Suchergebnisse

Public diplomacy is one of the key foreign policy instruments of the European Union for strengthening its international stance. In that regard, Brussels pays special attention to ensuring trust-based relations with the United States, which traditionally acts as the EU's leading trade and military partner. The apparent cooling in transatlantic relations provoked by harmful rhetoric and practices of D. Trump administration forced the EU to focus on non-traditional channels of interacting with the American audience. In this context, the analysis of the EU's attempts to adapt its public diplomacy programmes in the United States to the new realities is of particular interest. The first section outlines the political, economic, administrative, and image risks faced by EU diplomats in this area during the presidency of D. Trump (2017−2020). The second section examines the main thematic priorities, mechanisms and projects of the EU public diplomacy aimed at the American audience. The author argues that during the period under review the EU placed special emphasis on advocacy, cultural diplomacy, and exchange programmes for young people. The author concludes that, although European diplomats failed to achieve a qualitative improvement in transatlantic relations during D. Trump's tenure, the EU public diplomacy demonstrated resilience and flexibility in the face of adverse circumstances. Indeed, the EU diplomats proved their creativity in developing innovative programmes which can be instrumental for future development of the EU public diplomacy in general.

The article refers to the impact of the proximity of the presidential and parliamentary elections on the political composition of the chambers of the French parliament, as well as on their functioning in the framework of rationalized parliamentarianism. The 2017 elections were, due to the victory of Emmanuel Macron as a candidate from outside the two main political camps, a special test for the so-called majoritarian fact, which may be defied as an opposite of cohabitation. The author points to the maintenance, even after the 2017 elections, of the Fifth Republic's institutional logic based on presidential dominance. Its part is also the fact that the Senate – the French second chamber – does not have to be included into the majoritarian fact. this may result in the occurrence, despite the aforementioned strong position of the president's camp, of incongruent bicameralism. Such a configuration may be treated as an indicator of a partial presidentialization of France's bicameral parliament. Hence, the author argues that both partial senatorial elections of 2017 and 2020 strengthened a weaker version of majoritarian fact applied within the French semi-presidential system of government. All this has an impact on the use of selected parliamentary procedures concerning the course of legislative proceedings (such as mixed parity commissions and the last word given to the National Assembly), which have been inscribed into the framework of the Fifth Republic's rationalized parliamentarism.

The article analyzes the change in the education system under the influence of global processes. The author analyzes the evolution of scientific approaches to the formation and development of the global system of school and higher education, taking into account technological, economic and social changes dictated by the consequences of 4 industrial revolutions and 5 promising technological. The article describes the most common problems of modern mass education and possible scenarios for their elimination from the point of view of socio-political changes in society. In this regard, the author's goal was to identify changes in the educational process in the context of global processes. As a conclusion, the author gives a forecast of the formation of a modern system in the field of education, believing that technological development together with globalization processes will give people the missing element for the future synergy of scientific and theological knowledge. At the same time, understanding the historical retrospective of the formation of basic humanitarian values, striving for progress, overcoming the captivity of basic needs and combining rational and spiritual knowledge will create the basis for building the education system of the future. A change in the policy aimed at the educational process is necessary. If education cannot respond to all the challenges and problems of modern society, then the number of people left unclaimed in the new economic and political conditions will only grow.

The article analyses future pedagogues' universal competences that can be developed at foreign language classes at pedagogic university. As a result of the abovementioned universal competences components analysis the conclusion that foreign language podcasts can be a means of their development, is made. Having studied Russian and foreign methodology researches, the author gives the definitions to the term "podcast", she indicates the websites where a foreign language teacher can find podcasts for its classes; she describes various types of podcasts that can be employed to develop students' language and speech skills which are the elements of universal competences expected to be developed at foreign language classes. The stages of working with podcasts that were tested in the process of experimental teaching the students of three pedagogic university faculties were characterised in the article. At English classes, students first listened to authentic and educational podcasts, offered by the teacher, with subsequent creation of their own podcasts, their demonstration and assessing each other's results using the criteria devised by the teacher. The author provides examples of podcasts that can be offered to students while discussing various topics. At the end of the article the questionnaire results of students participating in listening and creating podcasts are given, the conclusion about the advantages of podcasts as a means of teaching a foreign language is made.

The purpose of this article is to analyse the features of the development of the emotional component of the professional identity of practical psychologists in the education system. The author briefly considers approaches to the content of the phenomenon of professional identity, its components (cognitive, emotional and behavioral). An analysis of the results of an experimental study of the features of the development of the emotional component of professional identity in psychologists who are at different stages of their professional development, students and practicing psychologists in the education system, was carried out (graduate students of the Pedagogic University studying in the direction of Psychology, and practical psychologists of schools and preschool educational institutions with professional experience from 1 to 15 years and more). The obtained results indicate that if the majority of graduates have a neutral attitude towards the profession and everything connected with it, which also determines the average degree of activity within the framework of professional activity (this, in turn, can be determined by the specifics of the stage of becoming a specialist); thus, the higher the work experience of a psychologist is, the more positive is its attitude towards the profession and the higher its professional activity. Those in the course of the study, the author revealed the specific features of the relationship between the emotional attitude to the profession and the degree of activity in the professional field of activity, depending on the subject's professional genesis stage.

This article reconsiders contemporary urban security governance. Conceptually, it revisits Foucault's governmentality lectures to comprehend how security governance is carried out in places where the use of digital security technologies co-exists with overly lethal and repressive forms of policing. The author advances his analysis by conceptualizing a triangle of security governance in which disciplinary powers of control, apparatuses of security and sovereign/necropower are at work simultaneously, complemented by a fourth dimension that takes into account what Foucault outlined in the lectures as the 'government of things', which is the sociotechnical relationship between the agency of humans and machines. Empirically, the article explores the technopolitical turn in urban security policies in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the wake of the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympics. Using discourses that are embedded in globalized mega-event security standards and legacy claims, authorities in Rio promoted a narrative of new material and non-material security measures that were intended both to secure the World Cup and the Olympics and to help overcome permanently entrenched urban conflicts in the city. By critically analysing these two approaches of new material and non-material security measures, the author shows how new security technologies are perfectly integrated into a continuum of death politics in Rio de Janeiro in ways that are conceptually best appreciated by considering how the triangle of security governance works in the digital era.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore through the author's personal experience the impact rebuilding the author's well-being had on the author's identity and efficacy as a teacher. This describes the author's experiences after the death of the author's father and the effect of the author's emotional state on the author's personal and professional identity. It also explores how the author developed sustainable habits to cope with daily challenges.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts an auto-ethnographic approach utilizing journal entries and reflections collected over the years as part of the healing process. These will provide a descriptive view of the author's emotional state in the years after the author's father's death. The author employed this method to explore the author's personal experiences and provide a better understanding of the connections between the reconstruction of the professional identity and the importance of well-being and mental health in light of a significant or transformative event.FindingsThe paper provides insights about the significance of a positive mind-set on the efficacy and performance of teachers. This suggests that there is a connection between the impact of improving the author's well-being on a personal and professional level.Originality/valueThere is little research on how self-efficacy or coping strategies could have an impact on teachers. The paper offers a unique insight into teachers' emotional and academic identities.

Putin?s war in Ukraine might result in a shift from the worn-out refrain of
?Europeanization? towards a more realist approach to EU enlargement and its
geostrategic stakes. Russia has turned into a significant threat due to its
weakness rather than its power. The author considers the ?power of weakness?
a crucial concept in the ongoing aggression and its geostrategic
consequences. Paradoxically, weakness might be an actual source of power in
these uncertain times of global transformation. is that an opportunity for
the Western Balkans (WB)? Analyzing the troublesome Western Balkans? EU
integration based on their economic, demographic, and other (limited)
features while relying on the decolonization approach, the author finds that
their integration constitutes an emergency precisely due to their weak
points. Russia and China seek for weakening states across the globe, minor
players where anti-Western feelings are easy to instrumentalize. The WB
candidates deserve to be better integrated into the list of European
priorities. A lack of EU strategy in the WB might indicate the absence of
sound perspectives for the Union?s broader international role. The paper
explores Bertrand Badie?s decolonization approach, applying it to the
Western Balkans, Hungary?s practice regarding the ?power of the weak?, and
Turkey, aiming to illustrate that weakness should not be perceived solely as
the opposite of power, but as a suspicious international element since the
Cold War onwards.

In this text author used an analytical-synthetic method to present directions for proving the source of Serbian identity on the territory of Kosovo and Metohija or "Old Serbia", as was the name of this territory in the past. The author presented various sources to prove the antiquity of the Serbian Patriarchy of Pec and the formation of the territory of Kosovo and Metohija as a medieval center of statehood and spirituality of Serbian people. This medieval state with its own church jurisdiction, laws, moral values, economic achievements, national customs and manners, and other achievements continued and upgraded the previous church jurisdiction and cultural tradition of Prima Iustiniana. In the text, there is also underlined the significance of the territory of Kosovo and Metohija for Serbian identity in the historical and geopolitical context of genealogical, political, and cultural liaisons of members of the medieval Serbian Nemanjic dynasty with the members of the medieval Greek, Bulgarian, and Russian dynasties. For the purpose of argumentation of significant determinants of the territory of Kosovo and Metohija for Serbian identity, there are used various Serbian and world-historical sources such as the results of archeological research, Serbian medieval state documents, artifacts, heraldic and folk legends and beliefs in the context of historical processes which have shaped the Serbian identity and promoted the territory of Kosovo and Metohija as the cradle of Serbian identity throughout history.

The article provides an overview of the primary author's ideas and publications on forming the concept of "cognitive culture". It appears as the author's concept with some components of logically interrelated issues of understanding the sub­ject of cognition, types, genera, and types of cognitive culture, and its relation­ship with the problem of truth. Pointing to his numerous publications, the author argues that refining subjective metrics in modern science and culture is difficult both by the complexity of isolating individual consciousness from the collective one and by the existentialization of subjective operations in which human inter­est is maximized. The author's work traces the dynamics of the subject in its epistemological and epistemological sections from "elimination of the subject" to "death of the subject". According to the author of the article, classification into rational and irrational types of cognitive culture is productive in clarifying the connection between truth and knowledge, substantiating the idea of inquiring and extra-knowing existence of truth, which is essential for defining truth. Iden­tifying the complex influence of subjective levels, operational mechanisms, and their creative products on concrete-historical interpretations of truth allows us to establish the correspondence of a particular kind of cognitive culture to the gen­eral concepts of truth. As a result, the philosophical and conceptual understand­ing of truth is quite correctly admissible by the methodology of the polylogue of cognitive cultures.

Anton Zimmerling's interpretation of the discursive particle TI1 is an important achievement. The article considers possibilities used by Zimmerling to interpret TI1 as a dis­cursive particle, enclitic, part of speech and semantic sign. In addition, the article discusses its interpretation as a pragmatic marker. The author comments on the interpretations of semiot­ics by Zimmerling, in particular, the question of primary and secondary semiotic systems. The author presents his own concept of semiotics as a research programme in Imre Lakatos' sense. Semiotics is also a kind of cognitive ability common to many forms of life and at the same time a system of epistemological and methodological possibilities for carrying out scien­tific research on meaning-making or semiosis built on this ability. Moreover, semiotics is not only a research programme, but a transdisciplinary integrative organon. Such universal com­plexes for integrating the capabilities of scientific knowledge are based on three basic cognitive abilities — (1) to perceive signals, to rank and to process them; (2) to recognize patterns (sig­nal configurations) and shape them into more complex formations; (3) assessing and utilizing the meaning (initially functional significance, relevance) of the forms and modes of actuality. The latter ability is precisely the basis of semiotics and semiosis. The first two are metretics or organon for computational mathematics and statistics, as well as morphetics or organon for a wide variety of morphologies, comparative studies, discrete mathematics, topology, etc.

The article traces the connection between the formation of philosophical anthro­pology as an independent field of knowledge in the 20th century and the synthe­sis of human sciences in the space of interdisciplinarity. The philosophical an­thropology in the USSR is considered at different stages of development from 1920s to 1980s. In the 1920s, the Institute of Scientific Philosophy, headed by G.G. Shpet (1921–1923), supported interdisciplinary projects for the study of human consciousness, the methodology of history, psychology and pedagogy, etc. It's a person as an acting and understanding subject who became the center of research. For a long time, the philosophical problems of human being did not have their own area of institutionalization at the Institute of Philosophy and were included in other areas of philosophical knowledge: the theory of knowledge, aesthetics, ethics, the history of philosophy, sociocultural research, etc., while being under the pressure of Soviet ideology. The author considers the projects of 1960s and 1970s combined the activity concept of consciousness with psy­chological and pedagogical practices, the idea of a "unified science of man" for­mulated in the 70s. Since the mid 1970s–1980s study of the concepts of Western philosophical anthropology of the 20th century also contributed to the expansion of research problems. The author comes to the conclusion that by the beginning of the 1990s at the Institute of Philosophy the need for substantive independence of human philosophy as a scientific direction in the context of interdisciplinarity was realized.

Why do some post-communist countries become democratic, while others do not? What cross-border determinants are necessary for the establishment of a democratic regime in this region? Most researchers believe that the establishment of democracy is due to socio-economic factors, political culture, or political changes occur simply by chance. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of international factors. The purpose of the article is to identify the main international factors that contribute to the democratization and consolidation of democracy in post-Soviet states. The author examines the influence of the theory of territorial peace, the international democratic environment, membership in a regional democratic intergovernmental organization, a regional autocratic power, as well as foreign economic activity. To find the answer to the research question, this paper uses fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). As a result of the conducted research, four conditions necessary for the establishment and/or strengthening of democracy were identified. It is shown that the absence of both a militarized interstate dispute and the state's membership in Eurasian intergovernmental organizations has a positive effect on the consolidation of the democratic regime. The author argues that the presence in Western political and economic integration structures and the predominance of the European direction in foreign trade are also important conditions. The transition to democracy and its strengthening in post-communist countries is exogenously conditioned, the regional and/or international context is important.

The article deals with an under-researched problem of the history of the supply of the Russian army during the First World War — the organization of clothing supply. The author adopts a micro-historical approach, focusing his interest on the Shuiskii district of the Vladimir province. On the basis of the analyzed archival documents, the author comes to the conclusion that during the first year of the war, supplies were provided without the creation of special organizations. The situation changed in the summer of 1915. In July — August 1915, a network of army supply committees was created in the Vladimir province. This was the result of an attempt by the state and public organizations to build a single vertical of supply. After that, a range of items supplied to the army from the Shuiskii district expanded significantly — in addition to short fur coats, it includes sledges, carts, bushings, wheels, shell boxes. However, in the real process of fulfilling these orders the administrative and technological chain for the procurement of complex items of equipment was constantly faltering. This led to the refusal to work on complex orders — from the summer of 1916, the Shuiskii Committee switched exclusively to the delivery of cloth for foot wraps and woolen gloves to the army. In general, a detailed analysis of the work of the Shuiskii Supply Committee reveals the main reasons for the inconsistency in the work of zemstvos for supplying the army in 1914–1917.

A retrospective analysis of the formation of norms on state crimes is inseparable from the history of Russia's development and allows us to determine their place in the system of a special part of criminal legislation of various historical periods. In the article, the author puts up for discussion one of the important debatable issues of legal science and practice – what is primary, the state (as a social institution) or a person and, as a result of possible answers to this question, analyzes the legal mechanisms of state protection of human rights and freedoms. Using the example of a comparative legal study of the composition of state crimes in the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1960 and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 1996, as well as scientific discussions on this topic, the author formulates the conclusion that the analysis of the tasks facing the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1922, 1926, 1960, indicates the focus of codified acts on the protection of existing public relationships. In Article 2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 1996, for the first time, in addition to protection, the task of preventing crimes is fixed. Its implementation, in turn, predetermined the appearance in a Special part of the Criminal Code, including in Chapter 29, of incentive norms on the release of persons who have committed specific crimes from criminal liability in the presence of appropriate positive behavior.