Suchergebnisse

Развитие миграционных процессов, в частности трудовой миграции, определяется совокупностью факторов в числе которых: политические, экономические, социальные и др. Эти явления способствуют распространению миграционного потока по странам-реципиентам. При рассмотрении данного феномена использовались методы абстрагирования и ана- лиза. В статье приведены статистические данные, определены основные факторы влияющие на международную мигра- цию. Даны основные механизмы регулирования миграционных процессов национальным законодателем, обозначены перспективы развития данного социально- правового явления. ; The development of migration processes is determined by the factors that contribute to the spread of migrants, in particular migrant workers, by main countries-recipients. In considering this phenomenon we used methods of abstraction and analysis. In the article the statistical data, the main factors influencing international migration. The main mechanisms of regulation of migration processes by the national legislator, the prospects of development of this socio legal phenomenon.

"Science has spoken. There is no ambiguity in their message. Leaders must act. Time is not on our side. There is a myth that climate action will cost heavily, but inaction will cost much more." as stressed by the United Nations Secretary- General Ban Ki-moon during the press conference to launch the last IPCC 1 Synthesis Report last November in Copenhagen. Later this year, the Paris Conference on the Parties (COP21) 2 may lead to an international agreement to avoid global warming of more than 2°C degrees on average by 2100. To prepare for this key agreement, a common roadmap for all countries in the coming year is therefore required. This was the aim of the Lima Conference (COP20), last December when 195 UN countries tried to establish government commitments before the Paris Conference.

PACITA Conference at Berlin, Germany ; International audience ; Rice husks are the indigestible coatings of grains of rice. They are produced in large quantities by the rice milling industry, more than 1 million ton per year in Cambodia. In recent years, Cambodian enterprises have installed gasifiers, which burn rice husks to generate electricity. This is a two stage process: the biomass is first fed into a gasifier which produces syngas and ashes, then the syngas is cleaned and burned into an engine where it saves diesel fuel. Our study describes the sustainability challenges for deploying these technologies: how much does it depends on government intervention and on the state of the electricity market? What are the impacts of the gaseous, liquid and solid wastes? What are benefits for the local companies in term of profits, jobs and technology transfer?

Internet Policy Observatory affiliate Sarah Logan investigates the international expansion of one of China's biggest internet technology companies, Baidu, using Baidu's recent attempted expansion into Vietnam as a test case and taking a mixed methods approach. The paper first outlines Baidu's role in Chinese information control practices and then turns to the company's 2012 expansion into Vietnam, examining Baidu's puzzling failure in the Vietnamese market despite the historically strong relationship between Vietnam and China. This paper contributes a new area of research on the geopolitical associations of internet technology platforms to existing studies of the social, political implication of information technology. It adds to studies of the state in cyberspace by showing that, at least for Chinese companies in Vietnam, the state is embodied in perceptions of the platform, even outside the state's physical borders: the company itself is 'bordered.'

This thesis asks a simple question: what is the state of Canada's sanctions practice since 1990? In a post-Cold War environment, sanctions have become one of the most commonly applied tools of statecraft. Sanctions are commonly applied to address all manner of crises be they interstate aggression, intrastate humanitarian crises, civil wars, illegal seizures of power, arms proliferation, and international terrorism. There has been no sustained analysis of Canada's use of sanctions since Kim Richard Nossal's book Rain Dancing, which only investigated Canada's application of sanctions in comparison to Australia's until 1990. Therefore, there is a significant gap in the general sanctions literature and, more worrisome, Canada's foreign policy literature. This thesis conducts an investigation into Canada's use of sanctions since 1990 to establish when, why and with whom Canada has applied economic sanctions. ; October 2015

[EN] In this paper we analyze the employment situation of Spanish women, starting with a brief review of the historical background, the institutions created for women and the current situation within the tourism sector. Statistical data about women and their participation in the tourism labor market from different Spanish regions will be presented. European Union legislation and laws regarding protection and prevention of inequality in both genders will be summarized. Today women want to work and promote in their organizations, but there still exists a problem reconciling work and family life, despite their support. Inequality in reward and promoting policies still remain in Spain, most cases in hotels and restaurants. ; Bustamante Reyes, G.; Canós-Darós, L. (2015). Women and Spanish tourism industry. International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology. 5(3):20-27. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/74236 ; S ; 20 ; 27 ; 5 ; 3

In response to the increasing international pressure on Switzerland to reform the ring-fenced elements in its tax system, the Swiss Government has put forward a comprehensive tax reform package. The proposal comprises, among other things, the introduction of a licence box, a substantial reduction in the cantonal profit tax rates and an allowance for excess corporate equity. We apply a computable general equilibrium model to quantify the economic effects of this reform. Our results reveal that the licence box, combined with the reduction in the cantonal profit tax, limits the outflow of the tax base of those companies that benefit from the current preferential tax treatment. The reduction in the cantonal profit tax and the fact that regularly taxed companies also benefit from the licence box render the reform package costly, such that the tax revenues will decline after the reform.

In response to the increasing international pressure on Switzerland to reform the ring-fenced elements in its tax system, the Swiss Government has put forward a comprehensive tax reform package. The proposal comprises, among other things, the introduction of a licence box, a substantial reduction in the cantonal profit tax rates and an allowance for excess corporate equity. We apply a computable general equilibrium model to quantify the economic effects of this reform. Our results reveal that the licence box, combined with the reduction in the cantonal profit tax, limits the outflow of the tax base of those companies that benefit from the current preferential tax treatment. The reduction in the cantonal profit tax and the fact that regularly taxed companies also benefit from the licence box render the reform package costly, such that the tax revenues will decline after the reform.

ohn Rawls is widely regarded as one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century, and his work has permanently shaped the nature and terms of moral and political philosophy, deploying a robust and specialized vocabulary that reaches beyond philosophy to political science, economics, sociology, and law. This volume is a complete and accessible guide to Rawls' vocabulary, with over 200 alphabetical encyclopaedic entries written by the world's leading Rawls scholars. From 'basic structure' to 'burdened society', from 'Sidgwick' to 'strains of commitment', and from 'Nash point' to 'natural duties', the volume covers the entirety of Rawls' central ideas and terminology, with illuminating detail and careful cross-referencing. It will be an essential resource for students and scholars of Rawls, as well as for other readers in political philosophy, ethics, political science, sociology, international relations and law.

International audience ; Les récentes politiques de numérisation du patrimoine ont permis de mettre en lumière l'abondance des collections de photographies et cartes postales anciennes conservées par les institutions culturelles gardiennes de notre mémoire 1. Si la redécouverte de ces ressources ouvre un vaste champ de recherche pour les historiens de la photographie et des pratiques culturelles, leur circulation et usages numériques donnent également à voir la fabrique d'un patrimoine. Document abondant, populaire et longtemps méprisé, la carte postale ancienne est en effet aujourd'hui au centre de stratégies de valorisation qui modifie son statut et les valeurs qui lui sont assignées. C'est à l'analyse de ce processus, à travers l'exemple précis des substituts analogiques et numériques de photographies anciennes présentés au sein du parcours permanent du Musée d'Aquitaine de Bordeaux, que nous souhaitons contribuer à travers cette communication.

This report aims to highlight the importance of cultural diplomacy for the international relation between Australia and Colombia. The research aims to make headway into an area of Colombian diplomatic study that has only been minimally scoped to this day, and to attempt to draw tentative conclusions about which strategies can be used to strengthen the bilateral relation between these two countries. This research has examined a combination of primary source materials (speeches, interviews, government statistics, policies), and secondary sources (books, thesis, recent journalism and academic articles), and has discovered that Colombia's cultural diplomacy shortens the distance between Colombia and the countries in the Asia-Pacific region and supports governmental objectives in other areas. Finally, the research has evidence the potential of the Colombia-Australia bilateral relation and the multiple links from where can be strengthen.

The locations of international borders reflect political aspirations as well as power politics and attempts to bring state boundaries in line with nations. The expulsion of Singapore from Malaysia and the exclusion of the Philippines from the United States indicate the power of narrowly defined borders to govern national identity. The concept 'nations-of-intent' allows us to explore counterfactual borders as a way of examining how political aspirations translate into national borders. The paper explores three Asian cases - Malaysia, Mongolia and Vietnam - and makes reference to Indonesia in considering how different senses of what was possible and desirable in the context of decolonization generated different ideas about where borders should lie. This approach also allows us to interrogate losing forces retrospectively about the policies they would have followed within different border configurations.

There is an assumption in international relations literature that junior allies must choose between supporting a dominant global alliance partner and engaging with a rising power. Yet, Australian policy-makers have paradoxically managed to deepen Sino-Australian relations despite their bilateral alliance with the United States. They have developed a discrete China policy on the assumption that they could persuade Washington to accept it over time. They reasoned that this outcome was more likely if Australia used diplomacy to facilitate Sino-American cooperation and to develop an Australian China policy non-prejudicial to ANZUS. This article explores how this 'diplomatic formula' supported expansion of Sino-Australian relations under the Whitlam, Hawke, and Howard Governments. It explains Australia's intra-alliance influence and paradoxical foreign policy behavior and contributes to understanding the dynamics of asymmetric alliances during power transition.

À paraître en avril 2015 dans les 2015/2 (n° 141). ; International audience ; Dans cet article, nous nous proposons d'analyser en quoi les possibilités techniques introduites par l'informatique personnelle et le Web influencent certaines questions de philosophie de la connaissance. La première partie étudie l'influence de la technique et de modèles participatifs introduits par le mouvement des logiciels libres sur l'épistémologie. L'informatique contribue à motiver une épistémologie dite "sociale" attentive aux systèmes d'interactions et au caractère collectif de la connaissance. Wikipédia en est un exemple parlant. La deuxième partie montre, à l'aide des STS (Science and Technology Studies), que les outils technologiques à notre disposition ne sont pas neutres mais sont, au contraire, chargés politiquement. Ainsi, la structure et le modèle épistémique de l'outil influencent politiquement son contenu et le type d'interaction et vice versa.

International audience ; [In the early 1990s, the world is experiencing a process of metropolization I then defined as "the exercise of centripetal forces leading to the con-centration of people and activities." However, over the decades, proces-sus is extremely uneven. In reviewing various territorial laws passed in France in recent years, one may wonder if national leaders do not confuse the process with an "ideology of metropolisation."] ; Au début des années 1990, le monde connaît un processus de métropolisation que j'ai alors défini comme « l'exercice de forces centripètes conduisant à la con-centration des hommes et des activités ». Toutefois, au fil des décennies, ce proces-sus s'avère extrêmement inégal. À l'examen de différentes lois territoriales votées en France ces dernières années, on peut se demander si les responsables nationaux ne confondent pas le processus avec une « idéologie de la métropolisation ».