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International audience ; French labour laws' reforms in the last years can be understood in the continuity of the policy of work which has been pursued since the middle 80's. Thus, this paper deals with the turn of labour law from a protective law of salaries into a law targeted at corporations, what can be seen as a "symbolic revolution". Such a change occurred as well in the political field (in the mind of politicians and administrators of policies of work) as in the academic field. To sketch it, the paper points the reforms implemented since the last three decades. Then it analyses the way labour law is now taught in law schools, and how it has become a part of human resources' teaching. It finally stresses how some places (commissions, ministers' offices, conferences…) become spaces where such a new sense of labour law has been built and maintained, through the meeting of stakeholders of both fields. ; Les réformes du droit du travail en France dans les années 2016-2017 (loi El Khomri et ordonnances Macron) peuvent être vues comme l'acmé des politiques du travail menées depuis le milieu des années 1980. L'article revient sur cette véritable « révolution symbolique » que constitue le renversement du droit du travail d'un droit protecteur des salariés à un droit tourné vers l'entreprise. C'est le sens même du droit et sa signification qui ont donc changé, à la fois dans le monde du « social », entendu comme les acteurs politiques et administratifs des politiques du travail, et dans le champ académique, du côté des facultés de droit. Pour ce faire, l'article dresse d'abord un panorama des réformes mises en œuvre dans les trois dernières décennies et du discours qui les accompagne. Il analyse ensuite ses transformations analogues dans les facultés de droit et l'enseignement et de la recherche en droit du travail. Il revient enfin sur différents « lieux communs » où se croisent les différents acteurs de deux espaces sociaux, réunis autour de ce « tournant entrepreneurial » du droit du travail.

International audience ; French labour laws' reforms in the last years can be understood in the continuity of the policy of work which has been pursued since the middle 80's. Thus, this paper deals with the turn of labour law from a protective law of salaries into a law targeted at corporations, what can be seen as a "symbolic revolution". Such a change occurred as well in the political field (in the mind of politicians and administrators of policies of work) as in the academic field. To sketch it, the paper points the reforms implemented since the last three decades. Then it analyses the way labour law is now taught in law schools, and how it has become a part of human resources' teaching. It finally stresses how some places (commissions, ministers' offices, conferences…) become spaces where such a new sense of labour law has been built and maintained, through the meeting of stakeholders of both fields. ; Les réformes du droit du travail en France dans les années 2016-2017 (loi El Khomri et ordonnances Macron) peuvent être vues comme l'acmé des politiques du travail menées depuis le milieu des années 1980. L'article revient sur cette véritable « révolution symbolique » que constitue le renversement du droit du travail d'un droit protecteur des salariés à un droit tourné vers l'entreprise. C'est le sens même du droit et sa signification qui ont donc changé, à la fois dans le monde du « social », entendu comme les acteurs politiques et administratifs des politiques du travail, et dans le champ académique, du côté des facultés de droit. Pour ce faire, l'article dresse d'abord un panorama des réformes mises en œuvre dans les trois dernières décennies et du discours qui les accompagne. Il analyse ensuite ses transformations analogues dans les facultés de droit et l'enseignement et de la recherche en droit du travail. Il revient enfin sur différents « lieux communs » où se croisent les différents acteurs de deux espaces sociaux, réunis autour de ce « tournant entrepreneurial » du droit du travail.

Does land use zoning policy increases land prices by reducing developable land supply ? To answer this question, we propose an evaluation of the relationship between land supply and land prices in a French region. We propose a geomatic method to measure real developable land supply based on new generation of spatial land use micro-data (digitalized cadastral map, land and owner characteristics, land use zoning policies). To estimate the price effects of land supply, we use two alternative econometric evaluation methods: spatial hedonic model and quasi-natural experiments. We show that with both methodologies the estimated relationship is positive. Municipalities with higher corrected developable land supply exhibit higher land prices. The disequilibrium between supply and demand for developable land is so high in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur that municipalities who increase the supply of land through new developable zones (without coordination with neighboring municipalities) face an increase of land prices. ; La politique d'urbanisme fait-elle croître les prix fonciers par raréfaction de l'offre de foncier constructible ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous proposons une évaluation des relations entre l'offre foncière et les prix fonciers sur 358 communes d'une région française. Nous proposons une méthode géomatique de mesure de l'Offre Foncière Nette qui s'appuie sur la nouvelle génération de données spatiales issues du cadastre, de la propriété foncière et des zonages d'urbanisme. Pour estimer les effets prix de l'offre foncière, nous utilisons deux méthodes d'évaluation économétrique alternatives: une approche hédonique à partir de modèles économétriques spatiaux et une approche causale à partir d'expériences quasi-naturelles. Nous montrons que dans les deux cas la relation est positive, c'est-à-dire que ce sont les communes avec les offres foncières les plus importantes, ou ayant le plus cru, qui voient les prix fonciers augmenter. Les résultats conduisent à montrer que le déséquilibre offre/demande en ...

The aim of this study is to find out whether the Swedish primary education system reflects an effort to integrate the Roma into Swedish society from a human rights perspective. This study compares the situation in law, as stated in the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, the Law on National Minorities and National Minority Languages (a Swedish national legislation), and the Swedish national policy on integration and multiculturalism, with the situation of education of the Roma in the city of Gothenburg. This study investigates two things. The first, is whether municipal officials, school principals and teachers, consider education as a medium of integration of minority communities into mainstream society. And the second is whether these officials, principals and teachers look at the education of the Roma from a human rights perspective. The scholarly work on the topics of integration of minorities, multiculturalism, segregation, and the role of education and the native language in the process of integration, forms the theoretical background of this study. The data used in this study has been collected in two ways, through documents and interviews. Interviews have been conducted with municipal officials, school principals and teachers. The methodology used to analyse the data is qualitative thematic analysis. This study shows that in law, there can be seen a clear effort to integrate the Roma into Swedish society from a human rights perspective. However, the ground reality does not in all cases live up to this legal standard, and there are a variety of reasons why the situation is thus. Effectively, the result is that a law having a lot of potential is practically rendered of little use, thereby creating a great discrepancy between human rights in law and human rights in practice.

International audience ; Business environment in which a port carries out its operation is increasingly reflected by intra- and inter-port competition on regional and global scales, resulting in port concentration and deconcentration. While a number of recent studies interpret those phenomena as impacts from global forces such as containerisation, little has been done about local forces such as the evolving relationships between urban policy and port growth. This paper proposes to compare how the two global hub port cities of Hong Kong and Singapore have sustained their port activities while transforming into major economic centres. Entropy indexes are calculated by district, based on service industries related to port activities between 1993 and 2004. Results show the spatial shifts of port-related activities stemming from simultaneous factors, such as port competition which affects the international position of Hong Kong and Singapore, and lack of space and congestion at the port-city interface. However, one main differentiating factor in the evolution of the two hub port cities is the varying impact of regional cross-border relations with mainland China and Malaysia. ; L'environnement économique dans lequel un port exerce son activité se caractérise par une concurrence à la fois intra et inter-portuaire aux échelles régionale et mondiale, se traduisant par un double phénomène de concentration et déconcentration du trafic. L'angle global de la conteneurisation se conjugue avec celui local des relations changeantes entre politique urbaine et croissance portuaire. Cet article compare comment deux villes globales et hub portuaires, Hong Kong et Singapour, ont pu maintenir leur activité portuaire tout en se transformant en centres économiques majeurs. Des indices d'entropie sont calculés par district à partir de la localisation du tertiaire portuaire entre 1993 et 2004. Les résultats montrent le glissement spatial des activités liées au port de par la concurrence portuaire et la congestion interne à l'interface ...

International audience ; Business environment in which a port carries out its operation is increasingly reflected by intra- and inter-port competition on regional and global scales, resulting in port concentration and deconcentration. While a number of recent studies interpret those phenomena as impacts from global forces such as containerisation, little has been done about local forces such as the evolving relationships between urban policy and port growth. This paper proposes to compare how the two global hub port cities of Hong Kong and Singapore have sustained their port activities while transforming into major economic centres. Entropy indexes are calculated by district, based on service industries related to port activities between 1993 and 2004. Results show the spatial shifts of port-related activities stemming from simultaneous factors, such as port competition which affects the international position of Hong Kong and Singapore, and lack of space and congestion at the port-city interface. However, one main differentiating factor in the evolution of the two hub port cities is the varying impact of regional cross-border relations with mainland China and Malaysia. ; L'environnement économique dans lequel un port exerce son activité se caractérise par une concurrence à la fois intra et inter-portuaire aux échelles régionale et mondiale, se traduisant par un double phénomène de concentration et déconcentration du trafic. L'angle global de la conteneurisation se conjugue avec celui local des relations changeantes entre politique urbaine et croissance portuaire. Cet article compare comment deux villes globales et hub portuaires, Hong Kong et Singapour, ont pu maintenir leur activité portuaire tout en se transformant en centres économiques majeurs. Des indices d'entropie sont calculés par district à partir de la localisation du tertiaire portuaire entre 1993 et 2004. Les résultats montrent le glissement spatial des activités liées au port de par la concurrence portuaire et la congestion interne à l'interface ...

International audience ; Business environment in which a port carries out its operation is increasingly reflected by intra- and inter-port competition on regional and global scales, resulting in port concentration and deconcentration. While a number of recent studies interpret those phenomena as impacts from global forces such as containerisation, little has been done about local forces such as the evolving relationships between urban policy and port growth. This paper proposes to compare how the two global hub port cities of Hong Kong and Singapore have sustained their port activities while transforming into major economic centres. Entropy indexes are calculated by district, based on service industries related to port activities between 1993 and 2004. Results show the spatial shifts of port-related activities stemming from simultaneous factors, such as port competition which affects the international position of Hong Kong and Singapore, and lack of space and congestion at the port-city interface. However, one main differentiating factor in the evolution of the two hub port cities is the varying impact of regional cross-border relations with mainland China and Malaysia. ; L'environnement économique dans lequel un port exerce son activité se caractérise par une concurrence à la fois intra et inter-portuaire aux échelles régionale et mondiale, se traduisant par un double phénomène de concentration et déconcentration du trafic. L'angle global de la conteneurisation se conjugue avec celui local des relations changeantes entre politique urbaine et croissance portuaire. Cet article compare comment deux villes globales et hub portuaires, Hong Kong et Singapour, ont pu maintenir leur activité portuaire tout en se transformant en centres économiques majeurs. Des indices d'entropie sont calculés par district à partir de la localisation du tertiaire portuaire entre 1993 et 2004. Les résultats montrent le glissement spatial des activités liées au port de par la concurrence portuaire et la congestion interne à l'interface ...

International audience ; Business environment in which a port carries out its operation is increasingly reflected by intra- and inter-port competition on regional and global scales, resulting in port concentration and deconcentration. While a number of recent studies interpret those phenomena as impacts from global forces such as containerisation, little has been done about local forces such as the evolving relationships between urban policy and port growth. This paper proposes to compare how the two global hub port cities of Hong Kong and Singapore have sustained their port activities while transforming into major economic centres. Entropy indexes are calculated by district, based on service industries related to port activities between 1993 and 2004. Results show the spatial shifts of port-related activities stemming from simultaneous factors, such as port competition which affects the international position of Hong Kong and Singapore, and lack of space and congestion at the port-city interface. However, one main differentiating factor in the evolution of the two hub port cities is the varying impact of regional cross-border relations with mainland China and Malaysia. ; L'environnement économique dans lequel un port exerce son activité se caractérise par une concurrence à la fois intra et inter-portuaire aux échelles régionale et mondiale, se traduisant par un double phénomène de concentration et déconcentration du trafic. L'angle global de la conteneurisation se conjugue avec celui local des relations changeantes entre politique urbaine et croissance portuaire. Cet article compare comment deux villes globales et hub portuaires, Hong Kong et Singapour, ont pu maintenir leur activité portuaire tout en se transformant en centres économiques majeurs. Des indices d'entropie sont calculés par district à partir de la localisation du tertiaire portuaire entre 1993 et 2004. Les résultats montrent le glissement spatial des activités liées au port de par la concurrence portuaire et la congestion interne à l'interface ...

International audience ; Business environment in which a port carries out its operation is increasingly reflected by intra- and inter-port competition on regional and global scales, resulting in port concentration and deconcentration. While a number of recent studies interpret those phenomena as impacts from global forces such as containerisation, little has been done about local forces such as the evolving relationships between urban policy and port growth. This paper proposes to compare how the two global hub port cities of Hong Kong and Singapore have sustained their port activities while transforming into major economic centres. Entropy indexes are calculated by district, based on service industries related to port activities between 1993 and 2004. Results show the spatial shifts of port-related activities stemming from simultaneous factors, such as port competition which affects the international position of Hong Kong and Singapore, and lack of space and congestion at the port-city interface. However, one main differentiating factor in the evolution of the two hub port cities is the varying impact of regional cross-border relations with mainland China and Malaysia. ; L'environnement économique dans lequel un port exerce son activité se caractérise par une concurrence à la fois intra et inter-portuaire aux échelles régionale et mondiale, se traduisant par un double phénomène de concentration et déconcentration du trafic. L'angle global de la conteneurisation se conjugue avec celui local des relations changeantes entre politique urbaine et croissance portuaire. Cet article compare comment deux villes globales et hub portuaires, Hong Kong et Singapour, ont pu maintenir leur activité portuaire tout en se transformant en centres économiques majeurs. Des indices d'entropie sont calculés par district à partir de la localisation du tertiaire portuaire entre 1993 et 2004. Les résultats montrent le glissement spatial des activités liées au port de par la concurrence portuaire et la congestion interne à l'interface ...

International audience ; Business environment in which a port carries out its operation is increasingly reflected by intra- and inter-port competition on regional and global scales, resulting in port concentration and deconcentration. While a number of recent studies interpret those phenomena as impacts from global forces such as containerisation, little has been done about local forces such as the evolving relationships between urban policy and port growth. This paper proposes to compare how the two global hub port cities of Hong Kong and Singapore have sustained their port activities while transforming into major economic centres. Entropy indexes are calculated by district, based on service industries related to port activities between 1993 and 2004. Results show the spatial shifts of port-related activities stemming from simultaneous factors, such as port competition which affects the international position of Hong Kong and Singapore, and lack of space and congestion at the port-city interface. However, one main differentiating factor in the evolution of the two hub port cities is the varying impact of regional cross-border relations with mainland China and Malaysia. ; L'environnement économique dans lequel un port exerce son activité se caractérise par une concurrence à la fois intra et inter-portuaire aux échelles régionale et mondiale, se traduisant par un double phénomène de concentration et déconcentration du trafic. L'angle global de la conteneurisation se conjugue avec celui local des relations changeantes entre politique urbaine et croissance portuaire. Cet article compare comment deux villes globales et hub portuaires, Hong Kong et Singapour, ont pu maintenir leur activité portuaire tout en se transformant en centres économiques majeurs. Des indices d'entropie sont calculés par district à partir de la localisation du tertiaire portuaire entre 1993 et 2004. Les résultats montrent le glissement spatial des activités liées au port de par la concurrence portuaire et la congestion interne à l'interface ...

PLIE : Plans Locaux pour l'Insertion et l'Emploi ; Globalization has challenged the legitimacy of the welfare state, overtuning patterns of growth and social cohesion that from them. While minorant the role of government, globalization has driven the emergence of new actors by a double movement of decentralization and internationalization/concentration of firms. The State is squeezed in between these scales. This internationalization precipitated the emergence of new forms of insecurity and exclusion, consequences of the growing competition territories. This article tries to assess the devices implemented by the territories to fight against exclusion. The Local Plan for Integration and Employment (PLIE) combines social support and economic activities in favor of the public in trouble. Forging new forms of solidarity at work and build bridges between the situations supported by public Policy and regular employment of the normal economy are the main objectives. The assumption is that local development is not so much rooted in a deterministic vision staffing of production factors, it is more the result of a successful networking between public and private holders of relevant and mobilizing projects that are leaned on appropriate institutions. ; La mondialisation a remis en cause les légitimités de l'État providence, en bouleversant les modèles de croissance et de cohésion sociale qui en sont issus. Tout en minorant le rôle de l'État, la mondialisation a impulsé l'émergence de nouveaux acteurs par un double mouvement de décentralisation et d'internationalisation et de concentration croissante des entreprises. L'État se retrouve en tenaille entre ces échelles. Cette internationalisation a précipité l'émergence de nouvelles formes de précarités et d'exclusions, conséquences de la compétition croissante des territoires. Cet article tente d'évaluer les dispositifs mis en œuvre par les territoires pour lutter contre les exclusions. Le Plan local pour l'insertion et l'emploi (PLIE) associe accompagnement social et ...

PLIE : Plans Locaux pour l'Insertion et l'Emploi ; Globalization has challenged the legitimacy of the welfare state, overtuning patterns of growth and social cohesion that from them. While minorant the role of government, globalization has driven the emergence of new actors by a double movement of decentralization and internationalization/concentration of firms. The State is squeezed in between these scales. This internationalization precipitated the emergence of new forms of insecurity and exclusion, consequences of the growing competition territories. This article tries to assess the devices implemented by the territories to fight against exclusion. The Local Plan for Integration and Employment (PLIE) combines social support and economic activities in favor of the public in trouble. Forging new forms of solidarity at work and build bridges between the situations supported by public Policy and regular employment of the normal economy are the main objectives. The assumption is that local development is not so much rooted in a deterministic vision staffing of production factors, it is more the result of a successful networking between public and private holders of relevant and mobilizing projects that are leaned on appropriate institutions. ; La mondialisation a remis en cause les légitimités de l'État providence, en bouleversant les modèles de croissance et de cohésion sociale qui en sont issus. Tout en minorant le rôle de l'État, la mondialisation a impulsé l'émergence de nouveaux acteurs par un double mouvement de décentralisation et d'internationalisation et de concentration croissante des entreprises. L'État se retrouve en tenaille entre ces échelles. Cette internationalisation a précipité l'émergence de nouvelles formes de précarités et d'exclusions, conséquences de la compétition croissante des territoires. Cet article tente d'évaluer les dispositifs mis en œuvre par les territoires pour lutter contre les exclusions. Le Plan local pour l'insertion et l'emploi (PLIE) associe accompagnement social et ...

The literature dealing with the international dimensions of authoritarianism suggests that regional hegemons may exploit linkage and leverage to counter democracy and diffuse authoritarian ideas and practices. However, there is a need for more research on whether authoritarian diffusion is actually happening, including the circumstances under which linkage and leverage are translated (or not) into policy convergence. This article addresses these shortcomings by examining the high-value case of Armenia – a country with growing levels of dependence on Russia following its rejection of the EU's Association Agreement in 2013 and accession to the Russian-led Eurasian Economic Union in 2015. Drawing on a combination of original elite and expert interviews this article argues that although there is evidence of Russian authoritarian diffusion, there is limited evidence of policy convergence. Instead, material incentives and concerns over legitimacy continue to privilege democratic norms and make the costs of Russian-style restrictive legislation prohibitive for incumbents.

"The trend that began with ATMs and do-it-yourself checkouts is moving at lightning speed. Everything from driving to teaching to the care of the elderly and, indeed, code-writing can now be done by smart machines. Conventional wisdom says there will be new jobs to replace those we lose ? but is it so simple? And are we ready? Technology writer and think tank director Nigel Cameron argues it's na?ve to believe we face a smooth transition. Whether or not there are "new" jobs, we face massive disruption as the jobs millions of us are doing get outsourced to machines. A twenty-first-century "rust belt" will rapidly corrode the labor market and affect literally hundreds of different kinds of job simultaneously. Robots won?t design our future ? we will. Yet shockingly, political leaders and policy makers do not seem to have this in their line of sight. So how should we assess and prepare for this unknown future?"

Introduction: Taking Stock of Bioethics From a Philosophical Perspective -- Introduction: Taking Stock of Bioethics From a Philosophical Perspective -- The Emergence of Bioethics -- The History of Bioethics as a Discipline -- Bioethical Theory -- Principles and Principlism -- Casuistry -- Virtue Theory in Philosophy of Medicine -- Common Morality -- Feminist Approaches to Bioethics -- Four Narrative Approaches to Bioethics -- Philosophy of Medicine and Medical Ethics: A Phenomenological Perspective -- Core Concepts in Clinical Ethics -- The Logic of Health Concepts -- Physicians and Patients in Relation: Clinical Interpretation and Dialogues of Trust -- Informed Consent -- Philosophical Challenges to the Use of Advance Directives -- Ethics Committees and Case Consultation: Theory and Practice -- The Public Policy Context -- The Ethics of Controlled Clinical Trials -- Ethical Issues in the Use of Cost Effectiveness Analysis for the Prioritization of Health Resources -- Sic Et Non: Some Disputed Questions in Reproductive Ethics -- Testing Genes and Constructing Humans — Ethics and Genetics -- Foundations of the Health Professions -- Death, Dying, Euthanasia, and Palliative Care: Perspectives from Philosophy of Medicine and Ethics -- Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry -- Nursing Ethics -- Geroethics -- Ethics and Philosophy of Public Health.