Suchergebnisse

The main aspects of modern organic chemistry of the Group 13 elements – aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), and thallium (Tl) – are considered. Herewith, the main emphasis is placed on their use for the various carbonyl compounds activation in organic synthesis and reactions, which are specific for these elements. The 21th century marked a new era in the development of chemistry of the Group 13 elements; it is connected with the discovery of surprising and unexpected reactions and new compounds (primarily in the area of organic and coordination chemistry), defining various fields of these elements application.

A distribution of clay minerals in Quaternary sediments are revealed in the sedimentary system canyon — deep-water cone of the Shahe river in the Black sea. It is established that the ratio of illite, chlorite, smectite and kaolinite sustained by area and section is determined by the transfer of sedimentary material by turbidity flows through the canyon with the formation of a unified mineralogical province.

Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the main drivers of economic growth wheels that are able to absorb labor and are able to make a significant contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP. This research was conducted in Sidoarjo Regency covering 11 BPR and is a qualitative research. The respondents of this study were twenty-six (26) who were SMEs. The results of this study indicate that SMEs have a good business continuity through loans provided by rural banks in Sidoarjo Regency. Other results show an increase both in terms of income and the addition of existing assets, an increase in the amount of labor used, and an increase in a more prosperous standard of living. In the initial stage, there are those who do not yet have employees, but after their business develops with the existence of credit from BPR, MSME entrepreneurs are able to have employees and some even increase the number of employees. From this study it can be concluded that the credit given by BPRs has a significant role in the progress of MSMEs as evidenced by an increase in the living standards of MSMEs who have become more prosperous with an increase in their incomes. Through this research, it is hoped that the Government will pay more attention to BPRs, in the form of policies that enable BPRs to survive facing competition, especially from commercial banks.

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is suffering from spatially divergent development. The uprisings of the Arab Spring in part reflected grievances of citizens who were or perceived to have been left behind, particularly by accidents of where they were born. This memo introduces a report that one may find useful and interesting. Focusing on actions that can put countries in the MENA on a path to territorial convergence, it concludes that governments can take the lead by tackling the economic and institutional causes of spatial exclusion. Rising spatial disparities are threatening economic growth and social inclusion in the country and across the region. This report shows that opportunities for the citizens are shaped more by accidents of where they were born - much more than in any other part of the world. One can reduce territorial disparities more immediately and effectively by taking five steps: strengthen coordination and complementarities across sectoral interventions; redistribute roles and responsibilities across tiers of government; enable greater mobility of the people between lagging and leading areas; build dense and connected cities; and enhance market access for lagging areas, nationally, and regionally.

ABSTRACTThis instructional case encourages analytical thinking about internal controls in both the operations and audit of a small, not-for-profit organization. Students examine a control environment characterized by unauthorized expenditures, lack of documentation, and missing documents. Using the COSO (2013) framework, students demonstrate understanding of business processes as they identify internal control risks and deficiencies, and recommend control improvements. Auditing students additionally apply management assertions about financial transactions and assess auditor independence. Students gain practical experience in developing flowcharts of accounting processes and writing a management letter for a familiar organization: a preschool.

As a result of paleomagnetic studies Sariolian 2,4–2,3 Ga conglomerates of the Onega basin of the Karelian protoctaton, two characteristic components of magnetization have been separated. Mean direction of the medium-temperature component has a heap distribution and coincides with mean direction of the Svecofennian remagnetization within the Karelian protocraton. The directions of high-temperature magnetization components isolated in conglomerates have a significant spread, which indicates the primary nature of this magnetization component. Two clusters of high-temperature components associated not only with the composition of protolites, but also with different conditions of rock transformations, including their fluid saturation, are distinguished.

In this article, we discuss our experiences learning how to do Foucauldian discourse analysis as doctoral students situated in a school of public health. We mobilize language of "learning through doing" as we reflect on the struggles of conducting doctoral dissertation research. While challenging, these struggles have been productive because they have resulted in epistemological shifts. We explore the following pivotal learning moments that have been central to producing changes in our epistemological positions: (1) realizing there are no predetermined methodological templates, (2) letting go of positivist notions of bias and representativeness, (3) recognizing the iterative nature of the qualitative research process, and (4) experiencing the centrality of writing to qualitative inquiry. Our article recognizes the profound relevance of "doing" within the process of learning critical and interpretive approaches to qualitative research and in unlearning positivist ideas about the production of knowledge that dominate the field of public health.