Suchergebnisse

International audience ; [The European Union is hampered by the confusion in the knowledge, recognition and appreciation of his own identity. This confusion includes seven components of which the first three are cultural, geographical and institutional. The fourth relates to the confusion in the practice of major operating principle of the European Union and the fifth to the issue of legal identity. Lastly add democratic and geopolitical confusion.] ; L'Union européenne se trouve pénalisée par la confusion qui règne dans la connaissance, la reconnaissance et la valorisation de sa propre identité. Cette confusion inclut sept composantes dont les trois premières sont de nature culturelle, géographique et institutionnelle. La quatrième tient à la confusion dans la pratique du principe majeur de fonctionnement de l'Union européenne et la cinquième à la question de l'identité judiciaire. S'ajoutent enfin des confusions démocratiques et géopolitiques.

International audience ; Cet article analyse la politique pontificale vis-à-vis du commerce avec les musulmans, essentiellement de la chute définitive des Etats latins d'Orient en 1291 à la fin du Grand Schisme, au début du XVe siècle. Il rend compte en particulier de l'évolution très contrastée qu'elle connaît, passant d'une logique de sévère prohibition assortie de sanctions, à une attitude beaucoup plus permissive débouchant sur l'octroi de licences, toujours plus nombreuses. Le contexte du Grand Schisme favorisa in fine ce trafic, les licences, payantes, devenant une forme d'impôt au service de l'une ou l'autre faction papale. Les sources pontificales, rassemblées sous forme de base de données informatique - Papal Letters - sont ici principalement confrontées à la vaste documentation relative aux principaux ports et pôles commerciaux de la couronne d'Aragon, dans leurs relations avec l'Egypte et la Syrie des Mamlûks.

В статье рассматриваются исторические предпосылки возникновения высших школ сервиса, а также поднимаются актуальные вопросы подготовки кадров для индустрии гостеприимства и туризма; указывается на необходимость анализа социальных, экономических, политических процессов в стране при выработке правительственного курса в области подготовки кадров высшей школы. ; The article covers historical background of creation of the higher schools of hospitality and analyzes compelling issues related to training of personnel for hospitality industry and tourism. Higher educational institutes specializing on training students for hotel, restaurant and tourism industry start analyzing international and Russian peculiarities of modern curriculums and new approaches to development of personnel for the hospitality in changing environment and globalization of the industry. The article states the necessity to study social, economic, political processes in the country while elaborating governmental policy in the sphere of personnel training of higher qualification.

International audience ; The aim of this article is to show that focus groups (FGs) are a relevant method forthe study of social representations of ecological practices and the meanings they haveacquired in different socio-cultural contexts. First, relevant theoretical elements aboutecological practices and representations are mentioned. Then, our different steps ofdesigning FGs are detailed. A comparison between French and German FGs illustratesdifferent processes of social representations and evidences how the tasks andstimuli structure group discussions about practices. Results highlight the role of themajority's opinion in facing scientific uncertainty and in the evaluation of ecologicalpractices. They also point out different ways of anchoring them. For the French participants,ecological practices are means of acting according to political values, whereasfor the German group members, they are compromises between individual and altruisticinterests. Furthermore, the potentialities of FGs are discussed.

International audience ; Le maintien et le développement des pôles urbains en zone inondable questionnent l'efficacité des politiques de prévention des risques basées sur la maîtrise de l'urbanisation. L'article analyse la résilience urbaine des représentations gestionnaires du risque dans les Plans de Prévention des Risques (PPR) du Val de Tours – Val de Luynes. Le concept de résilience révèle néanmoins les obstacles à son intégration dans la réglementation des zones inondables. D'une part, l'unicité de la norme dans l'application des PPR évacue toute possibilité de prise en compte de la résilience. D'autre part, la capacité d'adaptation et d'auto-organisation des habitants est une condition nécessaire afin d'assurer la pérennité d'une société face à une perturbation. Loin d'inciter à des pratiques de coopération et de solidarité, les changements de paradigme et d'échelle induits par la résilience se heurtent au manque de confiance entre les pouvoirs publics et la population.

International audience ; Morocco represents an interesting study case of proactive policy of touristic counting planning, based in particular on air transportation development. The object of this study is to understand the process of opening to the market of the airline field, to analyse the strategies of the companies, more especially of the low cost companies, and to understand the consequences on tourism activity and their territorial organization. ; Le Maroc présente un cas intéressant de politique volontariste d'aménagement touristique faisant la part belle au développement du transport aérien comme vecteur de croissance du trafic. L'objectif de cette analyse est de comprendre les mécanismes d'ouverture à la concurrence du secteur aérien,d'analyser les stratégies des compagnies aériennes, notamment les low cost (à bas coûts) et de saisir les conséquences sur les arrivées touristiques et leur organisation spatiale.

The 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development Rio+20 generated a wide range of mostly negative reactions. Even before the conference, there was widespread doubt about the possibility of success. As soon as the conference closed, analysts highlighted its failures and criticized the outcome document, The Future We Want. While it does not present a grand transformative vision, the outcome document does reaffirm past political commitments and addresses the multiple dimensions of sustainable development and the linkages among them. Indeed, Rio+20 had subtle, yet significant impacts. Three main areas stand out: reform of international institutions, sustainable development goals, and participation as principle and practice. The global decisions in these domains and the unprecedented local engagement provide critical junctures likely to shape global environmental governance for the next two decades.

As parliamentarian during the Bosnian war, witness at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, and finally as politician with considerable executive power in the role of High Representative, the length and multifaceted nature of Paddy Ashdown's interaction with Bosnia and Herzegovina is atypical. This rarity provides a unique opportunity to examine the factors that influence a politician's views and understanding of a foreign country and examine how and why they oscillate and develop over time. By first identifying the preconceptions and misjudgements which Ashdown entered the realm of the Bosnian war with in 1992, this paper examines the aforementioned stages in Ashdown's interactions with the country and subsequently provides a political evolution of his views from 1991 to 2006.

This article provides an assessment of Europol as a comprehensive policing actor with a particular focus on crime-fighting. It argues that Europol has moved beyond some of the early obstacles it faced regarding the lack of trust and confidence from the police forces of the member states and the limitations that those issues had caused. The agency now makes contributions in all of the broad areas associated with international crime-fighting. As a result, it can be argued that Europol's mandate and activities include the range of police functions comprised by policing in the area of crime-fighting. However, although the EU's promotion of Europol and its increased mandate have given the agency significant potential to fulfil these functions in a deep and complete way, in practice this has been achieved only in some areas. Adapted from the source document.

International audience In his 1919 lecture on the profession and vocation of politics (Politik als Beruf)- probably the best-known and most-read contribution of the German sociologist to the study of journalism-Max Weber refers to journalists as a sort of 'pariah caste'. This metaphor is analyzed here as a cue to understand Weber's portrayal of the two 'aspects' of the condition of journalists in modern media: their market situation and their ethical situation ('character' or 'personality'). This article explores both dimensions of modern journalism with a Weberian lens and intends to contribute to a renewed sociology of journalism. The history of journalistic bylines is used as a case study to illustrate the dynamics of 'personality' and 'anonymity' that lies at the heart of journalism and that every journalist as pariah has to address.