Suchergebnisse

"Les "relations internationales" à l'époque médiévale ont constitué un champ de recherches privilégié au XIXe siècle et jusqu'aux premières décennies du siècle suivant. Inspirés par la conception positiviste d'une histoire fondamentalement événementielle et institutionnelle, ces travaux ont connu, tout particulièrement en France, un discrédit de plus en plus profond au cours du XXe siècle. Ces dernières années cependant, à l'étranger comme en France, l'histoire des "relations internationales" et de la diplomatie a été l'objet de nouvelles études majeures, qui rompent radicalement avec les conceptions qui présidaient à la rédaction des ouvrages anciens. Elles adoptent une perspective d'anthropologie politique, écrivent à nouveaux frais l'histoire des relations entre rois, princes et puissants à la lumière des acquis de l'historiographie de la résolution des conflits, éclairent le fonctionnement concret du travail des ambassadeurs et montrent le caractère décisif qu'il a eu pour la pratique des "relations internationales". Le nombre et l'importance de ces publications nécessitaient qu'un ouvrage d'ensemble donne une synthèse des études déjà publiées, et ouvre de nouvelles pistes à l'intérieur de ce champ de recherches."--Page 4 of cover

This article asks is there a place for religion and spirituality in a critical theory of international relations (IR)? The usual answer is 'no' because of critical theory's generally negative assessment of religion in domestic and international politics. However, while many of these criticisms can be acknowledged, a critical theory of IR still has to grapple with the more complex understanding of religion that already exists in critical theory, and the global resurgence of religion how Eurocentric its concept of religion actually is and how rooted it is in the European experience of modernisation. For the people of the global South — which comprises most of the people in the world — the struggle to 'live faithfully' amid the problems of world poverty, climate change, conflict and development can not be separated from their struggle for justice and emancipation. Therefore, a greater dialogue between critical theory and theology is necessary if critical theory is to more fully and creatively contribute to our understanding of some of the most important global issues in the study of IR in the 21st century.

This article critiques constructivist approaches to the international relations of the Middle East and sets out an alternative interpretation of the role of ideas based on political economy and the sociology of knowledge. It cautions against using constructivism as a way of 'building bridges' between IR and Middle East Studies and disputes the claim that the norms of 'Arabism' as a putative regional identity are in contradiction with those of sovereignty. The article shows that this assumption is based on the combined influences of modernisation theory and Orientalist assumptions about the power and continuity of regional culture that have persisted in Middle East IR. This is despite the fact that there is no reason to believe the Arabs constitute a more 'natural' nation than do the Syrians, Iraqis or Egyptians. The political role and resonance of ideas can be better established by viewing the modern history of the Middle East in terms of domestic structure and social change, and in particular emphasising the role of rising middle classes in revolutionary nationalist movements. The findings of this article raise questions for the utility of 'moderate' constructivist interpretations of International Relations as a whole. Adapted from the source document.

Peculiarities of modern intercountry trade disputes and their subject-object characteristics, protectionist methods due to the COVID-19 pandemic have been studied in the article. The purpose of the article is to study the features and tools for the implementation of modern interstate trade disputes in the context of strengthening protectionist policies and the spread of the COVID-19 crisis. The research methodology is presented by historical and logical method, statistics and graphic methods, comparative method, correlation regression method, forecasting method, method of theoretical generalization have been used in the article. Dominance and detecting protectionism policy within the process of protecting national markets of goods from international competition have been highlighted and manifestation form of protectionism actions has been defined. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of trade disputes of countries within WTO has been carried out; their subject-object characteristics have been defined; major tools of the most active member countries being a complainant or a respondent have been analyzed. It has been discovered that the largest number of disputes have taken place between the USA and the EU, the USA and China, and China and the EU; methods and tools for trade disputing between the above mentioned countries were identified.