future of our real world. Many pilot studies demonstrate valuable research methods and explanatory theories. Tracing membership interlocks between Facebook groups can chart the structure of a social movement, like the one devoted to future spaceflight development. Statistical data on the roles played by people in massively multiplayer online games illustrate the Silicon Law: information technology energizes both freedom and control, in a dynamic balance. The significance of open-source software suggests the traditional distinction between professional and amateur may fade, whereas web-based conflicts between religious and political groups imply that chasms are opening in civil society. This analysis of online space and the divergent communities is long overdue.

Notes on Vagueness and Mathematics -- Fuzzy Set Theory: Some Aspects of the Early Development -- Plausibility Measures – A General Framework for Possibility and Fuzzy Probability Measures -- Controlled-Error Theories of Proximity and Dominance -- Impartial Truth -- A Geometry of Logic -- Representations of Transitive Fuzzy Relations -- Fuzziness and Fuzzy Equality -- Large Societies and Individual Strategy Selection: A Case Study of Ambiguity -- The Alternative Set Theory and its Approach to Cantor's Set Theory -- Aspects of Vagueness and Some Epistemological Problems Related to their Formalization -- An Inquiry into Indistinguishability Operators -- A Theory of Commonsense Knowledge -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.

IntroductionAccording to the report "State of the World's Mothers 2014. Saving Mothers and Children in Humanitarian Crises" (was prepared by International Society «Save the Children») state Ukraine has 72 place (total – 178 states) in the world, depending on conditions of motherhood, such as rates of maternal health, educational, economic and political status of women and children). Preterm birth (PB) is a serious medical, economical and social problem. This pathology is quite common among women in low-income countries, but in countries with high level, for example in the United States, that is also a significant problem. According to the WHO newsletter (2016) the rate of PB is over 60% in Africa and South Asia [27, 28]. The global World Prematurity Network, which includes organizations from Europe, Africa,Australia,China, Latin America,Canada,United States, has the main task to improve care and quality of life of premature infants [25].Pharmaceutical aspects of pregnant women in the hospital and using ABC- VEN-analysis were studied. Some aspects of pharmacoeconomic analysis "cost-effectiveness" for treatment of threatened abortion was elaborated inUkraine[22].Research methodsThe aim of this article was to analyse the economical, social aspects of PB in the world andUkraine. Also we studied the real world data on prescribing of drugs for pregnant with threatened PB, and determine a financial cost for therapy, using ABC/ VEN - analysis and the effectiveness rates according to evidence data for progestogens for PB treatment. We used content-analysis for recommendations, ABC/VEN analysis for drug prescriptions, systematic review of data.Results and discussionImproving the quality of life and health of pregnant women and their rational pharmacotherapy are the main objectives of WHO. Ukraine occupies 72 place in terms of motherhood in the world.We have analyzed and compared the national and international reports, guidelines on requirements for treatment and prevention of preterm birth. We analyzed the real world data of the frequency of drug prescriptions using ABC / VEN analysis based on medical records about drug prescriptions for pregnant women, diagnosed according to ICD-10 - 047.0. We found that the most common in A group were drugs for 7 INN (14.58 % of total allocations) and the essential drugs was only sodium chloride, which indicated that not enough rational use of funds of patients.We studied the evidence data about progesterone for effective treatment of PB. Therefore, that is important to optimize pharmaceutical care for pregnant women and rational use of medicines for effective pharmacotherapy of PB according to current health technologies.Conclusions1.Preterm birth is a huge economical, medical and social problem in the world, especially in low in-come countries. It was established that current ukranian clinical protocols include the treatment and prevention of PB have a need for a good revision because the WHO, NICE published a new evidence-based recommendations for health technologies of PB in 2015. 2. We determined that treatment for PB threat appointed 75 trade names of drugs, including 46 for INN and 2 supplements. The average number of prescriptions for a pregnant woman shown polypharmacy. The cost of drug therapy is for one patient average 740 UAH. 3.Using ABC / VEN - analysis was showed that the group A included 7 drugs for the INN, the group B and C included 11 and 30 drugs, respectively.4.Progestines have a good evidence data, but it need to determine the less expensive scheme/drugs for the treatment and prevention of PB using pharmacoeconomic analysis results in Ukraine. ; Поліпшення якості життя, здоров'я вагітних жінок та лікування передчасних пологів є основними цілями директив ВООЗ. Україна займає 72 місце в рейтингу за рівнем забезпечення материнства в світі.Нами вивчені у порівняльному плані рекомендації ВООЗ, 2015 міжнародні рекомендації, накази МОЗ України щодо лікування передчасних пологів (ПП) та виявлено певні відмінності, що вимагає оновлення вітчизняних протоколів.Ми проаналізували реальні дані частоти призначень лікарських засобів при ПР з використанням АВС^Е^аналізу на основі 102 історій хвороб вагітних жінок з діагнозом відповідно до МКХ-10 - 047.0. Встановлено, що для лікування загрози ПП призначалися 75 торгових назв (46 МНН лікарських засобів та 2 БАД). Сумарно було 689 призначень ліків, що в середньому складає 6,75 препарата на одну вагітну жінку, що свідчить про поліпрагмазію. Виявлено, що в групі А найбільш часто призначаються препарати 7 МНН (14,58 % від загального обсягу) і основним лікарським засобом є натрію хлорид, що свідчить про недостатньо раціональне використання фінансових коштів пацієнтів.Встановлено, що сумарно витрати на призначені ЛЗ при ПР становили 75354,3 грн, а витрати на фармакотерапії 1 пацієнтки були в середньому 740,2 грн.Нами проаналізовані доказові дані про призначення прогестеронів для лікування ПР. Встановлено, що найбільш ефективним для лікування ПП за даними доказової фармації є прогестерон у лікарській формі для вагінального прийому для жінок з короткою шийкою матки, а дигістростерон - при застосуванні допоміжних репродуктивних технологійДоцільною є оптимізація фармацевтичної допомоги вагітним при ПР за даними доказової фармації та призначення економічно ефективної фармакотерапії для раціоналізації витрат пацієнтів.

IntroductionAccording to the report "State of the World's Mothers 2014. Saving Mothers and Children in Humanitarian Crises" (was prepared by International Society «Save the Children») state Ukraine has 72 place (total – 178 states) in the world, depending on conditions of motherhood, such as rates of maternal health, educational, economic and political status of women and children). Preterm birth (PB) is a serious medical, economical and social problem. This pathology is quite common among women in low-income countries, but in countries with high level, for example in the United States, that is also a significant problem. According to the WHO newsletter (2016) the rate of PB is over 60% in Africa and South Asia [27, 28]. The global World Prematurity Network, which includes organizations from Europe, Africa,Australia,China, Latin America,Canada,United States, has the main task to improve care and quality of life of premature infants [25].Pharmaceutical aspects of pregnant women in the hospital and using ABC- VEN-analysis were studied. Some aspects of pharmacoeconomic analysis "cost-effectiveness" for treatment of threatened abortion was elaborated inUkraine[22].Research methodsThe aim of this article was to analyse the economical, social aspects of PB in the world andUkraine. Also we studied the real world data on prescribing of drugs for pregnant with threatened PB, and determine a financial cost for therapy, using ABC/ VEN - analysis and the effectiveness rates according to evidence data for progestogens for PB treatment. We used content-analysis for recommendations, ABC/VEN analysis for drug prescriptions, systematic review of data.Results and discussionImproving the quality of life and health of pregnant women and their rational pharmacotherapy are the main objectives of WHO. Ukraine occupies 72 place in terms of motherhood in the world.We have analyzed and compared the national and international reports, guidelines on requirements for treatment and prevention of preterm birth. We analyzed the real world data of the frequency of drug prescriptions using ABC / VEN analysis based on medical records about drug prescriptions for pregnant women, diagnosed according to ICD-10 - 047.0. We found that the most common in A group were drugs for 7 INN (14.58 % of total allocations) and the essential drugs was only sodium chloride, which indicated that not enough rational use of funds of patients.We studied the evidence data about progesterone for effective treatment of PB. Therefore, that is important to optimize pharmaceutical care for pregnant women and rational use of medicines for effective pharmacotherapy of PB according to current health technologies.Conclusions1.Preterm birth is a huge economical, medical and social problem in the world, especially in low in-come countries. It was established that current ukranian clinical protocols include the treatment and prevention of PB have a need for a good revision because the WHO, NICE published a new evidence-based recommendations for health technologies of PB in 2015. 2. We determined that treatment for PB threat appointed 75 trade names of drugs, including 46 for INN and 2 supplements. The average number of prescriptions for a pregnant woman shown polypharmacy. The cost of drug therapy is for one patient average 740 UAH. 3.Using ABC / VEN - analysis was showed that the group A included 7 drugs for the INN, the group B and C included 11 and 30 drugs, respectively.4.Progestines have a good evidence data, but it need to determine the less expensive scheme/drugs for the treatment and prevention of PB using pharmacoeconomic analysis results in Ukraine. ; Поліпшення якості життя, здоров'я вагітних жінок та лікування передчасних пологів є основними цілями директив ВООЗ. Україна займає 72 місце в рейтингу за рівнем забезпечення материнства в світі.Нами вивчені у порівняльному плані рекомендації ВООЗ, 2015 міжнародні рекомендації, накази МОЗ України щодо лікування передчасних пологів (ПП) та виявлено певні відмінності, що вимагає оновлення вітчизняних протоколів.Ми проаналізували реальні дані частоти призначень лікарських засобів при ПР з використанням АВС^Е^аналізу на основі 102 історій хвороб вагітних жінок з діагнозом відповідно до МКХ-10 - 047.0. Встановлено, що для лікування загрози ПП призначалися 75 торгових назв (46 МНН лікарських засобів та 2 БАД). Сумарно було 689 призначень ліків, що в середньому складає 6,75 препарата на одну вагітну жінку, що свідчить про поліпрагмазію. Виявлено, що в групі А найбільш часто призначаються препарати 7 МНН (14,58 % від загального обсягу) і основним лікарським засобом є натрію хлорид, що свідчить про недостатньо раціональне використання фінансових коштів пацієнтів.Встановлено, що сумарно витрати на призначені ЛЗ при ПР становили 75354,3 грн, а витрати на фармакотерапії 1 пацієнтки були в середньому 740,2 грн.Нами проаналізовані доказові дані про призначення прогестеронів для лікування ПР. Встановлено, що найбільш ефективним для лікування ПП за даними доказової фармації є прогестерон у лікарській формі для вагінального прийому для жінок з короткою шийкою матки, а дигістростерон - при застосуванні допоміжних репродуктивних технологійДоцільною є оптимізація фармацевтичної допомоги вагітним при ПР за даними доказової фармації та призначення економічно ефективної фармакотерапії для раціоналізації витрат пацієнтів.