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Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 1. War, Institutions, and Social Change in the Middle East -- 2. Guns, Gold, and Grain: War and Food Supply in the Making of Transjordan -- 3. The Climax and Crisis of the Colonial Welfare State in Syria and Lebanon during World War II -- 4. War, Keynesianism, and Colonialism: Explaining State-Market Relations in the Postwar Middle East Robert Vitalis and Steven Heydemann -- 5. Si Vis Stabilitatem, Para Bellum: State Building, National Security, and War Preparation in Syria -- 6. Changing Boundaries and Social Crisis Israel and the 1967 War -- 7. War as Leveler, War as Midwife Palestinian Political Institutions, Nationalism, and Society since 1948 -- 8. War in the Social Memory of Egyptian Peasants -- 9. War as a Vehicle for the Rise and Demise of a State-Controlled Society: The Case of Ba'thist Iraq -- 10. The Political Economy of Civil War in Lebanon -- 11. The Cumulative Impact of Middle Eastern Wars -- SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY -- List of Contributors -- INDEX

Explores the connections between elite & non-elite changes (ie, longer-term shifts in stratification & class systems) driving transitions from state socialism, using the example of Czechoslovakia before, during, & after the 1989 collapse of state socialism & post 1993 with its emergence as an independent Czech Republic. The development of a range of people holding midlevel positions inconsistent with their economic & political statuses as well as their education & other social & cultural capital is discussed as forming the basis of a dissident movement. The appearance of a new elite between the Velvet Revolution (Nov 1989) & the rise of a sovereign Czech Republic (Jan 1993) is examined in terms of economic & cultural elite circulation. By the mid-1990s, the Czech Republic was led by moderately conservative elites supported by younger & middle-aged, relatively well-educated, & enterprising people of Western orientation. Differences between political, economic, & cultural elites are evidenced. Processes of intragenerational mobility into elite statuses, 1988-1993, are considered to illustrate gains & losses among various Czech elite groups. Profiles of economic, political, & cultural elite are provided on the basis of 1994 survey data from 1,509 members of old state socialist & new postsocialist elite groups. Elite attitudes are also briefly assessed, drawing on 1994 survey data from 423 elites. Postindependence developments among Czech elites are scrutinized in light of changing economic & political conditions, showing how the democratic means of political elite alternation worked to unseat one set of elites & install previously marginalized elite groups. Findings indicate that the complexity of social & political realities does not allow for unequivocal support for explanations of elite change centered on elite reproduction or elite circulation. 24 References. J. Zendejas

Explores the connections between elite & non-elite changes (ie, longer-term shifts in stratification & class systems) driving transitions from state socialism, using the example of Czechoslovakia before, during, & after the 1989 collapse of state socialism & post 1993 with its emergence as an independent Czech Republic. The development of a range of people holding midlevel positions inconsistent with their economic & political statuses as well as their education & other social & cultural capital is discussed as forming the basis of a dissident movement. The appearance of a new elite between the Velvet Revolution (Nov 1989) & the rise of a sovereign Czech Republic (Jan 1993) is examined in terms of economic & cultural elite circulation. By the mid-1990s, the Czech Republic was led by moderately conservative elites supported by younger & middle-aged, relatively well-educated, & enterprising people of Western orientation. Differences between political, economic, & cultural elites are evidenced. Processes of intragenerational mobility into elite statuses, 1988-1993, are considered to illustrate gains & losses among various Czech elite groups. Profiles of economic, political, & cultural elite are provided on the basis of 1994 survey data from 1,509 members of old state socialist & new postsocialist elite groups. Elite attitudes are also briefly assessed, drawing on 1994 survey data from 423 elites. Postindependence developments among Czech elites are scrutinized in light of changing economic & political conditions, showing how the democratic means of political elite alternation worked to unseat one set of elites & install previously marginalized elite groups. Findings indicate that the complexity of social & political realities does not allow for unequivocal support for explanations of elite change centered on elite reproduction or elite circulation. 24 References. J. Zendejas

Freeman reviews and compares Concrete Dragon: China's Urban Revolution and What it Means for the World, by Thomas J. Campanella (New York, Princeton Architectural Press, 2008), and Creating Wealth and Poverty in Postsocialist China, by Deborah S. Davis and Wang Feng (eds.) (Stanford University Press, 2008) -- among the most recent examinations of the features and effects that are directly and indirectly linked to China's extraordinary urban transformation. Adapted from the source document.

Introduction: Exploring the Role of Education and the Pedagogical in Pathways to Twenty-First Century Socialism in Latin America; Sara C Motta --. - PART I: ON THE PHILOSOPHIES, THEORIES, AND HISTORIES OF EMANCIPATORY EDUCATION IN LATIN AMERICA --. - 1. Naming the World: Situating Freirean Pedagogics in the Philosophical Problematic of Nuestra Am̌rica; Jon L. Mansell --. - 2. Marxism and Popular Education in Latin America; Liam Kane --. - 3. On the Pedagogical Turn in Latin American Social Movements; Sara C Motta --. - PART II: EDUCATION STRUGGLES AND/IN LEFT GOVERNMENTS --. - 4. Nicaragua: Deprivatizing Education, the Citizen Power Development Model, and the Construction of Twenty-First Century Socialism; Thomas Muhr --. - 5. A Critical Theoretical Perspective on Education and Social Change in Bolivia A Contested Alternative Pedagogy; Mieke Lopes Cardozo --. - 6. Epistemic Independence Struggles: A Comparative Analysis of Two Indigenous Universities in Peru and Ecuador; Lenin Arturo Valencia Arroyo --. - 7. Education for the Creation of a New Venezuela; Francisco Dominguez --. - 8. Hugo Ch̀vez, Social Democracy and Twenty-First-Century Socialism in Venezuela: An Alternative to the Neoliberal Model; Mike Cole --. - INTERLUDE: Some, Our Leaves of Fall; Angela Martinez Dy --. - PART III: EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGY FROM BELOW --. - 9. Movement Methodologies and Transforming Urban Space; Jennifer L. Martinez --. - 10. Which Education for Which Democracy?: The Case of the Penguins' Revolution in Chile; Ivette Hernandez --. - 11. Experiential and Relational Dimensions in the Pedagogical Practice of Solidarity Economy: Insights from Brazil; Ana Margarida Esteves --. - 12. Colombia: Education and Gender in Context; Glory Rigueros Saavedra --. - 13. Cali's Women in Collective Crossing through Three Worlds: Popular Education, Feminisms, and Nonviolence for the Expansion of the Present, Memory and Nurturing of Life; Norma Lucia Bermdez --. - Conclusion: The Current Crisis in Capita